6A.

ANALYSING AND
PRESENTING INFORMATION
 TOPICS
1 2
ANALYSING
INFORMATION USING ANALYSING
DIFFERENT QUESTIONNAIRES
TECHNIQUES

3 4
PRESENTING AND
LANGUAGE USE IN
INTERPRETING
ANALYSING
INFORMATION IN
INFORMATION
GRAPHICS
ANALYSING INFORMATION USING
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES
 TECHNIQUES IN ANALYSING INFORMATION

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE
FREQUENCY
Common descriptive statistics 1
Simple count 2
Depicting the number of
individuals who select each option 3
on an item.

Normally presented in tables 4

PERCENTAGE
Common descriptive statistics 1%
Converted from frequency simple
count 2%
Express parts of a whole as a
percentage. Convey proportions 3%
and relative importance.

Normally presented in graphs and

charts 4%
 EXAMPLE
FREQUENCY PERCENT

AGREE 34 68%

DISAGREE 16 32%

TOTAL 50 100%

Table 1: Respondents’ Willingness to Revisit the Premise

 WILLINGNESS TO REVISIT THE PREMISE
80
68
70
60
PERCENT
50
40
32
30
20
10
0
RESPONSES

AGREE DISAGREE

Figure 1: Respondents’ Willingness to Revisit the Premise

ANALYSING QUESTIONNAIRES
 ANALYSING QUESTIONNAIRE

Use grid sheet, spreadsheet or SPSS

DATA ENTRY
to record data

DESCRIPTIVE
STATISTICS Frequency and Percentage

Choose the appropriate tables,

VISUALISATION
graphs or charts
 ANALYSING QUESTIONNAIRE

OPEN-ENDED Categorize and code responses.

QUESTIONS Identify common themes or
patterns.

COMPARISON Compare responses across different

demographic groups (if applicable).

Summarize and highlight trends,

KEY FINDINGS patterns, or insights that emerge
from the data.
EXAMPLE: PREPARING GRID SHEET
RESPONDENTS Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
1 1 1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2 1 1
3 1 2 1 1 2
4 1 1 1 1 1
5 2 1 2 1 2

NOTE Agree= 1
Disagree = 2
PRESENTING INFORMATION IN
GRAPHICS
1 TABLES: Easy to comprehend

PIE CHARTS: Highlight

proportion in percentage 2
BAR GRAPH: Make quick
3 comparison
LINE GRAPH: Data changes
over a continuous period 4
FLOWCHART: Illustrate
5 steps or processes
 EXAMPLE: TABLE

CAR MODEL 2018 2019

V50 16 486 37 515

CV40 154 745 198 423

IRAZ 121 899 125 702

CRH 70 430 63 119

TABLE 1: Sales Records of Car Models (Unit) in 2018 and 2019

 EXAMPLE: BAR GRAPH
1000
900
800
FACEBOOK
700
600
500
400
INSTAGRAM 300
200
100

MALE FEMALE
The Number of Semester 1 Students Based on Gender
FIGURE 1: Using Social Networking Sites at XYZ University
 EXAMPLE: LINE GRAPH
5000
SUNSHINE
4000
UNIT

3000
SOFTSILK

2000

1000 KARASTUS

JAN FEB MAR APR

Sales of Shampoo Brands at Skip Square Supermarket in

FIGURE 1: 2019
 EXAMPLE: PIE CHART
OTHERS RENT
5%

15% 15%
SAVING GROCERY

30%
25%
UTILITY BILLS TRANSPORT
10%

FIGURE 1: Monthly Expenses of the Employees at Unicom Company

INTEPRETING INFORMATION
 INTERPRETING DATA

❑ Introduction, Body, and Conclusion.

❑ Do not write in detail every trend that
appears in the non-linear text.
Interpret it by selecting only what the
reader needs to know.
❑ Use figures, numbers or statistics to
support statements.

40%
90%

70%
 INTERPRETING DATA

❑ Use rounded figures such as 1.3 35%

instead of 1.25, unless specific
10%
information is necessary.
❑ Do not draw inferences that cannot be
supported by the data.
❑ Be aware of the tenses whether they 40% 67%
are in the past or in present.
25%
❑ Vary the sentence structure to make
the text interesting and easy to
understand.
 Introduction: General statement,
issue, purpose of the question,
contextualisation
Step 1

DATA Data analysis: Data presentation,

ANALYSIS Step 2
data interpretation

STEPS
Conclusion: Summary of analysis,
significance of study (purpose),
Step 3 recommendation
 EXAMPLE
A complaint was raised by the
PROBLEM passengers regarding the service
01
offered by Rapid KL.

02 PURPOSE To identify the causes of poor

service provided by Rapid KL

QUESTION FROM ❑The internal condition of the

03 QUESTIONNAIRE
Rapid KL buses is conducive.
 INTRODUCTION

GENERAL STATEMENT Public transportation services are

crucial for urban mobility, and passenger
contentment depends on several
aspects, with the internal and external
ISSUE condition of the vehicles being a crucial
component. The study examines a
relevant complaint made by passengers
regarding the services offered by Rapid
PURPOSE OF ANALYSIS KL, to identify and analyse the
underlying reasons for the perceived
poor standard of service.
 INTRODUCTION

The condition of public transport

CONTEXTUALISATION vehicles is crucial in assuring a satisfying
experience for passengers. As claimed by
an attitudinal poll in the UK by Aidoo,
Agyemang, Monkah, and Afukaar (2013)
To add and Cullinane (1992), it was found that
credibility of
41% of private car users would be willing
findings
to reduce their car usage if public
transport were more accessible and
dependable.
 BODY: DATA ANALYSIS

DATA PRESENTATION Nevertheless, data gathered from

the study conducted on Rapid KL buses
reveals a substantial shortcoming in
The most meeting the expectations of passengers.
significant As depicted in Table 1 and Figure 1,
data obtained more precisely, 54% of the participants
(Data 1) expressed significant dissatisfaction over
the suitability of the bus's condition.
 RESPONSES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS %
Strongly 27 54
Disagree
Disagree 13 26
Agree 6 12
Strongly agree 4 8

Table 1: Distribution of Respondents' Opinions on the

Conduciveness of Rapid Bus Conditions
 RESPONENTS’ OPINIONS ON THE CONDUCIVENESS OF
RAPID BUS CONDITION
60

50

40
PERCENT

30

20

10

0
STRONGLY AGREE AGREE DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE
RESPONDENTS’ OPINIONS

Figure 1: Distribution of Respondents' Opinions on the Conduciveness of

Rapid Bus Conditions
 BODY: DATA ANALYSIS

The primary cause of this

DATA INTERPRETATION disagreement is mainly attributed to
the breakdown of air conditioning systems,
which results in discomfort, especially during
peak hours and in hot weather. Moreover,
cases of air conditioner leaks result in damp
seats, which greatly affects the perceived
level of service quality. The apparent
overcrowding of Rapid KL buses, along with
an inadequate number of available seats and
the presence of soaked seats, makes the
entire passenger experience worse.
 BODY: DATA ANALYSIS

In contrast, a small proportion of

DATA PRESENTATION participants, amounting to just 8%, conveyed
contentment with the state of the buses.
Second Their positive perspective is primarily based
significant on not having any unfavourable encounters
data obtained throughout their travels.
(Data 2)
Several participants emphasised that
they made use of the bus service for brief
DATA INTERPRETATION trips, hence reducing the influence of air
conditioner malfunctions on their overall
satisfaction.
 CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that the dire

condition specifically the air conditioners of
SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS
Rapid KL buses is a significant element that
contributes to the general displeasure of
passengers. In order to solve this problem and
improve the quality of service, it is very
ANSWER TO THE advisable for the Rapid KL bus operator to
PURPOSE OF STUDY establish a thorough and frequent maintenance
programme, specifically focusing on resolving
air conditioner issues. By aggressively
addressing these problems, the organisation
RECOMMENDATION may greatly enhance the comfort and
contentment levels of passengers, hence
improving the overall quality of service.
LANGUAGE USE IN ANALYSING
INFORMATION
 LANGUAGE USE
• According to the data depicted, there is a noticeable preference in
To describe [particular variable].
• A comprehensive analysis of the data reveals the [specific pattern/trend].

• The data can be explained by considering the influence of [underlying

To explain factor].
• This pattern in the data is attributable to the impact of [specific cause].

• The interpretation of the data suggests a significant shift in [specific trend].

To interpret • Analysing the data in depth reveals the implications of [particular variable]
on the overall outcome.

• One of the key reasons behind this observation is the presence of

To provide
[underlying factor].
reasons
• A contributing factor to this outcome can be attributed to [specific cause].
 LANGUAGE USE
• In comparison to [data set A], the findings from [data set B] indicate a
To compare contrasting pattern in terms of [specific aspect].Contrary to the data
and contrast from [source A], the data obtained from [source B] reveals a parallel
trend in [specific parameter].

• In conclusion, the data analysis underscores the importance of

considering [variable A] in the broader context of [overall trend].
To conclude • Based on the comprehensive data analysis, it can be concluded that
[main finding] is a significant aspect that requires further attention and
examination.

• Considering the implications of the data, it is suggested to prioritize the

integration of [particular approach] to mitigate the identified
To
challenges.
recommend • To address the issues highlighted by the data, it is recommended to
devise a comprehensive plan that integrates [proposed solution].
 LANGUAGE USE
Use a more diverse vocabulary. For instance, instead of
repeatedly using "conducive," use "comfortable,"
STEP 01 "pleasant," “contentment” or "satisfactory."

Use cohesive devices to enhance the flow and structure of

STEP 02 writing
Use formal tone in writing

Maintain a high degree of grammar accuracy (Tenses,

STEP 03 punctuations, spelling)
Use varied sentence structures (Simple, compound and
complex)
THANK YOU