Pan-Borneo

Highway

The Pan-Borneo Highway (Malay: Lebuhraya Pan Borneo), also known as the Trans-Borneo
Highway or the Trans-Kalimantan Highway (Indonesian: Jalan Lintas Kalimantan), is a road
network on Borneo Island connecting two Malaysian states, Sabah and Sarawak, with Brunei
and the Kalimantan region in Indonesia. The highway is numbered AH150 in the Asian
Highway Network and as Federal Route 1 in Sarawak. In Sabah, the route numbers given are
1, 13 and 22.[1] The highway is a joint project between both governments which started as
soon as the formation of Malaysia in 1963 which comprised Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and
Singapore. The lack of a road network system in Sarawak was the main factor of the
construction.
 Pan Borneo Highway

Lebuhraya Pan Borneo (Malay)

Jalan Lintas
Kalimantan (Indonesian)
Route information

Length 5,324 km (3,308 mi)

Component FT 1 Pan-Borneo
highways Highway Sarawak
(Telok Melano-Sungai
Tujuh, Tedungan-

Pandaruan and Trusan-

Merapok)

FT 1 Federal Route
1 (Sabah)
(Sindumin-Kudat)
FT 22 Federal
Route 22
(Berungis-Sandakan)
FT 13 Federal
Route 13
(Mile 32 Checkpoint-
Tawau)
Brunei Pan-Borneo
Highway
(Sungai Tujuh-Kuala
Lurah and Kampung Puni-
Labu)
Trans-Kalimantan
Highway Northern
Route
(Along Malaysia-

Indonesia border;
Tamajuk-Sei Ular)

Trans-Kalimantan
Highway Central
Route
 (Pontianak-Samarinda)
Trans-Kalimantan
Highway Southern
Route
(Sambas-Simanggaris)

Major junctions

Southwest end Telok Melano,

Sarawak

Kuala Belait
Muara–Tutong
Highway

Northeast end Serudong, Sabah

Location

Countries Malaysia, Brunei

Darussalam

Major cities Bandar Seri

Begawan, Jerudong,
 Gadong, Berakas,
Kuching, Sri Aman,
Sarikei, Sibu, Bintulu,
Miri, Limbang, Lawas,
Sipitang, Beaufort,
Keningau, Papar,
Kota Kinabalu, Kota
Belud, Sandakan,
Tawau, Seria, Lumut,
Sungai Liang, Tutong

Highway system

Asian Highway Network

Malaysian Federal Roads System

Brunei National Roads System

← AH143 AH151 →
 Milestone of Malaysia Federal Route
22 at Telupid in Sabah.

The length of the entire highway is expected to be about 2,083 kilometres (1,294 mi) for the
Malaysian section, 168 kilometres (104 mi) for the Bruneian section and 3,073 kilometres
(1,909 mi) for the Indonesian section.[2] The Indonesian sections of the Pan Borneo Highway
is known as the Trans-Kalimantan Highway. The western route connects the city of Pontianak
to Tebedu.

Route background

Milestone of Malaysia Federal Route

1 between Sibu and Bintulu in
Sarawak.

The Pan-Borneo Highway, Asian Highway Route AH150 is supposed to be a circular highway
that runs along the coastlines of Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.[2] However, a
missing link does exist from Serudong, Sabah to Simanggaris, North Kalimantan, which is
supposed to connect Sabah with North Kalimantan.[3]

The Malaysian section of the Pan-Borneo Highway is signposted as Federal Route 1 in

Sarawak and Federal Routes 1, 22 and 13 in Sabah.[1] The 1,077-km highway in Sarawak is
divided to 92 sections altogether, and the sections are sometimes being signposted along
with the route number with the syntax of xx-yy, where xx is the route number and yy is the
section code. In Brunei, the highway is signposted simply as the AH150.

In Kalimantan, the Trans-Kalimantan Highway consists of three main highways. The northern
route, also dubbed as Trans Border Highway (Jalan Lintas Perbatasan), runs along the
Malaysia-Indonesia border from Tamajuk to Sei Ular. The central route runs from Pontianak to
Samarinda through the interior of Kalimantan. The southern route, which runs along the
coastline of Kalimantan from Sambas to Simanggaris, is gazetted as the Indonesian section
of the Asian Highway Route AH150.[2] None of the three highways bear any route number yet.

The Malaysian and Indonesian sections are linked together by a highway known as the Trans-
Malindo Highway (Jalan Lintas Malindo), which is gazetted as Federal Route 21 in Malaysia.

History
The Pan-Borneo Highway was built due to the lack of the intercity highway network in the
island of Borneo. In East Malaysia, the intercity highway plan only existed after the Second
World War ended in 1945, after the states of North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak were ceded
to Britain to become British Crown Colonies.[4] By 1949, the Governor of North Borneo
reported that there were 130 miles (210 km) of roads paved with asphalt, 23 miles (37 km) of
other metalled roads, 225 miles (362 km) of dirt roads and 578 miles (930 km) of bridle
paths.[5]

The construction of the intercity highway network in Sabah and Sarawak intensified at a
faster pace after both states participated in the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. In Sabah, the
first federally-funded intercity highway project ever constructed was the Federal Route 22
from Kota Kinabalu to Sandakan, as a joint project between the Malaysian federal
government with the government of Australia.[6] Also dubbed as the "Malaysia-Australia Road
Project" (MARP), the construction of the FT22 highway began in 1968 and was completed in
1982 with Telupid town became the main centre of the project headquarters.[7][8]

In the meantime, the Kota Kinabalu–Papar section of the Federal Route 1 was completed in
1964, followed by the Kota Kinabalu–Kudat section which was completed in the 1970s.[5] The
entire Sabah Federal Route 1 was completed in 1981 after the construction of the final
section from Papar to Sindumin was completed that year. Two years later in 1983, the
construction of the Tawau–Semporna Highway (part of the FT13 highway and the entire
section of the SA51 highway) was completed.[8] The construction of the remaining section of
the FT13 highway was completed in the early 1990s after the construction of Sungai
Kinabatangan and Sungai Segama bridges were completed.[9]

Meanwhile, in Sarawak, the construction of the first intercity trunk highway in Sarawak was
commenced in 1965, dubbed as the "First Trunk Road".[10] Most of the highway network in
Sarawak was constructed within the decades of the 1960s to 1980s.[4] The Lawas–Merapok–
Sindumin section was completed in 1981[8] while the final missing link from Sibu to Bintulu
was completed in 1985.[11] However, the highway had not been fully paved with asphalt yet at
that time; it was only by the end of Sixth Malaysia Plan (RMK6) in 1995 that the FT1 highway
in Sarawak was fully paved.[10]

Before 1996, all routes in the Pan-Borneo Highway network in Malaysia were state highways.
After the Federal Roads Act 1959 was made effective in Sabah and Sarawak in 1984, those
highways were re-gazetted as federal highways in 1996 with the route number of FT1 (from
Sematan to Kudat through Brunei), FT13 (Mile 32 Sandakan to Tawau) and FT22 (Tamparuli
to Sandakan).[1][12] Those highways were later gazetted as a part of Asian Highway Network
Route AH150.[13][2]

Meanwhile, the road transportation network in Kalimantan region did not exist until the 1970s
when logging roads were built by logging companies. Later, about 75% of the logging roads
were converted to national roads.[14] The Trans-Kalimantan Highway (southern route) was
completed in 2016 with the opening of the Tayan Bridge.[15]

Although some sections had been upgraded to divided highways, the Pan-Borneo Highway
was notorious for its poor condition in many sections. As of 2010, 1,184 kilometres (736 mi)
of the Indonesian Trans-Kalimantan Highway was built below the Asian Highway Network
Class III standards (lane width: 3.0 m; design speed limit: 80 km/h).[2] Meanwhile, the overall
condition in many sections of the Malaysian section of the Highway was poor with many
potholes, because most sections of the highway were built with standards as low as JKR R3
(design speed limit: 70 km/h; minimum lane width: 3.0 m).[16][17] A study to upgrade the entire
highway to a super two highway under JKR R5 standard (design speed limit: 100 km/h;
minimum lane width: 3.5 m) was done, which was expected to cost RM16 billion.[17]
Ultimately, the Malaysian federal government had opted to upgrade the Pan-Borneo Highway
to a divided highway.[18] The upgrade works of the Pan-Borneo Highway to a divided highway
is expected to be completed by 2023 for the Sarawakian section and by 2025 for the Sabahan
section, with the overall cost of RM27 billion.[19][20]
Intersections along the Pan
Borneo Highway

Malaysia Federal Route 1

(Sarawak)#List of interchanges,
intersections and towns
Brunei Pan-Borneo Highway#List of
interchanges, intersections and towns
Malaysia Federal Route 1 (Sabah)#List
of interchanges
Kimanis-Keningau Highway#List of
interchanges
Malaysia Federal Route 22#List of
interchanges
 Malaysia Federal Route 13
(Sabah)#List of interchanges

Pan Borneo Highway Sabah

UEM, MMC and Warisan Tarang Construction Sdn Bhd is teaming up, forms UEM-MMC-
Warisan Tarang JV Sdn Bhd via a joint venture (JV) and received their role as project delivery
partner (PDP) via Borneo Highway PDP (BHP) Sdn Bhd in 2016. Warisan Tarang owns BHP. It
starts at Sindumin and ends at Serudong. In 2019, UEM announces that UEM-MMC-Warisan
Tarang JV Sdn Bhd agrees the WARISAN-Pakatan Harapan government's decision to
terminate their role as PDP. Since then, the joint venture company would gave up their
operation and gives the project to other contractors to continue. This has caused the Sabah
Pan Borneo Highway project to be disrupted in the long run until September 2020.

In October 2020, new Sabahan government was established under GRS Party defeating
Warisan Party in state election. The leaders of GRS Party announced that the Sabah Pan
Borneo Highway will be restarted again and will not terminated the process until the Pan
Borneo projects successfully done.

In September 2023, The King of Malaysia, Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Abdullah of Pahang visits
Borneo Island (the journey also known as Kembara Borneo) and The King of Malaysia
checking all the remaining Pan-Borneo Highway projects. The journey began in Tawau, Sabah
to Telok Melano, Lundu, Sarawak. The King's Kembara Borneo journey is aims to feel driving in
the Pan-Borneo Highway and also intended to known the Borneo more closer perspective.[21]

Pan Borneo Highway

Sarawak
In 2015, then Prime Minister Najib Razak and then Chief Minister, Adenan Satem launched
the Pan Borneo Highway project in Telok Melano. The main purpose was to upgrade the two-
way lane to four lane two-way lane. 50 years ago, long-distance travelling was the only way
through the two way and it was unhappy news for those who traveled to other parts of the
state for working abroad and holiday seasons. It was Adenan's manifesto to upgrade the
state's infrastructure. 10 contractors were involved in this project, beginning with Samlig
Resources Sdn Bhd for works package (WPC01) which connects Telok Melano and Sematan
in December 2015 as the first contractor and ended with Konsortium KPE Sdn Bhd for Sg.
Tangap to Pujut Link Road in July 2016 as among the last contractors to do so. The length of
this project was almost 10,000 km and the cost was near RM1 billion. Of all the projects,
WPC01 Telok Melano to Sematan was the shortest length (32.77 km) while WPC02 Sematan
to Sg. Moyan was the longest length (95.43 km), both went by Samling and there are 24
interchanges built at the each of projects, consists WPC02 (Bau, Lundu, Mile 10, Mile 7, Mile 6
& Mile 4 1/2), WPC03 (Serian 1, Serian 2 & Simunjan), WPC04 (Sri Aman), WPC05 (Betong),
WPC06 (Sarikei & Bintangor), WPC07 (Julau & Sibu), WPC08 (Selangau), WPC09 (Bintulu
Airport to Sg Arip), WPC10 (Nyabau, Suai, Niah & Bakun) & WPC11 (Miri Airport, Bekenu,
Beluru & Pujut Link). Contractors involved are:

Samling Group of Companies (via

Samling Resources Sdn Bhd)
Zecon Berhad
Kimlun Corporation Bhd
Naim Holdings Berhad
Gamuda Berhad Endaya Construction
Sdn Bhd
TRC Synergy Berhad
Pembinaan Kuantiti Sdn Bhd
Cahya Mata Sarawak (via PPES Works
(Sarawak) Sdn Bhd (PPESW))
Bina Puri, via Bina Puri Sdn Bhd (BPSB)
Hock Seng Lee Berhad (HSL)
Dhaya Maju Infrastructure (Asia) Sdn
Bhd (DMIA)
Musyati Sdn Bhd
Mudajaya Group Berhad
KKB Engineering Berhad
WCT Holdings Berhad
Shin Yang Group of Companies (via
Pekerjaan Piasau Konkerit Sdn Bhd)
Konsortium KPE Sdn Bhd (a 70:30 JV
company of KACC Construction Sdn
Bhd and Perbena Emas Sdn Bhd)
It was conducted by Lebuhraya Borneo Utara (LBU) Sdn Bhd as a turnkey contractor. Samling
Resources Sdn Bhd and Pekerjaan Piasau Konkerit Sdn Bhd (PPK) takes the two projects,
WPCs 01 & 02 connects Telok Melano and Sg. Moyan & WPC10 Bintulu Airport Junction to
Sg. Tangap + Kick-Off Project Nyabau to Bakun Junction. In January 2019, the first package,
Telok Melano to Sematan was complete and the main contractor, Samling Resources Sdn
Bhd hands the completed road to the government to ease the Telok Melano residents to start
their new trips to Sematan, Lundu, Bau, Kuching and vice versa via KM0.00, Telok Melano and
ends at Sematan Roundabout, which is still in construction in WPC02 which connects
Sematan and Sg. Moyan. The roundabout was included in this project and was nearer to SMK
Sematan. It was launched by Works Minister, Baru Bian and Chief Minister, Abang Johari Tun
Openg. At the same year, the kick-off project (KOP) Nyabau to Bakun Junction was
completed and officially opened at 14 October by the representators of Sarawak Public Works
Department, LBU, state government and the main contractor, Pekerjaan Piasau Konkerit Sdn
Bhd. In 2020, LBU's status as Project Delivery Partner (PDP) was terminated by then Pakatan
Harapan government prior to their collapse and Malaysian Public Works Department or
Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) takes over the project at the same time.

The contractors were divided into different WPCs:

Samling Resources Sdn Bhd - WPC01

Telok Melano to Sematan (TMS)
(32.77 km (20.36 mi)) & WPC02
Sematan to Sg. Moyan (SSM) + KSR
Interchanges (95.43 km (59.30 mi))
Zecon Kimlun JV Consortium Sdn Bhd -
WPC03 Serian Roundabout to Pantu
Junction (SPJ) (75.01 km
(46.61 mi))[22]
Naim Gamuda JV Sdn Bhd - WPC04
Pantu Junction to Batang Skrang (PJS)
(89.43 km (55.57 mi))[23][24]
Endaya - TRC - PK JV Sdn Bhd - WPC05
Batang Skrang to Sg. Awik (SSA)
(67.94 km (42.22 mi))[25]
PPESW BPSB JV Sdn Bhd - WPC06 Sg.
Awik to Bintangor Junction (SAB)
(64.48 km (40.07 mi))[26][27]
HSL DMIA JV Sdn Bhd - WPC07
Bintangor Junction to Sg. Kua Bridge
(BSK) (75.97 km (47.21 mi))[28]
Musyati Mudajaya JV Sdn Bhd - WPC08
Sg. Kua Bridge to Sg. Arip Bridge (SKB)
(63.67 km (39.56 mi))[29][30]
 KKBWCT Joint Venture Sdn Bhd -
WPC09 Sg. Arip Bridge to Bintulu
Airport Junction (ABJ) (64.53 km
(40.10 mi))[31][32]
Pekerjaan Piasau Konkerit Sdn Bhd -
WPC10 Bintulu Airport Junction to Sg.
Tangap (Nyabau Interchange) (BJT)
(77.19 km (47.96 mi)) + Kick-Off
Project (KOP) Nyabau to Bakun
Junction (43 km (27 mi))
Konsortium KPE Sdn Bhd - WPC11 Sg.
Tangap to Pujut Link Road (TPL)
(79.98 km (49.70 mi))
In 2021, the new Durin Bridge's parallel was opened to public, as well as Serian 1 & 2, and Mile
4 1/2 Interchanges, the first flyover to be so. Julau Interchange, one of two flyovers in Sibu,
were opened to public as well as new 4 lane road towards Durin Bridge. In 2022, Nyabau
Interchange, the longest flyover, opened to public. At the same year, Interchanges of Mile 7
and 6 in Kuching, Miri Airport and Pujut Link opened to public as well as new 4 lane road
towards Permyjaya in Miri.
See also

Malaysian Federal Roads system

Portals: Indonesia
Malaysia Roads

References

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(http://www.kkr.gov.my/public/SenaraiJal
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9. Indian Concrete Journal (https://books.go

ogle.com/books?id=gftVAAAAMAAJ) .
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Strategies in East Asia: The Untold Story
(https://books.google.com/books?id=jSV
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13. "Asian Highway Database: AH Network in
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February 2009). "Trans-Kalimantan,
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jalan Pan Borneo RM16b" (https://ww1.ut
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_%26_Sarawak&pg=wb_01.htm) . Utusan
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17. Jack Wong (17 December 2011). "Study
gets underway for proposed upgrading of
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ps://www.thestar.com.my/news/commun
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proposed-upgrading-of-muchmaligned-pa
n-borneo-highway/) . The Star. Retrieved
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18. Angelina Sinyang (1 April 2015). "Pan

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19. "Lebuhraya Pan Borneo Sarawak dijangka
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sepenuhnya menjelang 2025" (https://ww
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21. "Agong, Permaisuri tinjau pembangunan

Lebuhraya Pan Borneo" (https://www.bhar
ian.com.my/berita/nasional/2023/09/114
9000/agong-permaisuri-tinjau-pembangu
nan-lebuhraya-pan-borneo) . Berita Harian
(in Malay). 5 September 2023. Retrieved
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22. "Zecon-Kimlun consortium wins RM1.46b
Pan Borneo Highway project" (http://www.
theedgemarkets.com/article/zecon-kimlu
n-consortium-wins-rm146b-pan-borneo-hi
ghway-project) . The Edge Markets. 10
March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.

23. "Naim-Gamuda JV bags RM1.57b Pan

Borneo Highway package" (http://www.th
eedgemarkets.com/article/naim-gamuda-
jv-bags-rm157b-pan-borneo-highway-pack
age) . The Edge Markets. 28 July 2016.
Retrieved 28 July 2016.

24. "Naim in tie-up with Gamuda" (http://www.

thestar.com.my/business/business-new
s/2018/11/14/naim-in-tieup-with-gamud
a/) . The Star. 14 November 2018.
Retrieved 14 November 2018.
25. "TRC wins RM1.31b Pan Borneo Highway
contract in Sarawak" (http://www.theedge
markets.com/article/trc-wins-rm131b-pan
-borneo-highway-contract-sarawak) . The
Edge Markets. 4 August 2016. Retrieved
4 August 2016.

26. "Cahya Mata-Bina Puri JV clinches

RM1.36 bil Pan Borneo Highway job" (htt
p://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/cah
ya-mata-bina-puri-jv-clinches-rm136-bil-pa
n-borneo-highway-job) . The Edge
Markets. 25 July 2016. Retrieved 25 July
2016.
27. "CMS the big winner in Pan Borneo
Highway project" (http://www.theedgemar
kets.com/article/cms-big-winner-pan-born
eo-highway-project) . The Edge Markets.
2 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February
2016.

28. < "Hock Seng Lee's consortium lands

RM1.7b Pan Borneo highway job" (http://
www.theedgemarkets.com/article/hock-s
eng-lees-consortium-lands-rm17b-pan-bor
neo-highway-job) . The Edge Markets. 18
March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
29. "Mudajaya-Musyati JV wins RM1.33b
contract for Pan Borneo Highway works"
(http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/
mudajaya-musyati-jv-wins-rm133b-contra
ct-pan-borneo-highway-works) . The Edge
Markets. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July
2016.

30. "Musyati Mudajaya JV clocks five million

man-hours LTI" (http://www.theborneopos
t.com/2019/04/17/musyati-mudajaya-jv-c
locks-five-million-man-hours-lti) . The
Borneo Post. 17 April 2019. Retrieved
17 April 2019.
31. "KKB-WCT JV bags RM1.289b Pan Borneo
Highway job" (http://www.theedgemarket
s.com/article/kkb-wct-jv-bags-rm1289b-p
an-borneo-highway-job) . The Edge
Markets. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July
2016.

32. "KKB gains 2.5% after JV with WCT

secured Pan Borneo Highway job" (http://
www.theedgemarkets.com/article/kkb-gai
ns-25-after-jv-wct-secured-pan-borneo-hig
hway-job) . The Edge Markets. 26 July
2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.

External links

Kota Kinabalu to Brunei by land travel

guide from Wikivoyage
Sabah Pan-Borneo Highway (http://sab
ahpanborneo.com/)
Sarawak Pan-Borneo Highway (http://w
ww.panborneo.com.my/)
Sloan, Sean; Campbell, Mason J.;
Alamgir, Mohammed; Lechner, Alex M.;
Engert, Jayden; Laurance, William F.
(18 September 2019). "Trans-national
conservation and infrastructure
development in the Heart of Borneo" (h
ttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic
les/PMC6750574) . PLOS ONE. 14 (9):
e0221947.
Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1421947S (http
s://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PL
oSO..1421947S) .
 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221947 (htt
ps://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0
221947) . PMC 6750574 (https://www.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC67
50574) . PMID 31532810 (https://pub
med.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31532810) .

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