Applied GIS Practical With Page Num

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Applied GIS Practical.
In this course students will be able to do spatial data generation, vector to raster conversations, Raster
Classification, Building Geo data base, spatial data editing, watershed generation, , interpolation,3D
surfaces from DEM , and Displaying as Map.
Exercise: 1
Create a folder AppliedGIS22 in C:\
It should looks like
A) Online Extraction of location with elevation (Need internet connection)
https://www.daftlogic.com/sandbox-google-maps-find-altitude.htm
Browse to Jijiga Town.
Click on mouse and select some points which will collect latitude ,longitude and elevation.
Then select all points. Copy and paste in .txt file.
JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

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Txt file SAVE AS elevations.txt in C:\ AppliedGIS22
Done .

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Exercise 2:
A) Points to shape fie conversation with geo reference. /Projection.
The elevation .txt has the values in decimal degree format.
B) Open ArcMap
C)ADD XY data Data.
Browser for elevation.txt file and ADD

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Select coordianate system – i.e define Porjection
Click – EDIT- select geographic coordiate system –select africa - ADINDAN ok

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Then export points to Shape file format.

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Save in C:\Appliedgis22.
File name jjelevation.shp
Say YES.
You can check in attribute table the latitude, latitude and elevation in Meters.
DONE.

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Exercise 3.
A) Vector to Raster conversion.
Type in search bar –Topo to Raster
Select Topo to Raster
You will get a dialog box.

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Fill and point OUTPUT TO WORKING FOLDER. C:\Appliedgis22.
Name as topo_raster
Go down..

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Set low and high values from attribute table.
Then say OK
Result will be
Open from topo_raster PROPERTIES.

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CLASSIFY

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SELECT 4 CLASESS
Change the values

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OK
YOU CAN CHAGE THE VALUES AS PER YOUR REQUREMENTS.
Go to file and SAVE as ( top left corner of the ArcMap window)
My DEM in WORKING FOLDER

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My DEM
Done.

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Exercise 4.
A) Building Geodata base.
Open ArcCatalog
You should connect to working folder(C:\Appkiedgis22)

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OK
Right click and create new personal geodatabase.

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Rename to JJU.mdb
Select JJU.mdb and right click with mouse
Create new feature dataset so all your feature classes or layers will be placed in this folder with
projection.

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Next……
Select projection… Usually UTM37N or 38P which is suitable zone for Ethiopia.

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Select 37N THEN NEXT…. NEXT…FINISH.

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This is feature dataset which holds projection information.
Now we create feature Classes inside the feature dataset
Now right click on the feature dataset

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Create New Feature class.
Type road which is a line feature so select line FEATURE FROM drop down list.
Next…. Next … finish.

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Watershed is a polygon so select polygon feature from dropdown list.
Next… Finish.
We created three feature classes .
Done..

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Exercise 5.
A) Watershed delineation and area calculation
Steps involved
1. Fill
2. Flow Direction
3. Flow Accumulation ( Use classify option to see more streams or less streams)
4. Create Pour point shape file for catchment delineation.
5.Watershed
6. Convert Watershed Raster to Polygon
7. Re-Project Watershed vector to UTM—WGS84--- Northern Hemisphere – 37N
8.Create New Filed –name Area_KMs
9. Calculate Geometry to find watershed area.
Start
I. Open Arcmap
Open the map link MyDEM from WORKING FOLDER which you saved in end of Exercise 3 .

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To generate watershed we need to SET extension----Spatial analysist,
All must look selected

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Then open Arc Toolbox

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Click on spatial analyst Tools
Click on Hydrology
A) Click on Fill

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Save as Fill in working folder.
Should look like this
Say OK
The go to Flow direction
And use Fill file as input and save OUTPUT as FlowDirect

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It should look like this
Then Click on Flow Accumulation

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Set Flow_Direct as input and save FlowACCUM in WORKING FOLDER

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OK.
You can Observe some streams.
To explore more streams.. you can use Classify OPTION.
Using FlowACCUM raster Properties----Symbology OPTION.
Select classify--- into 2 --- click on classify button

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Change the value from 5000 so that you can see small streams.
OK

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Now to see the OUTLET of the river we have to create POURPOINT shape file.
Open ARC CATALOG from arcmap.

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Create new shapefile.
Click on that.

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Name Pour_point
Feature type POINT.
Select EDIT and select projected coordinate system--UTM----WGS84-----Northern Hemisphere--- 37N.
OK
You created pour point shape file. In WORKING FOLDER.
Now GO to editor in ARCMAP

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Then OK and OK
Then select in EDITOR window Place a point in the CONFLUENCE of river to observe the Catchment area
of that flow network.

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Then Save EDIT
The Stop EDIT
Should look like this

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NOW open ARC tools again
Select Watershed

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Then use input --- Flowdirect and Pour_Point as input and Watershed as output in WORKING FOLDER
THE RESULT

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Change the color for better visual appearance from the Properties ---Symbology OPTION.
Now convert watershed Raster to Polygon
Search for raster to Polygon tool
Then fill as showed

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Click on Environments ----- Select OUTPUT Coordination systems -----

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Select from drop down menu
Same AS POU_POINT
OK AND OK
New file generated
The open Attribute TABLE of Watershed_Vect
FROM FILE MENU add new field

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Name as areaKMS and TYPE as Float
OK.
To calculate area select on new field and calculate geometry

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Calculate in kms square
Then the area will be add to the Field

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Eg
It is 7.4199 km square.
Done
Save the map AS WATERSHED
Close ArcMap

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Exercise 6
Interpolation - POINT to RASTER-CONTOUR
1.Open ArcMap
Open myDEM file which you saved in Exercise 3.
Interpolation
Interpolation predicts values for cells in a raster from a limited number of sample data points. It can be
used to predict unknown values for any geographic point data, such as elevation, rainfall, chemical
concentrations, noise levels, and so on.
The available interpolation methods are listed below.
IDW
The IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) tool uses a method of interpolation that estimates cell values by
averaging the values of sample data points in the neighborhood of each processing cell. The closer a point
is to the center of the cell being estimated, the more influence, or weight, it has in the averaging process.
Kriging
Kriging is an advanced geostatistical procedure that generates an estimated surface from a scattered set
of points with z-values. More so than other interpolation methods, a thorough investigation of the spatial
behavior of the phenomenon represented by the z-values should be done before you select the best
estimation method for generating the output surface.

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Natural neighbour
Natural Neighbor interpolation finds the closest subset of input samples to a query point and applies
weights to them based on proportionate areas to interpolate a value (Sibson, 1981). It is also known as
Sibson or "area-stealing" interpolation.
Spline
The Spline tool uses an interpolation method that estimates values using a mathematical function that
minimizes overall surface curvature, resulting in a smooth surface that passes exactly through the input
points.
Spline with Barriers
The Spline with Barriers tool uses a method similar to the technique used in the Spline tool, with the major
difference being that this tool honors discontinuities encoded in both the input barriers and the input
point data.
Topo to Raster
The Topo to Raster and Topo to Raster by File tools use an interpolation technique specifically designed
to create a surface that more closely represents a natural drainage surface and better preserves both
ridgelines and stream networks from input contour data.
Trend
Trend is a global polynomial interpolation that fits a smooth surface defined by a mathematical function
(a polynomial) to the input sample points. The trend surface changes gradually and captures coarse-scale
patterns in the data.
In this exercise we use IDW methods to prepare a raster surface.
Open Search bar
Use IDW from spatial analyst

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When the dialog box opens fill as shown below figure
Change the OUTPUT coordinates as mentioned in EXERCISE 5… (Fill option)

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It will be Projected Coordinate System ----UTM------WGS84-----Northern Hemisphere------37N
The output file should be saved to C:\AppliedGIS22\ as Raster_IDW
OK
Now create contours from the above Raster_IDW.’

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Type contours from search bar
Click on Contour (Spatial Analyst) anyway there will be NOT much difference from Contour (3D Analyst)
Input raster Raster_IDW
Output should be C:\AppliedGIS22\Countour.shp in your working folder.
Contour interval (Vertical Interval I.e VI) 4 I,e 4 meter as we are using UTM Projection in Meters.

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Result looks like
Then File SAVE AS CONTOUR

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CLOSE ARCMAP

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Exercise 7
3D Visualization in ARC SCENE
Open Arc Scene
New document
ADD DATA

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ADD raster_IDW and Contour.shp
Result
Go to scene properties

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Change the value in vertical Exaggeration .. this will improve visual appearance when the vertical
interval difference is low.
The Image will disappear .
Select Contour layer and right click with mouse THEN select zoom to layer

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THEN
Select raster_IDW layer ---- Properties --- Symbology----
OK
Then In the same layer set the BASE HEIGHT setting as shown

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Use the same settings for contours Layer

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Go to any layer use ZOOM TO LAYER OTION.
THIS IS YOUR 3D IMAGE VIEW..
IF YOU WANT YOU CAN SAVE IT AS 3D…
CLOSE ARC SCENE

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Exercise 8
Attribute Data, Labeling and Map Layout.
Open Contours map from Arcmap
Remove or uncheck the elevation points and topo_raster layers.
Your map looks like
Add data…..watershed_vect.shp

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Then say close
The above warning comes due to presence of different coordinate systems in same ARCMAP document.
JUST you can say close … no problem

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Now lets see how to add a filed and insert new data/value/ text in attribute table.
Select Watershed_Vect and open attribute table.
Add field
Write in name as watershed and type as text.

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OK
Now go to editor ----Start editing------

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Then write in new space … as Jijiga Watershed.
Then go to editor and save edits and STOP editing.

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Then stop editing.
Close attribute table.
Go to View from top left corner
Select Layout view
Use ZOOM AND PAN TOOLS TO ADJSUT THE IMAGE IN THE VIEW

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SET THE LAYOUT TYPE FROM

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SELECT AS REQURED
WE SELECTED LANDSCAPE.
For labeling
Select the layers properties
Set as show in the figure

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For watershed
Use as

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OK
Map looks like this

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We need to add Title ..scale….north arrow ..legend. Finally Latitude and Longitude Grid.
We get everything from
Add title
Add legend with all NEXT..NEXT NEXT…’

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Insert text scale as this map covers a small area..

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Ok
The go to layer properties

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Select graticule

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Finish
Apply YES---- YES ok

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This is your map with Major Map elements.
Frist save the map as jijigawatershed.
Now you can export this map to JPEG format..

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Select your working folder
Change save as type to jpeg

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Close arcmap
Open the map from your working folder

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DONE…

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1

Applied GIS Practical.

It should looks like

A) Online Extraction of location with elevation (Need internet connection)

Browse to Jijiga Town.

Then select all points. Copy and paste in .txt file.

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Txt file SAVE AS elevations.txt in C:\ AppliedGIS22

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

A) Points to shape fie conversation with geo reference. /Projection.

The elevation .txt has the values in decimal degree format.

C)ADD XY data Data.

Browser for elevation.txt file and ADD

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Select coordianate system – i.e define Porjection

Click – EDIT- select geographic coordiate system –select africa - ADINDAN ok

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Then export points to Shape file format.

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

File name jjelevation.shp

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

A) Vector to Raster conversion.

Type in search bar –Topo to Raster

Select Topo to Raster

You will get a dialog box.

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Fill and point OUTPUT TO WORKING FOLDER. C:\Appliedgis22.

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Set low and high values from attribute table.

Open from topo_raster PROPERTIES.

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Change the values

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

YOU CAN CHAGE THE VALUES AS PER YOUR REQUREMENTS.

Go to file and SAVE as ( top left corner of the ArcMap window)

My DEM in WORKING FOLDER

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

A) Building Geodata base.

You should connect to working folder(C:\Appkiedgis22)

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Right click and create new personal geodatabase.

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Select JJU.mdb and right click with mouse

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Select 37N THEN NEXT…. NEXT…FINISH.

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

This is feature dataset which holds projection information.

Now we create feature Classes inside the feature dataset

Now right click on the feature dataset

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Create New Feature class.

Next…. Next … finish.

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

Watershed is a polygon so select polygon feature from dropdown list.

We created three feature classes .

JJU APPLIED GIS PRACTICAL

A) Watershed delineation and area calculation

4. Create Pour point shape file for catchment delineation.

6. Convert Watershed Raster to Polygon

7. Re-Project Watershed vector to UTM—WGS84--- Northern Hemisphere – 37N