Mitosis and Meiosis.

Complete the table on your Google docs

Starter
Lesson Objective:
To develop an understanding of cell division.

Learning outcomes

be able to describe and compare the role of meiosis and

mitosis in production of different types of cells.

be able to explain the role of mitosis in the production of

stem cells.
 Cell reproduction

An adult human is made up of about 50 billion

cells. That’s 50 000 000 000 000 cells!
However, everyone started as a single cell…

How does one cell become many?

 Mitosis
Mitosis is nuclear division giving rise to
genetically identical cells.
 Role of Mitosis
The cell cycle has a number of
roles in living organisms:
Growth and development: the cell cycle produces new
body cells. An increase in the number of body cells
allows the organism to grow larger in size.

Repair and replacement: new cells produced by the cell

can be used to replace old and damaged cells in an
organism, so that they can continue to function.

Asexual reproduction: Some organisms use the cell cycle

to produce offspring. The new cells produced develop
into independent organisms.
 Mitosis in context
Consider the situations below, in which cell
division is occurring. What is each being used
for?
An embryo developing into a fully formed organism.
Red blood cells wear out and replaced after 120 days.
A wound healing following an injury.
Muscles getting larger as a result of exercise training.

A strawberry plant producing runners, which go on to

form new individual plants.
Growth and development, Repair and replacement, Asexual reproduction
 DNA replication

Before mitosis the cell has to duplicate the

DNA so that each new cell has identical DNA.

When the cell copies its DNA, the left arm of the X
shaped chromosome has the same DNA as the right
arm.
DNA replication
 Mitosis

During mitosis, the copies of chromosomes

separate, maintaining the chromosome number.
Mitosis
 Stem cells
There are some cells that can divide by mitosis
to become many different types of cell.

These cells are not differentiated (specialised)

for a particular function.
 Stem cells
Stem cells are unspecialised cells that divide by
mitosis to produce daughter cells that can
become specialised for specific functions.
 Mitosis
Use p.198-199 and your syllabus to complete the
sentences on the Google docs:
Mitosis is nuclear division giving rise to __________
___________ cells.

Before mitosis the cell has to _____________ the

DNA so that each new cell has ____________ DNA.

During mitosis, the copies of chromosomes

separate, maintaining the ____________ _________.

A stem cell is an ______________ cell that divides by

________ to produce _________ cells that can
become ___________ for specific functions.
 Meiosis
Meiosis is a reduction division in which the
chromosome number is halved from diploid to
haploid resulting in genetically different cells.
Meiosis
 Gamete production
To make gametes, the cell needs to have ½ of
the original number of chromosomes, so that
when fusion takes place during fertilisation, you
get the right number of chromosomes again.
 Meiosis
To make gametes with ½ the original number of
chromosomes, the cells divide by meiosis:

This produces cells

with ½ the original
number of
chromosomes.
Haploid number.

They are genetically

different to the
parent cell
 Meiosis
In humans, meiosis only happens in the
reproductive organs (e.g. ovaries in females and
testes in males) so these are where gametes
are produced.
 Meiosis
Use p.198-199 and your syllabus to answer the
questions on your Google docs:
1. Write the definition for meiosis.
2. What type of cell does meiosis produce?
3. How many chromosomes does the daughter cell have
compare to the parent cell?
4. Does the daughter cell produced from meiosis have a
haploid or diploid number of chromosomes?
5. Does the cell produced from fusion of gametes
during fertilisation (zygote) have a haploid or diploid
number of chromosomes?
6. How do cells made by meiosis compare genetically to
the parent cell?
 Working out the number of chromosomes
Complete the table to show you understand diploid and haploid
numbers of chromosomes.
 Meiosis vs Mitosis

Use p.198-199 to
complete the
table to show you
understand the
difference
between mitosis
and meiosis.