VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590014

A Project Work Phase-1 Report

on
“Smart attendance system using Face recognition”
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering
in
Information Science and Engineering
Submitted By
USN 1DT20IS076 Name : Revathi A M
USN 1DT20IS083 Name : Samarth N
USN 1DT20IS088 Name : Shashank Y
USN 1DT20IS108 Name : Thejas Pandith

Under the guidance of

Dr . JT Thirukrishna
Associate professor/ISE

Dept. of Information Science and Engineering

DSATM, Bangalore.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE and ENGINEERING

DAYANANDA SAGAR ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY and MANAGEMENT
Udayapura, Kanakapura Main Road, Opp. Art of Living, Bengaluru-82

2023-2024
DAYANANDA SAGAR ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
(Accrediated by NAAC with A+ Grade)
Udayapura, Kanakapura Main Road, Opp. Art of Living, Bengaluru-560082
(Accredited 3 years by NBA, New Delhi)
Department of Information Science and Engineering
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work phase-1 report entitled “Smart attendance system
using Face recognition” is a bonafide work carried out by Revathi A M (1DT20IS076),
Smarth N(1DT20IS083), Shashank Y(1DT20IS088), Thejas Pandith(1DT20IS108) in the
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree in Bachelor of Engineering
in Information Science and Engineering in college Dayananda sagar academy of
technology and management for Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi,forthe
year 2023-2024. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal
assessment have been incorporated in the report. This report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for Bachelor of
Engineering Degree.

Project Guide Dr. Nandini Prasad K S

Dr. JT Thirukrishna Dean-Foreign Affairs & HOD -ISE
Assistant professor DSATM
Dept. of ISE
 ABSTRACT

To maintain a discipline and let students grasp utmost knowledge in schools, colleges and
universities the attendance system was introduced. Smart Attendance using Real-Time Face
Recognition is a real-world solution which comes with day to day activities of handling student
attendance system. Face recognition-based attendance system is a process of recognizing the
students face for taking attendance by using face biometrics based on high - definition monitor
video and other information technology. In our face recognition project a computer system will
be able to find and recognize human faces fast and precisely in images or videos that are being
captured through a surveillance camera. Automated Attendance System using Face
Recognition proposes that the system is based on face detection and recognition algorithms,
which is used to automatically detects the student face when he/she enters the class and the
system is capable to marks the attendance by recognizing him. The system will use a camera
to capture the face of each person and match it with the database to identify them. The system
will store attendance records for each person in an Excel file and generates a report. Attendance
is prime important for both the teacher and student of an educational organization. So it is very
important to keep record of the attendance. The problem arises when we think about the
traditional process of taking attendance in class room. Calling name or roll number of the
student for attendance is not only a problem of time consumption but also it needs energy. So
an automatic attendance system can solve all above problems. There are some automatic
attendances making system which are currently used by much institution. One of such system
is biometric technique and RFID system. Although it is automatic and a step ahead of
traditional method it fails to meet the time constraint. The student has to wait in queue for
giving attendance, which is time taking. The FRSAS employs state-of-the-art facial recognition
algorithms to accurately identify and authenticate individuals based on unique facial features.
By utilizing high-resolution cameras and advanced image processing techniques, the system
captures and analyzes facial biometrics in real-time, ensuring a rapid and reliable identification
process. This eliminates the need for manual attendance tracking methods such as paper-based
registers or card-swiping systems.
 CONTENTS

Chapter Description Page No.

1 Introduction 1-2

2 Problem Statement 3

3 Literature Survey 4-6

4 Existing System and Proposed System 7-8

5 Objectives 9

6 Methodology 10-11

7 12
Gantt Chart

8 13-14
Conclusion and Future work

9 15-19
References
Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
In colleges, universities, organizations, schools, and offices, taking attendance is one of the
most important tasks that must be done on a daily basis. The majority of the time, it is done
manually, such as by calling by name or by roll number. The main goal of this project is to
create a Face Recognition-based attendance system that will turn this manual process into an
automated one. This project meets the requirements for bringing modernization to the way
attendance is handled, as well as the criteria for time management. This device is installed in
the classroom, where and student's information, such as name, roll number, class, sec, and
photographs, is trained. The images are extracted using Open CV. Before the start of the
corresponding class, the student can approach the machine, which will begin taking pictures
and comparing them to the qualified dataset. Logitech C270 web camera and NVIDIA Jetson
Nano Developer kit were used in this project as the camera and processing board.

The image is processed as follows: first, faces are identified using a Haarcascade classifier,
then faces are recognized using the LBPH (Local Binary Pattern Histogram) Algorithm,
histogram data is checked against an established dataset, and the device automatically labels
attendance. An Excel sheet is developed, and it is updated every hour with the information
from the respective class instructor. Our research presents an innovative approach to
streamline attendance management through the integration of facial recognition technology.
Traditional methods of manual attendance tracking are time-consuming and prone to errors.

The proposed system leverages advanced facial recognition algorithms to accurately and
efficiently identify individuals, automating the attendance process. The system employs a
multi-step process, beginning with face detection and feature extraction. Facial landmarks
and unique characteristics are analyzed to create a distinct facial template for each individual.
During the attendance session, the system captures real-time images of participants, compares
them with the pre-existing templates, and verifies identities. This process ensures high
accuracy and minimizes the risk of false identifications. A smart attendance system is very
crucial and important for any kind of business. A good and efficient attendance system helps
in monitoring the punctuality of employees and managing the absence of people. A smart
attendance system enables setting up the attendance workflows and maintaining a proper

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 1

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

validation of employee time-sheets. A smart attendance system is very crucial and important
for any kind of business. A good and efficient attendance system helps in monitoring the
punctuality of employees and managing the absence of people. A smart attendance system
enables setting up the attendance workflows and maintaining a proper validation of employee
time-sheets.

The management of the attendance can be a great burden on the teachers if it is done by hand.
To resolve this problem, smart and auto attendance management system is being utilized. By
utilizing this framework, the problem of proxies and students being marked present even
though they are not physically present can easily be solved. This system marks the attendance
using live video stream. The frames are extracted from video using OpenCV. The main
implementation steps used in this type of system are face detection and recognizing the
detected face, for which lib is used. After these, the connection of recognized faces ought to
be conceivable by comparing with the database containing student's faces. This model will
be a successful technique to manage the attendance of students. Every organization requires
a robust and stable system to record the attendance of their students. and every organization
have their own method to do so, some are taking attendance manually with a sheet of paper
by calling their names during lecture hours and some have adopted biometrics system such
as fingerprint, RFID card reader, Iris system to mark the attendance.

The conventional method of calling the names of students manually is time consuming event.
The RFID card system, each student assigns a card with their corresponding identity but there
is chance of card loss or unauthorized person may misuse the card for fake attendance. While
in other biometrics such as finger print, iris or voice recognition. Use of face recognition for
the purpose of attendance marking is the smart way of attendance management system. Face
recognition is more accurate and faster technique among other techniques and reduces chance
of proxy attendance. Face recognition provide passive identification that is a person which is
to be identified does not to need to take any action for its identity Face recognition involves
two steps, first step involves the detection of faces and second step consist of identification
of those detected face images with the existing database. There are number of face detection
and recognition methods introduced. Face recognition works either in form of appearance
based which covers the features of whole face or feature based which covers the geometric
feature like eyes, nose, eye brows, and cheeks to recognize the face.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 2

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

CHAPTER 2

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Attendance monitoring is an important part of daily classroom evaluation. At the beginning

and ending of class, it is usually checked by the teacher, but it may appear that a teacher may
miss someone or some students answer multiple times

In biometrics, basic traits of human are matched to the existing data. Facial features are
extracted and implemented through algorithms, which are efficient and some modifications
are done to improve the existing algorithm models. Computers that detect and recognize faces
could be applied to a wide variety of practical applications including criminal identification,
security systems, identity verification etc.

The concept of face recognition is to give a computer system the ability of finding and
recognizing human faces fast and precisely in images or videos. Numerous algorithms and
techniques have been developed for improving the performance of face recognition. Recently
Deep learning has been highly explored for computer vision applications. Human brain can
automatically and instantly detect and recognize multiple faces. But when it comes to
computer, it is very difficult to do all the challenging tasks on the level of human brain. The
face recognition is an integral part of biometrics.

 Spoofing
 Illumination
 Pose invariance
 Aging
 Occlusion

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 3

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

CHAPTER 3

LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] H. Li, K. Ota, and M. Dong, ‘‘Learning IoT in edge: Deep learning for the Internet of
Things with edge computing,’’ IEEE Netw., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 96–101, Jan./Feb. 2022

This paper reports An Attendance and Security System Integrating Face and Biometric
Recognition with RFID and Arduino Technology The paper introduces a novel employee
attendance and security system that combines face recognition and biometric technology with
Smart RFID cards using Arduino. It focuses on integrating RFID-based attendance with face
recognition for individual employees, enhancing security through the addition of fingerprint
authentication. The system includes an audio welcome message upon valid employee
attendance registration and introduces audio alerts and a sound alarm for unauthorized entry
.

[2] W. Shi, J. Cao, Q. Zhang, Y. Li, and L. Xu, ‘‘Edge computing: Vision and challenges,’’
IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 637–646, Oct. 2021.

Attendance System based on face recognition, this paper aimed to revolutionize attendance
systems in educational institutions like schools and colleges, addressing the drawbacks of
manual attendance such as cost, potential for falsification, and inconsistent accuracy. It
highlighted the limitations of traditional face recognition methods and advocated for the
integration of biometric and face recognition technologies. The proposed solution focused on
leveraging face recognition techniques to streamline attendance processes, utilizing images
captured by cameras or CCTV systems within educational settings. It emphasized process
and working of attendance system based on face. Initial step of detecting faces by analysing
various facial features like eyes, nose, mouth, and hair, accommodating different facial poses
in images. The paper discussed several face detection methods, including AdaBoast, SQMT,
LBP, and SNOW classifier methods, followed by the application of face recognition
techniques such as Histogram of Oriented Optimizing Moodle quizzes for online
assessments.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 4

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

Higher education makes extensive use of computer-assisted learning management systems

(LMSs), which are seen to be advantageous when switching from traditional face-to-face
instruction to fully online courses.

[3] Y. Taigman, M. Yang, M. Ranzato, and L. Wolf, ‘‘Deep Face: Closing the gap to human-
level performance in face verification,’’ in Proc. IEEE Conf. compute. Vis. Pattern
Recognition., Jun. 2020, pp. 1701–1708.

Initial step of detecting faces by analysing various facial features like eyes, nose, mouth, and
hair, accommodating different facial poses in images. The paper discussed several face
detection methods, including AdaBoast, SQMT, LBP, and SNOW classifier methods,
followed by the application of face recognition techniques such as Histogram of Oriented
Gradient features (HOG) and Haar Cascade features once a face was successfully detected
recognition by using method:

• Histogram of Oriented Gradient features (HOG),

• Haar Cascade features.

[4] J. Sivic, M. Everingham, and A. Zisserman, ‘‘Person spotting: Video shot retrieval for
face sets,’’ in Proc. CIVR, 2019, pp. 226–236.

Classroom Attendance System using Face recognition • The fundamental principle

underlying face recognition is image processing, which comes in two forms: Analog
processing is employed for hard copies like photographs and printouts, while digital
processing manipulates digital image content through a computer (PC). Attendance systems
typically fall into two categories: Manual Attendance Systems and Automated Attendance
Systems. • Manual attendance systems present numerous challenges, such as the need to
manage papers and manually mark attendance with a pen every day, making it labour-
intensive and time-consuming. The shortcomings of manual systems are overcome by
automated attendance systems, which aim to capture images or videos of students' faces, their
positions, and attendance status.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 5

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

[5] D. Chen, X. Cao, L. Wang, F. Wen, and J. Sun, ‘‘Bayesian face revisited: A joint
formulation,’’ in Proc. Eur. Conf. Comput. Vis., Berlin, Germany: Springer, Oct. 2012, pp. 566–
579.

Convolutional Neural Networks in conjunction with Edge technology to enhance efficiency

and accuracy. Advanced computing techniques have been instrumental in achieving cutting-
edge results. Our system successfully identified 30 out of 35 faces detected, showcasing a
commendable accuracy rate. However, further improvements could be attained by capturing
clearer images of students. Despite achieving higher accuracy, the primary limitation lies in
distance. As the distance increases, image clarity diminishes, leading to occasional false
results, particularly on blurry faces. The system functions optimally when pictures are taken
from around 20–25 feet. Nevertheless, the current outcomes are incredibly promising and
encouraging. To enhance data latency and response time between devices, we've
implemented edge computing techniques.

[6] K. Simonyan, O. M. Parkhi, A. Vedaldi, and A. Zisserman, ‘‘Fisher vector faces in the
wild,’’ in Proc. BMVC, 2013, p. 4.

This system is designed to revolutionize attendance management across various domains:

schools, colleges, organizations, institutions, and companies. By capturing live images
through cameras and employing advanced face detection and recognition techniques, it aims
to streamline and modernize traditional attendance processes. Our solution involves creating
an interface to generate a dataset, training images using Haar Cascade and AdaBoost
classifiers. Once training is complete, the system effectively identifies and distinguishes
between faces and non-faces. Matching stored images with captured ones automatically
updates the attendance sheet with the respective time and date, providing faculty members
with a convenient way to monitor students' arrival times. Additionally, the paper proposes an
innovative algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for face detection and
recognition, showcasing superior performance compared to traditional methods.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 6

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

CHAPTER 4

EXISTING SYSTEM AND PROPOSED SYSTEM

Existing System:

Attendance management system utilizes computer vision algorithms to detect and recognize
faces from images or video streams. Matches detected faces against a pre-existing database
of authorized individuals. Stores a record of attendance data in a centralized database.
Captures timestamps and associates them with recognized faces. Provides a user interface for
administrators to manage the system, add or remove users, and review attendance records.
Notifications which may include notifications (e.g., e-mails, alerts) to inform administrators
or individuals about attendance events. Security Measures: Implements security measures to
protect the facial recognition data and attendance records.

Proposed System:

Proposed face recognition attendance system aims to streamline and enhance the traditional
attendance tracking process by leveraging advanced facial recognition technology. This
system involves the use of cameras to capture facial images of individuals as they enter a
designated area, such as a classroom or workplace. The collected facial data is then processed
using sophisticated algorithms that analyze unique facial features, creating a digital signature
or template for each individual. During subsequent attendance checks, the system compares
the real-time facial images with the stored templates to accurately identify and verify
individuals.

This technology offers several advantages over traditional attendance methods. Firstly, it
eliminates the need for physical attendance sheets or cards, reducing the likelihood of errors
and promoting efficiency. Moreover, the face recognition system provides real-time data,
allowing for instant tracking of attendance and enabling prompt action in case of
discrepancies. Additionally, the system enhances security by ensuring that only authorized
individuals gain access to the designated area.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 7

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

To address privacy concerns, it's essential to implement robust data protection measures, such
as encryption and secure storage of facial templates. Clear communication and obtaining
consent from individuals involved will also be crucial in ensuring the ethical use of this
technology. Overall, the proposed face recognition attendance system promises to
revolutionize attendance tracking, offering a more accurate, efficient, and secure solution for
various educational and organizational settings.

Advantage of the proposed system may followed by,

The system that provides a Real-time monitoring of attendance, allowing administrators to

track attendance as it happens.

Mobile Accessibility: Develop a mobile application to enable users to check their attendance,
receive notifications, and administrators to manage the system remotely.

Integration with HR Systems: Integrate the attendance system with HR software for
seamless payroll processing and attendance reporting. Multi-Modal Biometrics: Explore the
integration of additional biometric modalities (e.g., fingerprint, iris scan) for multi-modal
authentication to enhance accuracy and security.

Machine Learning for Continuous Improvement: Implement machine learning algorithms

to continuously improve the face recognition accuracy by adapting to changes in appearance
over time. Privacy Controls: Integrate robust privacy controls and compliance features to
address concerns related to data protection and privacy regulations.

Customizable Reporting: Allow administrators to generate customizable reports based on

attendance data for analysis and decision-making. Automated Alerts for Anomalies: Set up
automated alerts for unusual attendance patterns or anomalies, which may indicate potential
issues such as buddy punching.

Scalability: Design the system to be scalable to accommodate the addition of new users and
expanding usage requirements.

Facial Expression Analysis: Consider adding facial expression analysis to gauge employee
engagement or emotional well-being.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 8

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

CHAPTER 5

OBJECTIVES

The primary objectives of implementing face recognition using smart attendance system
which provides the enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and security. At first, face recognition
eliminates the need for manual attendance tracking, streamlining the process and saving
valuable time for both students and employees. This technology ensures swift and automated
identification, significantly reducing the chances of errors associated with traditional
methods.

Secondly, by leveraging facial biometrics, the system preventing instances of proxy

attendance or fraudulent activities. This promotes a fair and reliable attendance recording
mechanism. Additionally, face recognition adds a layer of security by uniquely identifying
individuals based on facial features, making it difficult for unauthorized access.

Furthermore, the integration of face recognition in attendance systems contributes to a

contactless experience, especially crucial in health-conscious environments. It minimizes
physical contact with devices and reduces the risk of spreading illnesses. Overall, the
objectives encompass efficiency gains, accuracy improvement, fraud prevention, enhanced
security, and the promotion of a healthier and technologically advanced attendance tracking
environment.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 9

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

CHAPTER 6

METHODOLOGY
Our research presents an innovative approach to streamline attendance management through
the integration of facial recognition technology. Traditional methods of manual attendance
tracking are time-consuming and prone to errors. The proposed system leverages advanced
facial recognition algorithms makes accurately and efficiently identify individuals,
automating the attendance process.

The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) for a face recognition smart attendance
system involves a systematic progression through several key phases. The initiation phase
kicks off with a comprehensive analysis of requirements, identifying the specific needs and
objectives of the attendance system. This is followed by a detailed planning stage, where
project scope, timelines, and resource allocation are defined. The design phase focuses on
creating a blueprint for the face recognition system, encompassing both the user interface and
the underlying architecture. Developers then move to the implementation phase, where the
actual coding and programming take place. Integration of the face recognition algorithm and
database management is a critical aspect during this stage.

Subsequently, the system undergoes rigorous testing to identify and rectify any bugs or
inconsistencies. The testing phase involves unit testing, integration testing, and system testing
to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the face recognition technology. Once testing is
successful, the system transitions to deployment, where it is made accessible to end-users.

Post-deployment, the maintenance phase becomes crucial for ongoing support, updates, and
addressing any issues that may arise. Continuous improvement and adaptation to emerging
technologies ensure the face recognition smart attendance system remains effective and
resilient throughout its lifecycle. This structured SDLC approach ensures a robust and reliable
solution that meets the evolving needs of attendance tracking with facial recognition
technology.

Define Requirements: Identify the specific requirements of your attendance system.

Determine the number of users, expected attendance load, and any specific features needed.

Hardware Setup : Choose appropriate hardware components, such as cameras, for capturing
facial images. Ensure that the hardware is compatible with your system requirements.

Face Detection: Implement a face detection algorithm to locate and extract faces from images
or video streams. OpenCV is a popular library for this task.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 10

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

Feature Extraction: Use a face recognition library (e.g., OpenCV, dlib, or FaceNet) to extract
facial features from the detected faces. This step involves creating a unique representation of
each face.

Database Setup: Set up a database to store facial features along with user information. This
database will be used to match faces during the recognition process.

User Enrollment: Develop a user enrollment system where individuals' facial features are
captured and stored in the database along with their identification details.

Face Recognition: Implement the face recognition algorithm to compare the captured facial
features with those stored in the database. This step determines the identity of the person.

Attendance Logging: Upon successful face recognition, log the attendance of the recognized
individual. Record the timestamp and any relevant information in your attendance database.

User Interface: Create a user interface for administrators and users to interact with the system.
This may include features for enrollment, monitoring attendance, and generating reports.

Integration with Time and Attendance Systems: Integrate your face recognition system with
time and attendance tracking mechanisms to ensure accurate recording of work hours.

Security Measures: Implement security measures to protect the system from unauthorized
access. This may include encryption of data, secure communication protocols, and access
controls.

Testing and Evaluation: Thoroughly test the system in different scenarios and conditions to
ensure its accuracy, reliability, and performance. Conduct user acceptance testing with
stakeholders.

Optimization and Fine-Tuning: Analyze the performance of your system and make necessary
optimizations. This may involve adjusting parameters, improving algorithms, or upgrading
hardware.

Documentation: Create comprehensive documentation for your smart attendance system.

Include installation instructions, user manuals, and technical documentation for future
reference.

Deployment: Deploy the system in the target environment, and provide training and support
for end-users and administrators.

Maintenance and Updates:Establish a plan for ongoing maintenance and updates. Regularly
check for system performance, security vulnerabilities, and compatibility with new hardware
or software components

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 11

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

CHAPTER 7
GANTT CHART

Fig 1: Gantt chart

Fig 7.1: Project Management Timelines

Project started in the first week of October 2023. The requirements are essential for
developing the project were collected in month of November 2023. The Literature Survey
carried out for a month (end of November and December 2023). Design and Implementation
is planned in the month of January and Feb. 2024. Also the functionalities required for
developing smart attendance system using face recognition identified and utilized. Testing
and Debugging of project will be done in the month of March 2024. Atlast, in the month of
April 2024 the project will be deploy and maintenance assigned.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 12

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

In conclusion, Face recognition systems are part of facial image processing applications and
their significance as a research area are increasing recently. Implementations of system are
crime prevention, video surveillance, person verification, and similar security activities. The
face recognition system implementation can be part of Universities. Face Recognition Based
Attendance System has been envisioned for the purpose of reducing the errors that occur in
the traditional (manual) attendance taking system. This is to automate and make a system that
is useful to the organization such as an institute.

The efficient and accurate method of attendance in the office environment that can replace
the old manual methods. This method is secure enough, reliable and available for use.
Proposed algorithm is capable of detect multiple faces, and performance of system has
acceptable good results. This system is designed to revolutionize attendance management
across various domains: schools, colleges, organizations, institutions, and companies. By
capturing live images through cameras and employing advanced face detection and
recognition techniques, it aims to streamline and modernize traditional attendance processes.

Our solution involves creating an interface to generate a dataset, training images using Haar
Cascade and AdaBoost classifiers. Once training is complete, the system effectively identifies
and distinguishes between faces and non-faces. Matching stored images with captured ones
automatically updates the attendance sheet with the respective time and date, providing
faculty members with a convenient way to monitor students' arrival times. Additionally, the
paper proposes an innovative algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for
face detection and recognition, showcasing superior performance compared to traditional
methods.

Looking ahead, future developments in face recognition technology for smart attendance
systems are poised to bring about even more sophisticated and versatile functionalities.
Researchers and engineers are actively exploring advancements such as emotion recognition,
which could enable systems to gauge the emotional states of individuals, offering valuable
insights into well-being and engagement. Additionally, ongoing efforts focus on improving

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 13

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

facial recognition algorithms to accommodate diverse demographics and challenging

environmental conditions, ensuring inclusivity and robust performance.

Integration with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is another avenue for
future exploration. This could lead to systems that continuously adapt and optimize their
performance based on evolving patterns and user interactions, enhancing overall accuracy
and efficiency. Moreover, the incorporation of biometric fusion, combining facial recognition
with other biometric modalities, holds promise for even more robust identity verification.

As the technology evolves, ethical considerations and privacy safeguards will likely become
increasingly paramount. Striking a balance between technological innovation and protecting
individual privacy will be crucial for widespread acceptance and responsible deployment of
face recognition in attendance systems. Overall, the future of face recognition in smart
attendance systems is poised for dynamic growth, with a focus on advancing capabilities,
ensuring inclusivity, and addressing ethical considerations.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 14

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

CHAPTER 9

REFERENCES
1. J. D. W. S. Souza, S. Jothi, and A. Chandrasekar, “Automated Attendance Marking
and Management System by Facial Recognition Using Histogram,” in 2019
5th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems,
ICACCS 2023, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ICACCS.2019.8728399.
2. Ojala, Timo, Matti Pietikainen, and Topi Maenpaa. “ Multiresolution gray-scale and
rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns .” IEEE
Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 24.7 (2022): 971–987.
3. T. V. Dang and N. T. Bui, “Research and Design Obstacle Avoidance Strategy for
Indoor Autonomous Mobile Robot using Monocular Camera,” J. Adv. Transp., 2022.

4. T,Ahonen, Timo, Abdenour Hadid, and Matti Pietikäinen. “ Face recognition with
local binary patterns .” Computer vision-eccv 2004 (2021): 469–481.

5. J. D. W. S. Souza, S. Jothi, and A. Chandrasekar, “Automated Attendance Marking

and Management System by Facial Recognition Using Histogram,” in 2019 5th
International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems.
ICACCS 2019, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICACCS.2019.8728399
6. M. A. J. Hameed, “Android-based Smart Student Attendance System,” Int. Res. J.
Eng. Technol., vol. 12, pp. 2356–2395, 2017
7. E. Varadharajan, R. Dharani, S. Jeevitha, B. Kavinmathi, and S. Hemalatha,
“Automatic Attendance Management System using Face Detection,” in 2016 Online
international conference on green engineering and technologies, 2016.
8. O. Godswill, O. Osas, O. Anderson, I. Oseikhuemen, and O. Etse, “Automated
Student Attendance Management System using Face Recognition,” Int. J. Educ. Res.
Inf. Sci., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 31–37, 2018.
9. F. Susanto, F. Fauziah, and A. Andrianingsih, “Lecturer Attendance System using
Face Recognition Application an Android-Based,” J. Comput. Networks, Archit.
High Perform. Comput., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 167– 173, 2021, doi:
10.47709/cnahpc.v3i2.981.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 15

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

10. V. Hava, S. Kale, A. Bairagi, C. Prasad, S. Chatterjee, and A. Varghese, “Free &
Generic Facial Attendance System using Android,” Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., vol.
06, no. 09, p. 6, 2019
11. D. M. V. Salac, “PRESENT: An Android-Based Class Attendance Monitoring
System Using Face Recognition Technology,” Int. J. Comput. Sci. Res., vol. 2, no.
3, pp. 102–115, 2018, doi: 10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.28.
12. C. Lu and X. Tang, ‘‘Surpassing human-level face verification performance on LFW
with Gaussian face,’’ in Proc. AAAI, Mar. 2015, pp. 3811–3819.
13. O. M. Parkhi, A. Vedaldi, and A. Zisserman, ‘‘Deep face recognition,’’ in Proc.
BMVC, Sep. 2015 vol. 1, no. 3, p. 6.
14. F. Schroff, D. Kalenichenko, and J. Philbin, ‘‘FaceNet: A unified embedding for face
recognition and clustering,’’ in Proc. IEEE Conf. compute. Vis. Pattern Recognition.,
Jun. 2015, pp. 815–823.
15. Z. Liu, P. Luo, X. Wang, and X. Tang, ‘‘Deep learning face attributes in the wild,’’
in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. compute. Vis., Dec. 2015, pp. 3730–3738.
16. Y. Wu, T. Hassner, K. Kim, G. Medioni, and P. Natarajan, ‘‘Facial landmark
detection with tweaked convolutional neural networks,’’ in Proc. IEEE Trans. Pattern
Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 3067–3074, Dec. 2018.
17. Y. Sun, D. Liang, X. Wang, and X. Tang, ‘‘DeepID3: Face recognition with very
deep neural networks,’’ Feb. 2015, arXiv:1502.0087. [Online]. Available:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00873
18. Thirukrishna, J.T., Krishna, S.R.S., Shashank, P. Survey on Diagnosing CORONA
VIRUS from Radiography Chest X-ray Images Using Convolutional Neural
Networks. Wireless Pers Commun (2022) (Springer). doi:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09463-x
19. S.Senthil kumar, J T Thirukrishna, “OREA for improving data packet transmission
in wireless sensor networks with cloud security mechanism”, Int. J. Cloud Computing
(Scopus Indexed), Vol. 9, Issue 2/3, pp. 245-257(2020). DOI:
10.1504/IJCC.2020.109379
20. S.Senthil kumar, J T Thirukrishna, “OREA for improving data packet transmission
in wireless sensor networks with cloud security mechanism”, Int. J. Cloud Computing
(Scopus Indexed), Vol. 9, Issue 2/3, pp. 245-257(2020).
DOI: 10.1504/IJCC.2020.1093

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 16

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

Literature Paper:

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 17

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

Plagiarism Report:

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 18

Smart Attendance System Using Face Recognition

Publication Details:

International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology

https://www.ijset.in/submit-manuscript/

The paper has been submitted , Waiting for the Journal’s response.

Dept of ISE, DSATM 2023-2024 Page 19