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Final
MC-5746
HAEMATOLOGY
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, ROUTINE
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS, CSF
VOLUME 0.5 mL
METHOD : MEASURED
APPEARANCE CLEAR CLEAR
METHOD : VISUAL
COLOUR WATERY
METHOD : VISUAL
XANTHOCHROMIA ABSENT ABSENT
METHOD : MANUAL
COB-WEB FORMATION ABSENT ABSENT
PROTEINS 52.8 High 15 - 45 mg/dL
METHOD : BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE
GLUCOSE 63 40 - 70 mg/dL
METHOD : ENZYMATIC (HEXOKINASE/G-6-PDH)
TOTAL COUNT 05 0-5 cells / cumm
Comments
Interpretation(s)
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS, CSF-CSF Examination is performed to rule out and identify the cause of CNS and meningeal infection and inflammation. Presence of
RBCs in the CSF should also be correlated with the total cell count and the white cell count in CSF as contamination of CSF by blood may falsely alter the actual CSF cell
counts.
There is a dynamic equilibrium between blood and CSF glucose levels fluctuations in blood glucose parallel changes in the CSF. Hypoglycorrhachia (decreased CSF glucose)
can be masked by hyperglycemia, and lowered CSF glucose during hypoglycemia may be misinterpreted as meningitis. This misleading effect can be corrected by estimating
the CSF to blood glucose ratio, which derives a fairly constant value. The widely accepted normal ratio is between 0.6 and 0.8, although 0.5 has also been considered the
lower limit of normal. Less than this level indicates pathological hypoglycorrhachia..
Disclaimer: The counts may be inaccurate if the fluid specimen is partially clotted or has cell clumps or debris.
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MC-5746
MICRO BIOLOGY
GRAM STAIN
SPECIMEN SOURCE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
GRAM STAIN NO ORGANISMS DETECTED
METHOD : GRAM’S STAIN + MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
Interpretation(s)
GRAM STAIN-GRAM STAIN
Gram stain is the most important staining method in bacteriology. It is the first and usually the only method employed for the diagnostic identification of bacteria in clinical
specimens. It also serves to assess the quality of clinical specimens.Interpretation of gram stained smears from clinical specimens involves consideration of staining
characteristic,morphology of the etiological agent and presence of particular host cell types. It distinguishes two categories of genera: the Gram-positive, which stain dark
purple, and the Gram-negative, which stain light red. A few species are Gram-variable, and tend to show a mixture of the two types of cells. Further details of the bacteria
as any other special features, including unusual shapes (such as comma shaped Gram negative bacilli) are also observed. Comparing Gram stain result to culture results is
an excellent internal method for monitoring quality assurance.
ACID FAST BACILLI SMEAR-The direct smear microscopy is a reliable and simple technique for detection of AFB. The method consists of microscopic examination of a
specimen that has been spread on a slide and stained. Mycobacterial cell walls have a high lipid content that resists staining, however once stained, the bacterial cell resists
decolourisation by strong acids or alcohols. Hence these bacteria are known as ""acid - fast.""The sensitivity of microscopy for detection of acid fast bacilli is about 10,000
bacilli /ml. of the specimen. Many reports have shown that the mycobacteria may be released irregularly from the lungs. Thus, it is advisable to screen more than one
specimen.
Secretions build up in the airways overnight so an early morning sputum sample is more likely to contain AFB than a sample collected later in the day.
Organisms other than mycobacteria may demonstrate various degrees of acid fastness. Such organisms include Rhodococcus, Nocardia, Legionella and cysts of
Cryptosporidium and Isospora species.
**End Of Report**
Please visit www.agilusdiagnostics.com for related Test Information for this accession
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Dr.Himadri Mondal, MD
Consultant Microbiologist
MC-5746
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Dr.Himadri Mondal, MD
Consultant Microbiologist