Climate change made 2023 Amazon drought 30
times more likely, scientists say
p /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nə/ something that exists and
henomenon can be seen, felt, tasted,
etc., especially something
unusual or interesting
e /ɪˌvæp.ə the process of
vaporation ˈreɪ.ʃən/ a liquid changing to
a gas, especially by heatin
g
d /draʊt/ a long period when there
rought is little or no rain
h /ˈhiːtˌweɪv/ a period of time such as a
eatwaves few weeks when
the weather is
much hotter than usual
w /ˌwaɪdˈspred/ existing or happening in
idespread many places and/or
among many people
i /ˌɪn.dɪ not showing careful choic
ndiscrimina ˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət/ e or planning, especially s
te o that harm results
d /diːˌfɒr.ɪ the cutting down
eforestation ˈsteɪ.ʃən/ of trees in a large area, or
the destruction of forests
by people
I /ɪnˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.nəs/ used to refer to,
ndigenous or relating to,
the people who originally
lived in
a place, rather than people
who moved there
from somewhere else
e /ˈiː.kəʊ all the living things in
cosystem ˌsɪs.təm/ an area and the way
they affect each other and
the environment
m /mɔːˈtæl.ə.ti/ the number of deaths wit
ortality hin
There's evidence to suggest th
at child abuse is not just
a recent phenomenon
Ice cover prevents evaporatio
n of water from the lake surface
This year (a) severe drought
has ruined the crops.
Meteorologists are
unanimous: we can expect
more heatwaves
There are reports of
widespread flooding in norther
n France.
an
indiscriminate terrorist attack o
n civilians
Deforestation
is destroying large areas of trop
ical rain forest.
The
indigenous population has long
suffered exclusion and profoun
d injustice
Pollution can
have disastrous effects on
the delicately balanced ecosyste
m.
Infant mortality is
much higher in
 a particular society and the poorest areas of the city
within
a particular period of time
f /ˈfiːld.wɜːk/ the testing of scientific th They had to go to Africa to
ieldwork eories in real situations do their fieldwork.
a /ə to collect a large number The company said
ccumulate ˈkjuː.mjə.leɪt/ of things over the debt was accumulated
a long period of time during its acquisition of
nine individual businesses.
f /ˈfræk.ʃən/ a number that results fro ¼ and 0.25 are
raction m dividing one whole nu different ways of representing t
mber by another he same fraction
s /səˈsep.tə.bəl/ easily influenced or harm hese plants are particularly su
usceptible ed by something sceptible to frost.
w /ˌwaɪdˈspred/ existing or happening in There are reports of
idespread many places and/or widespread flooding in norther
among many people n France

What Are the Effects of a Tsunami?

Tsunami /tsuːˈnɑː.mi/ an extremely large wave cau She left the area after
sed by she lost her house and
a violent movement of her family in the tsunami
the earth under the sea
devastatin / causing a lot If
g ˈdev.ə.steɪ.tɪŋ/ of damage or destruction the bomb had exploded in
the main shopping area, it
would have been
devastating
shoreline /ˈʃɔː.laɪn/ the edge of a sea, lake, Oil from
or wide river the wrecked tanker pollut
ed more than 40 miles of
the Normandy shoreline.
ordeal /ɔːˈdɪəl/ a The hostages' ordeal came
very unpleasant and painful to an end
or difficult experience when soldiers stormed the
building.

infrastruct /ˈɪn.frə the basic systems and service The war has badly damag
ure ˌstrʌk.tʃər/ s, such ed the country's
as transport and power suppli infrastructure.
es, that
a country or organization use
 s in order to work effectively
sheer /ʃɪər/ used to emphasize how very It was
great, important, or powerful
sheer coincidence that
a quality or feeling is we met.
seismic /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/ having very great and The news that
usually damaging effects the chairman would resig
n set off seismic waves in
the business community.
electrocute /i to kill someone He was electrocuted when
d ˈlek.trə.kjuːt/ by causing electricity to flow he touched the bare wires.
through their body
stagnant /ˈstæɡ.nənt/ (of water or air) Hot,
not flowing or moving, stagnant air filled the sub
and smelling unpleasant way.
contaminat /kən poisonous or not pure contaminated
ed ˈtæm.ɪ.neɪ.tɪd/ water People need
to stop drinking the
contaminated water.
subsided /səbˈsaɪd/ If a condition subsides, The police are hoping that
it becomes less strong or extr the violence will soon sub
eme side
operation /ˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/ the fact of operating or There are
being active several reactors of
the type in operation (= w
orking) at the moment.
Debris /ˈdeb.riː/ broken or torn pieces of Debris from
something larger the aircraft was scattered
over a large area
post- /ˌpəʊst.trɔː a mental condition in which After the earthquake,
traumatic ˌmæt.ɪk a person suffers severe anxie many victims suffered
ˈstres.dɪ ty and depression after a post-trauma
ˌsɔː.dər/ very frightening or shocking
experience, such as
an accident or a war
disorder /dɪˈsɔː.dər/ a state of untidiness or lack o The whole office was in
f organization a state of disorder.
How the Turkey-Syria earthquakes
altered the Earth
devastating /ˈdev.ə.steɪ.tɪŋ/ causing a lot If
of damage or destruct the bomb had exploded in
 ion the main shopping area, it
would have been
devastating.
reservoirs /ˈrez.ə.vwɑːr/ a place for storing The universities constitute
liquid, especially a a
natural or artificial reservoir of expert knowl
lake providing water edge.
for a city or other
area
seismologist /saɪzˈmɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ someone who studies Seismologists said the
the sudden, violent epicenter of the quake was
movements of the 5.5 miles below the Indian
earth connected with Ocean off the west coast
earthquakes of Sumatra
constellation /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/ a group of stars in the The name given to a star
sky that appear to or constellation taken as a
form a pattern and mark to steer by was
that have a name "kaweinga"
displacemen /dɪˈspleɪs.mənt/ the situation in which The recent famine in these
t people are forced to parts has caused the
leave the place where displacement of tens of
they normally live thousands of people.
reverberatin /rɪˈvɜː.bər.eɪt/ If a loud, deep sound The narrow street
g reverberates, it reverberate with the sound
continues to be heard of the workmen's drills.
around an area, so
that the area seems to
shake
seismicity /ˌsaɪzˈmɪs.ə.ti/ The seismicity Seismicity is monitored
of earthquakes carefully at the mine.
destabilizati /diːˌsteɪ.bəl.aɪ the action of making Major markets were
on ˈzeɪ.ʃən/ a government, area, affected by political
or political group lose destabilization.
power or control, or
making a political or
economic situation
less strong or safe, by
causing changes and
problems
topographic /təˈpɒɡ.rə.fi/ the physical Volcanoes have sculpted
appearance of the the topography of the
natural features of an island.
area of land,
 especially the shape
of its surface
friction /ˈfrɪk.ʃən/ the force that makes When you rub your hands
it difficult for one together the friction
object to slide along produces heat.
the surface of another
or to move through a
liquid or gas
detect /dɪˈtekt/ to discover High levels of lead were
something, usually detected in the
using special atmosphere.
equipment
potential /pəˈten.ʃəl/ possible when the Many potential customers
necessary conditions are waiting for a fall in
exist prices before buying.
scrutiny /ˈskruː.tɪ.ni/ the careful and the government's record
detailed examination will be subjected to under
of something in order close scrutiny in the weeks
to get information before the election.
about it
human physical or mental The war will cause
suffering pain that a person or widespread human
animal is feeling suffering.
rescue an activity that is The rescue operation has
operations planned to achieve been complicated by bad
something weather.