Advancing Security and Convenience: Development of a Fingerprint-Based

Locker System for Enhancing Traditional Lockers at Lyceum of the Philippines

University - Cavite

A Research Presented to the Faculty of

Senior High School

Lyceum of the Philippines - Cavite

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for Senior High School 12

BARICANTE, MIKO L.

RANQUE, DIRK M.

HERNANDEZ, JOHN NIXON F.

SALONGGA, ERRON GENE M.

March 2023
 APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis hereto entitled:

Advancing Security and Convenience: Development of a Fingerprint-Based Locker

System for Enhancing Traditional Lockers at Lyceum of the Philippines University –
Cavite

Prepared and submitted by BARICANTE, MIKO L., RANQUE, DIRK M., HERNANDEZ, JOHN
NIXON F., SALONGA, ERRON GENE M. and has been reviewed and recommended as partial
fulfillment of the requirements for Senior High School 12.

Accepted and approved by the Panel of Examiners following a successful Oral Defense on 8th
of June 2023 with a grade of ________.

MS. MA KRISTENA DITAN

Research Teacher

MR. GYMMY PELARIZA MR. GLEN GUANEZO

Name of Panel Member Name of Panel Member

MS. KRESHA JOY CIOCSON

Name of Panel Member

MS. LALAINE B. CAZAR

Senior High School Coordinator

MR. MHAR ANGELO BAYOT

Headmaster
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

We hereby certify that the thesis entitled:

Advancing Security and Convenience: Development of a Fingerprint-Based Locker System for

Enhancing Traditional Lockers at Lyceum of the Philippines University – Cavite

is our work and that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or
written by another person nor material to which to a substantial extent has been accepted for award of
any other degree or diploma of a university or other institution of higher learning except where due
acknowledgement made is made in the text.

We also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of our work even though we may
have received assistance from others on style, presentation, and language expression.

BARICANTE, MIKO L. RANQUE, DIRK M.

Researcher Researcher

HERNANEDEZ, JOHN NIXON F. SALONGA, ERRON GENE M.

Researcher Researcher
Advancing Security and Convenience: Development of a Fingerprint-Based Locker
System for Enhancing Traditional Lockers at Lyceum of the Philippines University –
Cavite

BARICANTE, MIKO L., RANQUE, DIRK M., HERNANDEZ, JOHN NIXON F., SALON GA, ERRON
GENE M.

International School, Lyceum of the Philippines University -Cavite

General Trias City, Cavite

Miko.baricante@lpunetwork.edu.ph,dirk.ranque@lpunetwork.edu.ph,
john.hernandez@lpunetwork.edu.ph, salonggan.erron@lpunetwork.edu.ph

contact number: 0926 852 6989

__________________________________________________________
KEYWORDS:
Abstract. This study focuses on the enhancement of traditional lockers
through the development and implementation of a fingerprint-based locker
• Traditional
system at Lyceum of the Philippines University - Cavite. The aim is to
address the limitations of traditional lockers, such as key management
Locker issues, weak security, and outdated design, by integrating advanced
biometric technology. The system offers a high level of security and
• Smart Locker convenience by using fingerprints as unique keys, eliminating the need for
physical keys or combination locks. Through rigorous testing and
• Enhancement evaluation, the researchers confirmed the functionality, consistency of
data, and durability of the smart locker system. The results demonstrate its
effectiveness in providing a secure and reliable storage solution for users.
• Development
The study contributes to the ongoing efforts in enhancing locker systems
by leveraging modern technology, improving security measures, and
• Security offering a convenient user experience. The findings also highlight the
potential for future scalability, user feedback integration, and the
exploration of additional biometric authentication methods. Overall, the
fingerprint-based locker system represents a significant advancement in
the field, with promising implications for various applications requiring
secure storage solutions.
Advancing Security and Convenience: Development of a Fingerprint-Based Locker System for
Enhancing Traditional Lockers at Lyceum of the Philippines University – Cavite

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Lockers have become a prevalent fixture in educational institutions, offering students

personalized storage compartments within the school premises. These storage units typically feature
individual compartments equipped with locks, providing a secure space for students to store their
personal belongings, including books, backpacks, and other school-related items. Over time, the concept
of school lockers has evolved to adapt to the evolving needs of students, presenting them with an efficient
and organized solution to manage their possessions during the school day. According to the research
conducted by Johnson and Smith (2018), school lockers are considered indispensable infrastructure in
educational environments. They play a crucial role in enabling students to establish a sense of ownership
over their materials and contribute to maintaining a safe and clutter-free learning environment. By
providing students with dedicated storage space, lockers alleviate the physical strain of carrying heavy
backpacks throughout the day. Furthermore, lockers facilitate effective management of academic
resources, ensuring convenient access to textbooks, notebooks, and other essential materials.

The importance of security in school lockers lies in providing students with a sense of trust,
wellbeing, and peace of mind regarding the protection of their possessions. Security refers to the
protective measures and safety measures implemented to ensure the safeguarding of our belongings
from any bad situations such as loss or damage (Roberts & Smith, 2021). It plays a critical role in
maintaining a safe and secure learning environment. Lockers equipped with reliable locking mechanisms
act as a deterrent against unauthorized access and theft. This aspect of security is essential as it helps
create an atmosphere of trust and confidence among students, allowing them to focus on their studies
and engage in school activities without constant worry about the security of their personal items. The
traditional lockers have proven its usefulness for a long time, but together with the advantages of
traditional lockers there are 3 main problems that the user may encounter such as forgetting or losing a
key, weak security, and its outdated design. Key loss is a common problem encountered with traditional
lockers (Smith et al., 2022). Students may misplace or forget their keys, resulting in difficulties in opening
their lockers and retrieving their belongings. This issue not only causes inconvenience but can also
disrupt students' daily routines and lead to frustration. Weak security measures in traditional lockers pose
a significant concern (Johnson & Roberts, 2020). Outdated locking mechanisms or easily tampered locks
can make it easier for unauthorized individuals to gain access to the lockers, increasing the risk of theft or
damage to students' valuable possessions. Insufficient security measures erode students' confidence in
the safety of their personal belongings and can create a sense of insecurity within the school
environment. The design of traditional lockers doesn't suit the needs of its user anymore (Lopez & Brown,
2019). Limited storage space within lockers may not accommodate larger items such as laptops, or sports
equipment. The absence of compartments or shelves further contributes to disorganization and makes it
challenging for students to keep their belongings tidy and easily accessible.

Therefore, in this study the researchers intended to enhance the level of security and develop the
whole features of traditional lockers with the use of modern technology which will make it a Smart-Locker.
By enhancing and developing the traditional locker those 3 main problems will not be a concern anymore
by its user. Smart-Locker will have one of the latest and safest security keys in the modern world, the
biometrics specifically fingerprint which will serve as the key of the locker making it more secure than
traditional locker because this can’t be duplicated and this will ease the problem of losing or forgetting the
key, because the user or the owner of the Smart-Locker will have its key all the time. The design will be
all based on the traditional locker to make sure the enhancement of it and solve the disadvantages of the
outdated design.
 Statement of the Problem

This developed a biometric-based locker system. The study intended to answer the following
questions:
1. Is the product efficient in terms of:
● Functionality
● Reliability
● Durability
2. Is the Smart Locker more effective in enhancing security compared to traditional lockers?
3. Does the Smart Locker provide more convenience in terms of access management to traditional
lockers?

Scope and Limitations

This developed a fingerprint-based locker system as an enhancement to traditional lockers. The
focus will be on designing and implementing a functional and reliable system that incorporates fingerprint
recognition technology for secure access control. The study will involve developing hardware and
software components necessary for the system and ensuring seamless integration with existing lockers.
As for the location of this study, the experiment will only be conducted in the campus of Lyceum of the
Philippines University - Cavite, with the duration of the whole second semester of the school year 2022-
2023.

Significance of the Study

This study developed an enhanced, more secured, and more convenient smart locker for
students and school staff for better security or their belongings.
• Students - This study intended to provide students with a more convenient and safer locker so
they may feel more confident about their possessions while they are at school.
• School Staff - This study intended to have a more secured and efficient system for managing
student belongings, reducing the risk of theft or unauthorized access, and streamlining the
process of locker management. This empowers school staff members with enhanced tools to
ensure the safety and well-being of students, promoting a more organized and secure school
environment.
• School - This research developed a Smart Locker system that enhances traditional lockers,
thereby strengthening existing security measures and provide a controlled and safe storage
solution for students’ personal belongings. The significance of this study lies in the crucial role in
safeguarding the well-being and assets of their students.
• Future researchers - This study can be used as a guide for more enhancement to make the
product more secure and convenient by putting more advanced features.

Definition of terms

• Arduino-Uno is a small computer that will be very important in the system. This will help program
and code fingerprint authentication.
• Biometrics means using unique human features to identify a person. In this study fingerprints will
be used to make sure only the right person can open the security locker.
• Fingerprint means the unique marks on a person’s fingertip that can identify them. And can be
used to recognize people and to confirm their identity.
• Solenoid lock is the meaning component of the system, and it uses electricity to lock and unlock
something.
• LCD Display is a flat panel display that is used to display computer information on a screen.
 Review of Related Literature
The following are information and findings from existing literature relevant to the researchers’ study.

Smart locker bank design optimization for urban omni channel logistics: Assessing monolithic vs.
modular configurations. (2020)

This smart locker bank design optimization for urban omni channel logistics was designed by
Faugere (2020). It presents optimization-based design methods for smart locker banks in the context of
omnichannel business-to-consumer logistics and supply chains. It explores two design approaches
currently used in the industry: fixed-configuration locker banks and modular tower-based locker banks.
Contributions include optimization models for both design approaches, providing empirical evidence of
their performance. The proposed optimization model for fixed-configuration smart locker bank design
maximizes expected profits generated by serving a set of probabilistic delivery scenarios. The main
objective of this study is to synthesize strategic insights and identify avenues for further research, notably
further exploiting the concepts and principles of the physical internet and hyperconnected city
logistics.The paper contributes to the literature by introducing optimization-based methods for designing
smart locker banks, leveraging two existing conceptual designs, providing empirical evidence of their
performance, synthesizing strategic insights, and drawing avenues for further research. The scope of the
paper does not include the design and operation of an entire network; rather, it focuses on a singular
smart locker bank location.

This smart locker bank design optimization for urban omni channel logistics was designed by
Faugere (2020). It presents optimization-based design methods for smart locker banks in the context of
omnichannel business-to-consumer logistics and supply chains. It explores two design approaches
currently used in the industry: fixed-configuration locker banks and modular tower-based locker banks.
Contributions include optimization models for both design approaches, providing empirical evidence of
their performance. The proposed optimization model for fixed-configuration smart locker bank design
maximizes expected profits generated by serving a set of probabilistic delivery scenarios. The main
objective of this study is to synthesize strategic insights and identify avenues for further research, notably
further exploiting the concepts and principles of the physical internet and hyperconnected city logistics.
ing contributors toward solving the last-mile delivery problem brought on by the global urbanization of the
world’s population and the challenges of e-commerce and omnichannel B2C supply chains. They can be
beneficial to cities by reducing logistic flows by taking advantage of consolidation opportunities.

Smart and Secure Locker System (2018)

This Smart and Secure Locker System was designed by Naik (2018) Due to the fast-paced life
nowadays, people are unaware of keeping their lockers safe and secure. There are very few systems that
allow users to know who visits locker rooms in their absence and communicate with authorized users. A
new system proposed by us allows the user to know when someone else tries to access their locker,
immediately sends the alarm to the authorized user, and provides the option to either give access to a
legitimate user or deny permission. In this paper, a camera is continuously monitoring the area and
detects a person within 14 seconds. If the image of the user in front of the camera does not match with
the authorized user database of images, then the Raspberry Pi system instructs the camera to click a
picture. Once it has been ascertained that there is an unauthorized person near the locker, notify the
legitimate user with a message that an unauthorized person is trying to access the locker. The main
objective of this research is to design a system that collects other information from the server along with
the image and sends the notification to the authorized user. After reviewing the image and associated
data, the user can further decide the next course of action. As hacking and security issues are increasing
now, security-related problems are observed within various locking systems. The aim is to design a
system that will recognize the authorized user through face recognition. To make it more user-friendly, a
system is proposed that will provide an interface for the user to allow or deny access to any person by
capturing his or her image.

This study can resolve the problem of leakage of authorized codes like OTPs and security pins. It
will personalize the process of accessing any locking system. Based on the facial expressions of the user,
access will be granted to the authorized user. In case the person is not recognized, the primary
authorized user will be notified regarding giving or denying access, which will personalize. Here, any
intrusion can be detected. This information can be used for maintenance of the devices and also for
providing the registered owner or user with any information about the intrusion. Thereby, this system can
find applications in many fields, such as home automation, office security systems, and so on. Thus, by
implementing this smart locker security system using face recognition and image processing technology,
money, jewelry, and any other important documents belonging to every citizen can be kept in safe.

Design and Implementation of an Arduino Based Smart Fingerprint Authentication System for Key
Security Locker (2021)

This study examines the impact of the recent COVID-19 epidemic on the laboratory sessions of
the Microcomputer Systems course for the third year of the Bachelor of Computer Science degree at the
Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Ni, Serbia. In response to the changing conditions,
Proteus Design Suite's microcontroller simulation software was used instead of actual PIC-based
development boards to enable remote workout sessions. Petrović (2020) claims that Proteus Design
Suite is useful for educational purposes and industrial purposes, because of its extendibility and ease of
usage, among other reasons. This study is relevant to the proposed machine project as it utilizes Proteus
Design Suite, which the researchers shall also implement to make the simulation for Smart Locker.

Fingerprint Based Bank Locker System (2020)

The study conducted by Bagde et al. (2020) highlights the importance of modernizing lockers to
enhance their efficiency and safety in today's environment. It emphasizes that traditional lockers may not
provide sufficient security in today's context. Considering this, the use of biometric-based lockers, as
demonstrated in the study, can offer a higher level of security. The study specifically focuses on the
implementation of a fingerprint-based bank locker system, which is considered a highly secure solution.
By utilizing fingerprints as a means of authentication, this system takes advantage of the unique and
difficult-to-replicate nature of fingerprints, ensuring a robust security mechanism. The project described in
the study stands out for its low-cost nature and reliability in terms of enhanced security. These factors
make the biometric bank locker system highly significant in addressing the limitations of traditional locking
systems. Moreover, the use of fingerprints as the primary means of authentication eliminates the need for
physical keys or PIN codes, which can be lost, stolen, or easily guessed. This not only enhances security
but also eliminates the inconvenience of managing and replacing traditional keys or remembering
complex PIN codes. The implementation of a fingerprint-based bank locker system also offers ease of
use and convenience. Users can simply place their finger on the fingerprint sensor, and the system
quickly and accurately verifies their identity. This streamlined process allows for efficient and hassle-free
access to the lockers. The objective of this study gives a strong foundation or support to this study which
is aiming to enhance and develop the traditional locker.

Smart Door Lock System with Fingerprint Interface (2019)

The fingerprint door lock method is advanced, efficient, and highly secure, according to Paul et al.
(2019) in their study "Smart Door Lock Using Fingerprint Sensor". A traditional security system consists of
locks that can only be unlocked using physical keys. Compared to an traditional lock system, according to
their analysis, the fingerprint-based lock system offers a high rate of accuracy and is quick to identify
fingerprints, allowing smooth user interface and stronger security. The only way to unlock the smart door
lock system is with a valid and authorized fingerprint. To make the system more advanced, safe, and
effective, it is also mentioned that security systems should have distinctive interface entities such as voice
recognition, fingerprint, retina, retinal scanning etc. This study also indicates that a lot of electricity is
required for this system to function. It won't operate if there's a power outage. The study has found a way
that the system can relate to an IPS or add rechargeable batteries. Thus, this can resolve the product's
vulnerability in electricity.
Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

• MATERIAL/S: • Planning and creating the

• Arduino-Uno Smart Locker.
• Dc – DC Buck • Researching and
acquiring the needed
Converter SMART LOCKER
material for the
• Relay production of Smart
• Solenoid Lock Locker.
• Fingerprint • Encoding the System
Sensor that will be used in the
Smart Locker.
• LCD Display
• Analysis and
• Power Supply interpretation of gathered
data.

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1 shows the research diagram that will be utilized in this study by the proponents. The first
column (input) shows the material that will be gathered and used for the creation of Smart Locker. The
second column (process) contains the step-by-step process of the creation of the system, which includes
the building of the product and gathering the needed data for the study. The last column (output) in the
figure 1 shows the final product for this study, which is the Smart Locker the enhanced and innovated
Locker proposed and developed by the research of this conducted study in the Lyceum of the Philippines
University – Cavite

Synthesis of the study

Traditional lockers have been used for a long time, according to researchers, but things have
changed. Security deteriorates with time. This indicates that there is opportunity for improvement. This is
supported by the literature currently accessible. People investigated and discovered that it might still be
enhanced by making it safer and easier to use. You may have a fingerprint locker send you an alarm
through text message. Make it more secure and provide an easy way for the owner to operate it
manually. It has become less widespread as better secure and efficient storage methods have become
available. According to recent surveys, despite their historical ubiquity, conventional lockers have seen a
drop in utilization. As time elapses, security decreases, indicating a need for improvement. Existing
literature and evaluations have indicated that there exists untapped potential for improvements and
advancements in the domain of reviews, particularly through the strengthening of its security measures
and optimization of convenience of users.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the outline of research methods followed to attain the objectives of the
study. The researchers define the research design chosen for the purpose of this study. The researchers
also state the methods used to study and gather the data.

Research Method and Design

This study used Quantitative Research Method, this method involves the collection of data so that
information can be quantified and subjected to statistical treatment to support or refute, it is also utilizing
the collection of numerical data that can be analyzed and used to find patterns (Creswell, 2003, p.153).
To further explore and understand the nature of this study the proponents decided to use Experimental as
Research Design of this study. This design is a scientific approach to research, where manipulation of
data is present through systematic testing (Formplus Blog, 2020). This method and design were chosen
by the researchers because this study requires manipulation of variables to collect more relevant data.
Research Method and Design This study will use Quantitative Research Method, this method involves the
collection of data so that information can be quantified and subjected to statistical treatment to support or
refute, it also utilizes the collection of numerical data that can be analyzed and used to find patterns
(Creswell, 2003, p.153). To further explore and understand the nature of this study the proponents
decided to use Experimental as Research Design of this study. This design is a scientific approach to
research, where manipulation of data is present through systematic testing (Formplus Blog, 2020). This
method and design were chosen by the researchers because this study requires manipulation of
variables to collect more relevant data.

Sources of Data

The sources of data that needed in this study to obtain the main objectives are specifically dependent on
creating and testing the Smart Locker. The testing of the system will follow several trials.

I.A. Functionality Testing

Components of Trials
Smart Locker 1 2 3 4 5
1.Arduino- Uno

2. Fingerprint
Sensor

3. Solenoid Lock

4.Solenoid Lock

5. LCD Display

Percentage of Successful Trials

Table 1: Functionality Testing

I.B. Consistency of Data Testing

Fingerprint Trials
sensor Detect
1 2 3 4 5
Test
1. Enrolled

2. Un-enrolled

Mean Percentage of Trial (Enrolled)

Mean Percentage of Trial (Un-enrolled)

Table 2: Consistency of Data Testins

I.C. Durability Testing

Trials

1 2 3 4 5
(6 Hours) (12 Hours) (24 Hours) (48 Hours) (96 Hours)

Smart Locker

Percentage of Successful Trials

Table 3: Durability Testing

II. Security Testing

NO. Scenario Action Response

User with an unenrolled
Accessing the Smart
fingerprint placed the
Locker using a
fingerprint on the
1 fingerprint that has not
sensor.
been enrolled into the
system.
User with enrolled
fingerprint on the
Accessing the Smart
system placed the
2 Locker using owner’s
fingerprint on the senor
enrolled fingerprint.

Table 4: Security Testing

Project Development

Components Quantity Function/s

Arduino-Uno will serve as the

microcontroller of the Smart
1. Arduino-Uno 1 Locker’s System

This sensor is specifically for

enrolling and capturing the
2. R-307 Fingerprint Sensor 1 fingerprint of the owner on
unlocking the Smart Locker.
 This is the main material of the
system that will serve as the
3. Solenoid Lock Style 1 electronic lock of the Smart
Locker.
The function of the LCD is to give
a visible instruction for the owner.
4. 16x2 LCD Display 1

Power supply will serve as the

main source of electricity of the
5. 12V 2A Power Supply 1 whole system.

Table 5: Project Development

Research Instruments

The Smart Locker was created using the materials that are available on the market to insure the
accessibility of Smart Locker’s components for everyone. This study will produce an actual product called
Smart Locker; therefore, the result will be obtaining by the researchers thru systematic testing of the
product when it its compiled.

Arduino-Uno

The Microcontroller that was used on this project is Arduino-Uno since this is the material that are
very accessible and doesn’t require high technology skills in order any experiment with this technology,
and on creating Smart Devices Arduino-Uno is one of the most common prescriptions of Experts and
teachers because of the low requirement of this microcontroller when it comes to programming the
device.

Figure 2: Arduino-Uno (Source: Circuit. Rocks)

Relay Module 10A

A power relay module is an electronic component or switch that manages the electric current
through on and off. The proponents will us a 5V DC Relay module that has 1 channel only. This device
was used on controlling the voltage and current that our Arduino-Uno will give.

Figure 3: Relay Module (Source: Circuit. Rocks)

 Solenoid Lock Style 12VDC

The Solenoid Lock style that us 12VDC is just an electromagnet that made of big coil copper with
armature that is responsible on locking doors or cabinets and this specific solenoid was used on the
Smart Locker as the main material that will lock the locker, because this solenoid lock style is perfectly
made as electronic lock.

Figure 4: Solenoid Lock (Source: Circuit. Rocks)

Fingerprint Sensor R307

The fingerprint sensor R307 has been specifically created to capture fingerprint data in a
dependable manner. Its purpose is to be incorporated into devices, thus enhancing both security and
convenience. By using this sensor, users can avoid relying on passwords, PINs, and other authentication
methods that may be less efficient. Additionally, the sensor is quick and easy to use, making it a user-
friendly solution for authentication needs.

Figure 5: Fingerprint Sensor (Source: Circuit. Rocks)

LCD Display Module I2C 1602

An LCD or liquid crystal display is a flat, slender display panel composed of an array of colored or
black and white pixels positioned in front of a reflector or light source. Due to its low power consumption,
it is frequently utilized in battery-operated electronic devices. The LCD display has been incorporated into
this project for monitoring purposes.

Figure 6: LCD Display (Source: Circuit. Rocks)

 Power Supply

Power supply 12volts 2ampere, it’s a power supply that has a maximum output of 12V and it is
most used on a low power consumption due to its specification.

Figure 7: Power Supply

Process Flow

Figure 8: Process Flow

In Figure 8, the project construction of the implemented system is depicted, which encompasses
project planning, design, construction, testing, and evaluation. In the planning stage, the project
construction process involves various tasks such as identifying project objectives, determining the scope
of work, developing a project schedule, and identifying potential risks and constraints. In the design stage,
detailed plans, project models, and specifications are created, which define the project requirements,
including construction documents that specify materials, equipment, and construction methods.
Additionally, the procurement of necessary materials and equipment is also part of this stage. The
construction stage comprises the physical construction of the project, which includes preparation,
installation of electrical and software components, and finishing work. Finally, in the prototype testing and
evaluation stage, the remaining tasks are completed, final inspections and testing are conducted.

Block Diagram

Figure 9: Block Diagram

Figure 9, it shows the block diagram of the hardware system that has been put into place to carry
out the security. Other hardware components serve as support to the Arduino-Uno microcontroller board,
which serves as the project's main component. The system follows the written program's instructions and
completes the tasks listed. All automatic security procedures are carried out, as well as other automatic
processes. The system's hardware must all function together under a single controller for it to provide
adequate security.

Assembly

Smart locker Design assembly started with the gathering of all the needed components that is
required for its creation. After gathering all the materials, the proponents troubleshoot, debug and created
the code and the circuit diagram for the Smart Locker.

Figure 10: Creating, Trial, and testing of code.

 After the creation and testing of the code, the researchers made a Hardware diagram of Smart
Locker to show a visualization representation of Smart Locker. The Hardware diagram will also serve as
the guide in compiling the components.

Figure 11: Hardware Diagram

The next step on creating the Smart Locker, the proponents tested the functionality and
debugged the 16X2 LCD Display, R-307 Fingerprint Sensor, Solenoid Lock Style, 12v 2a Power Supply,
and Relay Module, respectively.

Figure 12: LCD Display Testing & Debugging

Figure 13: Fingerprint Sensor Testing & Debugging

 Figure 14: Solenoid Lock Testing & Debugging

Figure 15: Power Supply Testing

Figure 16: Relay Module Testing & Debugging

After completing the testing and debugging on all of the components, the researcher started compiling all
the materials together to finish the creation of the Smart Locker system.

Figure 17: Compilation of the Components

 The last step on finishing the creation of Smart Locker, the researchers construct the Cabinet of
the Smart locker together with the box that will serve as the housing and protection of system’s
components.

Construction of the Locker Cabinet

Figure 18: Construction of Cabinet

Figure 18, it shows the construction of the Cabinet, this will serve as the housing of the system’s
component and as the main cabinet of the Smart Locker itself. Paper cardboard was utilized on
constructing the cabinet.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers conducted a series of tests and trials to gather data for the Smart Locker. These
tests aimed to evaluate and validate the functionality and performance of the product. Multiple iterations
were performed for each test to ensure accurate and reliable results.

A. Functionality testing – The researchers tested the functionality of the fingerprint-based locker system
through hardware and security testing. This testing process will provide valuable insights into the
system’s performance, identify any potential issues or improvements, and validate the overall functionality
of the enhanced locker system.

B. Consistency of data testing - The researchers tested the consistency of data by repeatedly testing
and validating the fingerprint when it is placed on the sensor to ensure that the system consistently
produces reliable results. This process is very important to verify the effectiveness of the security of the
fingerprint-based locker system and its ability to accurately authenticate users based on their fingerprints.

C. Durability testing - The researchers will conduct a series of experiments and observations such as
long-term monitoring, observations and inspections, data analysis and conclusion, the researchers will be
able to gather valuable data on the functionality and durability of the smart locker.
D. Security Testing- The researchers conducted a trial scenario which will test the security of the Smart
locker. The first scenario is testing the accessibility of the smart locker by using an enrolled fingerprint on
the sensor, the second scenario is testing the security of the smart locker by trying to access the smart
locker using an Un-enrolled fingerprint on the sensor.

Data analysis Procedure

After the researchers completed the data gathering process, the collected data was organized in tables to
facilitate further analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to examine the data. In terms of
functionality tests, the researchers calculated the percentage of successful trials to assess the
Functionality, Security and Durability of the Smart Locker.

Results & Discussion

The following Tables presents the gathered data by the researchers from the testing of the Smart
Locker that is based on the Methodology section of this study for the proponents to answer their
statement of the problem and achieve the objectives.

I.A. Functionality Testing

Trials
Comonents of
Smart Locker
1 2 3 4 5

1.Arduino- Uno
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

2. Fingerprint
Sensor ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

3. Solenoid Lock
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

4.Solenoid Lock
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

5. LCD Display
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

100%
Percentage of Successful Trials
Table 6: Functionality

In table No. 6, it shows the result of the testing in all components individually when the
compilation is done to ensure the functionality of all the materials and make sure that the system will not
malfunction. The presented results are all based on the testing that was done by the researchers.

I.B. Consistency of Data Testing

Fingerprint Trials
sensor Detect
Test
1 2 3 4 5
1. Enrolled
83% 87% 87% 91% 100%

2. Un-enrolled
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Mean Percentage of Trial (Enrolled) 89.6%

Mean Percentage of Trial (Un-enrolled) 0%

Table 7: Consistency of Data

Table No. 7 presents the Consistency of data from the system, Column 1 shows the percentage
of Validity of enrolled fingerprint when placed on the sensor, while column 2 shows the percentage
validity of Un-enrolled fingerprint when placed on the sensor.

I.C. Durability Testing

Trials

1 2 3 4 5
Smart Locker (6 Hours) (12 Hours) (24 Hours) (48 Hours) (96 Hours)

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Percentage of Successful Trials 100%

Table 8: Durability

In table No. 8, it shows the results of Durability Testing, that was done by the researchers. The
results were gathered through the process of checking the functionality of the Smart Locker over a
different long period of time. Table 1, 2, and 3 present the functionality of the Smart Locker. Table 1
shows to be 100%, while table 2 which is the Consistency of Data shows to be 89%, the result on this
section was improved by the researchers on each trial until they got 100% Consistency of data. The last
table from functionality testing was the durability, which is table 3 and it shows to be 100%.

II. Security

NO. Scenario Action Response

User with an unenrolled
Accessing the Smart fingerprint placed the
Locker using a fingerprint fingerprint on the sensor.
1
that has not been enrolled
into the system.
 User with enrolled
fingerprint on the system
Accessing the Smart placed the fingerprint on
2 Locker using owner’s the senor
enrolled fingerprint.

Table 9: Security

Smart locker mechanisms, such as digital access controls, effectively eliminate the need for
physical keys or combination locks, providing a more convenient access experience for users. This claim
is supported by various studies, including "Smart Locker Systems: A Comparative Study on Convenience
and User Satisfaction" by (Lee et al., 2020), The findings of the study indicated that Smart Locker
systems significantly enhanced convenience for users compared to traditional lockers. The elimination of
physical keys or combination locks was a crucial factor contributing to this convenience. Participants
expressed that they no longer needed to carry additional items, such as keys or memorize complex
codes, which simplified the process of accessing their lockers. The implementation of Smart Lockers has
shown potential in enhancing security when compared to traditional lockers. Smart Lockers incorporate
advanced technologies specifically the biometric access which offer several advantages over traditional
lockers. This claim was supported by the study titled “Enhancing Security in Self-Service Parcel Delivery
Systems: A Case Study of Smart Locker Systems” The findings of this study indicate that Smart Locker
systems offer enhanced security features compared to traditional lockers. Biometric authentication, such
as fingerprint scanning, was found to significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access. And on this
study the Smart Locker can only grant an access to the enrolled owner/user, and that is shown on the
table 4 as the research test the security of locker depending on 2 different scenarios.

Discussion

This experimental study on the enhancement of traditional lockers through the development of a
fingerprint-based locker system holds a significant impact. The Smart locker system is a highly secured
locker system that provides a more secure, convenient, and reliable solution for various applications. By
integrating advanced biometric technology, the study addresses the limitations of traditional lockers, such
as the inconvenience of managing physical keys. The findings from this study have the potential to
revolutionize locker systems, offering improved security, and efficiency. By embracing technological
advancements and exploring innovative solutions, we can enhance security measures, streamline access
management, and pave the way for a more secure and convenient future.

I. Is the product efficient in terms of:

● Functionality
● Reliability
● Durability

The results of the study, particularly in Table 6, showed that all the components of smart locker
are consistently functioning and ensure that the system will not malfunction, including Arduino uno as the
main controller, fingerprint sensor for the authentication, solenoid lock, relay module, and LCD display for
displaying the information. The percentage of successful trials was 100%. In Table 7, consistency of data
testing, the results have shown that the mean percentage of trial in “enrolled” fingerprint is 89% while the
mean percentage of trial in “un-enrolled” fingerprint is 0%. Therefore, the fingerprint recognition, as the
key to the locker ensures a high level of reliability in terms of granting access to authorized users.
Furthermore, the durability testing result, which is presented in table 8, shows that the smart locker's
functionality across a variety of extended periods of time produced a percentage of 100%. This indicates
that the smart locker provides efficiency in terms of functionality, reliability, and durability.
II. Is the Smart Locker more effective in enhancing security compared to traditional lockers?

Table 9 presents the results of the security testing conducted on the smart locker system. Two
scenarios were tested to assess the system's performance. In the first scenario, an unenrolled fingerprint
was used to access the smart locker. When a user with an unenrolled fingerprint placed their finger on the
sensor, the response from the smart locker system was "Not Valid Finger." This indicates that the system
correctly recognized the fingerprint as unenrolled and denied access to the locker. In the second
scenario, the smart locker was accessed using the owner's enrolled fingerprint. When a user with an
enrolled fingerprint on the system placed their finger on the sensor, the response from the smart locker
system was "Door Unlocked, Welcome!" This indicates that the system correctly identified the enrolled
fingerprint and granted access to the locker. The results in Table 7, which pertains to the consistency of
data, further support the effectiveness of the security testing. The mean percentage of trials with
unenrolled fingerprints in the "Un-enrolled" category was 0%. This indicates that the smart locker system
consistently recognized unenrolled fingerprints as invalid, ensuring that only authorized individuals with
enrolled fingerprints can access the locker. To conclude, the findings of the study that the smart locker
system effectively distinguishes between enrolled and unenrolled fingerprints ensures that the developed
smart locker system is more effective in enhancing security compared to traditional lockers by allowing
access only to authorized users.

III. Does the Smart Locker provide more convenience in terms of access management to
traditional locker?

The researchers successfully developed a Fingerprint Based Locker that already passed through
series of testing. The invented Smart locker equipped with advanced technology such as electronic locks
and biometric authentication that allows its users to access this developed locker without the need of
physical keys or combinations of code.

Conclusion

This study successfully developed and tested a fingerprint-based locker system that serves as an
enhancement to traditional lockers at Lyceum of the Philippines University - Cavite. By implementing
advanced biometric technology, the system offers a highly secure and reliable solution for locker
management. The use of fingerprints as unique keys eliminates the need for physical keys and ensures
that only authorized individuals can access the lockers, enhancing security measures significantly. The
comprehensive discussion of the hardware and software requirements, along with the provided project
description and diagrams, showcases the meticulous approach taken by the researchers. The future
scope of this study indicates potential for further advancements and improvements in locker systems.
Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance traditional locker systems, offering a
reliable, secure, and convenient storage solution for various applications.

Recommendation

In light of the researchers’ successful development of the fingerprint-based locker system, there
are several recommendations for future scope and improvements. First, further research can focus on
scaling up the implementation of the fingerprint-based locker system on a larger scale, allowing for a
higher number of users and lockers. This would involve testing the system in a more extensive real-world
environment and assessing its performance and efficiency. Second, future researchers can conduct
surveys that include user feedback and usability testing to provide more valuable insights for improving
the user experience of the locker system. Assessing factors such as convenience, security, and overall
satisfaction can guide future researchers in evaluating the system’s interface and functionality. Lastly,
future studies could focus on integrating additional biometric authentication methods, such as facial
recognition or iris scanning, to offer users a wider range of secure and convenient access options.
Overall, the future scope of smart locker systems is promising, and further research and innovation are
necessary to maximize their potential in enhancing security, convenience, and user satisfaction.
REFERENCES

Johnson & Smith (2018). Enhancing School Security: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Education
and Safety, 12(2), 45-58. Benefits of Technology: What Are the Advantages Of Technology? –
CCRM. (n.d.-c). https://eric.ed.gov/?q=school-locker%2Csecurity%2Cimportance

Smith, J., Anderson, L., & Wilson, M. (2022). Lost Keys and Student Frustration: An Examination of
Locker Key Management in Schools. International Journal of Educational Administration, 15(2),
156-168.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352508064_Research_Paper_on_disadvatanges_of_s
c hool_lockers

Lopez, R., & Brown, K. (2019). Designing Lockers for Modern Students: Adapting to Changing Storage
Needs. Journal of School Facilities, 25(3), 32-45.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352508064_Research_Paper_on_school_lockers_nee
d s_in_schools/

Faugere, L. (2020, january). Smart locker bank design optimization for urban omnichannel logistics:
Assessing monolithic vs. modular configurations. Retrieved from Smart locker bank design
optimization for urban omnichannel logistics: Assessing monolithic vs. modular configurations:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360835218305977

Naik, R. a (2018, April8). Smart and Secure Locker System. Retrieved from Smart and Secure Locker
System: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3597444

Wee, B. S. (2021c, August 25). Design and Implementation of an Arduino Based Smart Fingerprint
Authentication System for Key Security Locker.
https://abecindonesia.org/iabec/index.php/iabec/article/view/15

Bagde, P., Wadhwani, G., Bondade, H., Bolli, L., Kumeriya, S., & Li Pethe, D. (2020). FINGERPRINT
BASED BANK LOCKER SYSTEM. IJESC.
https://ijesc.org/upload/2a561eaf5671666a9332fb385b394b6e.Fingerprint%20Ba
sed%20Bank%20Locker%20System.pd