Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Basic Cal Q4 Module 2
Basic Cal Q4 Module 2
BASIC CALCULUS
Quarter 4 – Module 2
The Antiderivative of a Function
Using Substitution Rule
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2: The Antiderivative of a Function Using Substitution Rule
Second Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work
for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) Included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher ownership over them and authors do
not
represent nor claim.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Kimberly Joy S. Yucor
Editors: Ronald G. Tolentino & Gil S. Dael
Reviewer: Littie Beth S. Bernadez
Layout Artist: Radhiya A. Ababon
Management Team:
Rosela R. Abiera
Maricel S. Rasid
Elmar L. Cabrera
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-bystep as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each
SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding
of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
selfcheck your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust
that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
What I Need to Know
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
The module is intended for you to compute the derivative of a function using
substitution rule
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write it on
your activity sheet/notebook.
1. Which of the following is connected to the problem of obtaining the area of a
plane region?
A. Differentiation
C. Exponentiation
B. Integration
D. None of these
2. Which of the following is the reverse process of differentiation?
A. Differentiation
C. Exponentiation
B. Integration
D. None of these
3. Which of the following is the reverse process of chain rule?
A. Addition Rule
C. Substitution Rule
B. Product Rule
D. Division Rule
4. Which of the following is the antiderivative of ∫ 3𝑑𝑥 ?
A. x+C
C. 3x+C
B. 3+C
D. 3x2+C
5. Which of the following is the antiderivative of ∫ 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥?
A. 2x+C
C. x+C
B. 2+C
D. 2x2+C
6. Which of the following denotes substitution rule?
A. ∫ 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑔′(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
B. ∫ 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
C. ∫ 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
D. ∫ 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Lesson
1
∫ 5𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
∫ 1+𝑦2 𝑑𝑦
∫ tan−1 2𝑤 𝑑𝑤
’s In
Task 2
Direction: Observe the different illustrations of antiderivative. Remember your
prior
knowledge in finding the derivative of a function then answer the process questions
provided.
Write your answers in your notebook.
Function
Derivative
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 3
𝑓 ′= 𝟗𝒙𝟐
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = tan 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) =
1
𝑥
𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = sec2 𝑥
2
Antiderivative
∫ 9𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝑪
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝑥
∫ sec2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Process Questions:
1.
2.
’s New
Task 3
Study the given linear properties of the integral and antiderivative of basic
functions. Then,
consider the examples given. After, answer the exercises that follow.
Linear Properties of the Integral
a. ∫ 𝑘𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘 ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥, 𝑘 is a constant
a. ∫[𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
b. ∫[𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
Antiderivative of basic functions
a. ∫ 𝑘 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑛+1
b. ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛+1 + 𝐶, 𝑛 ≠ −1
1
c. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶
d. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑎𝑥
e. ∫ 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑎 + 𝐶
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Examples.
We will apply the linear properties of the integral and antiderivative of basic
functions.
1. ∫ 5 𝑑𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 𝐶
2. ∫(2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 +
𝑥 1+1
1+1
+ 𝐶 = 2𝑥 +
𝑥2
2
+ 𝐶 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝐶
2
3.
𝑥3
𝑥2
) − 4 ( ) + 5𝑥 + 𝐶 = 6𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 𝐶
3
2
∫ 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫(12𝑥 − 5)𝑑𝑥
∫ 3𝑑𝑥
∫(2𝑥 2 + 3)𝑑𝑥
5.)
∫ (5 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
is It
We will now use substitution as a technique in integration.
Substitution Rule
∫ 𝒇[𝒈(𝒙)]𝒈′(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒇(𝒖) 𝒅𝒖
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
function term by term using the power rule. But to obtain the binomial expansion of
(𝑥 + 7)9
is already, by itself, an excruciating task. However, there is a way to obtain the
antiderivative
without performing this expansion. This, we do, by making the appropriate
substitution.
Before we present examples on the substitution rule, first we define the
differential.
Differential
Given a function 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥) which is differentiable on [a,b]. The differential 𝑑𝑢 is
defined as follows
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑔′(𝑥) ∙ 𝑑𝑥
Example 1. Applying substitution rule to ∫(𝒙 + 𝟕)𝟗 𝒅𝒙
Obtain the integral ∫(𝑥 + 7)9 𝑑𝑥 using substitution rule.
Solution
Suppose 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 7, then 𝑔’(𝑥) = 1. If we let 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 7, by definition of
the
differential 𝑢, we get
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑔′(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥.
The original integral takes a new form.
∫(𝑥 + 7)9 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢9 𝑑𝑢
Using the power rule, this is
1
1
(𝑥 + 7)10 + 𝐶] = (𝑥 + 7)9
10
We got it right.
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Example 2. Applying substitution rule on ∫ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔)𝟓 𝒅𝒙
Use substitution rule to integrate ∫ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔)𝟓 𝒅𝒙.
Solution
Choose 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 − 6, because obtaining the differential in 𝑢 gives us the form we
are looking
for. Thus,
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥.
Let us go back to the original expression and see where our substitution fits in.
∫ 3𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 − 6)5 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑥 3 − 6)5 (3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑢5 𝑑𝑢
1
= 6 𝑢6 + 𝐶 = 6 (𝑥 3 − 6)6 + 𝐶
Example 3. Applying substitution rule to ∫ 𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Use substitution rule to find ∫ 𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
Solution
Let 𝑢 = cos 𝑥, then
𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ⟺ −𝑑𝑢 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
Make the substitution
∫ 𝑒 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 (−𝑑𝑢) = − ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= −𝑒 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶.
If you want to check if this answer is right, all you have to do is obtain the
derivative
of the antiderivative. Check it out yourself.
Most students who are new to integral calculus are often lost about which
substitution
to make. They would be more than happy to know if there is a rule of thumb about
how to do
the substitution. The reply to this request would surely disappoint you. There is
no rule of
thumb for substitution rule. What will help you here is your familiarity with
differentiation
formulas. If you know a lot of them, that will be a big help. To test if your
choice of 𝑢 is
correct, you will have to obtain 𝑑𝑢 and check if your choice of 𝑢 and the resulting
𝑑𝑢 fit the
integrand you are working on. Solve more exercises on this module. It is your
familiarity
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
with derivatives and the time you spend using substitution rule which will make
integration
easier.
’s More
Task 4
Direction: Find the antiderivatives of the following functions using substitution
rule. Write
your answer with its corresponding solution in your notebook.
1. ∫(5𝑥 + 4)5 𝑑𝑥
2. ∫ 3𝑡 2 (𝑡 3 + 4)5 𝑑𝑡
3. ∫ √4𝑥 − 5𝑑𝑥
I Have Learned
Task 5
Direction: In your notebook, complete the following statements.
1.
I have learned that __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
2.
I have realized that __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
3.
I will apply what I have learned ______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
I Can Do
Task 6
Direction: Find the antiderivative given the function ∫(5𝑥 + 2)7 𝑑𝑥 and its
corresponding
solution.
1
1
∫(5𝑥 + 2)7 ∙ 5 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢7 𝑑𝑢.
5
5
1
(𝑢)7 𝑑𝑢 = _________? __________
5
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Direction: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write it on
your notebook.
C. 12 (5 + 2𝑥 2 )4 + 𝐶
1
8
D.
A. (5 + 2𝑥 2 )4 + 𝐶
B. (5 + 2𝑥 2 )4 + 𝐶
1
(5 + 2𝑥 2 )4 + 𝐶
16
A. 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
B. 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
C. 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
D. 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
C. 2 (2𝑥 + 1) ⁄2 + 𝐶
2
3
D. 4 (2𝑥 + 1) ⁄2 + 𝐶
A. 3 (2𝑥 + 1) ⁄2 + 𝐶
B. 3 (2𝑥 + 1) ⁄2 + 𝐶
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
10
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
References
Abbott,
C. n.d. "Carolyn R.
https://bit.ly/31YDFNu.
Abbott."
http://www.carolynrabbott.com/.
Accessed
2021.
Arceo, C., Lemence, R. 2016. Basic Calculus Teaching Guide for Senior High School.
Quezon City:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).
2020. https://www.mathsisfun.com/. Accessed 2021. https://bit.ly/3np8WR1.
Reyes, J. 2016. Basic Calculus. Jumczville Publications.
11
NegOr_Q4_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net