Acid-Base Review

Properties:

● Identify properties of acids and bases

● Define acids, bases, and salts using the Arrhenius theory
● Define acids and bases using the Bronsted-Lowry theory
● Identify the hydrogen ion (acids), hydronium ion (acids) and hydroxide ion (bases) by
formula

Strength:

● Identify three strong acids and describe why they are considered strong
● Identify strong bases and describe why they are considered strong
● Describe why weak acids and bases are “weak”

Measuring pH and pOH:

● Relate pH and pOH to acidity and basicity (and the appropriate ion content)
● Calculate the amount of H3O+ and OH- in a solution given the molarity of acid or base or the
pH or pOH (remember % ionization for weak acids/bases)
● Calculate the pH or pOH of a solution given the molarity of the acid or base (formula will be
given) or the molarity of the hydronium or hydroxide ions

Neutralization and titrations:

● Recognize the chemicals found in a neutralization reaction (acid/base/water/salt)

● Predict the products of a neutralization reaction
● Balance neutralization reactions
● Define vocabulary associated with a titration including: titration, equivalence, standard
solution, endpoint, indicator, buret
● Recognize the colors in acid and base for three common indicators (litmus, bromthymol
blue, phenolphthalein, methyl orange)
● Solve titration problems given titration data using stoichiometry (molarity)

The pH/pOH formulas and molarity formula will be printed on the test.
 ACADSORT
ACIDS AND ITS REACTION
Practice Problems:

1. Identify the property as acid(A) or base(B):

a. Reacts with metals
b. Feels slippery
c. Tastes bitter
d. Reacts with fats and oils
e. Neutralizes bases
f. Tastes sour
g. Changes the color of indicators

2. According to Arrhenius what ion is found in

a. Acids?
b. Bases?
c. Salts?

3. Identify the acids(A), bases(B), salts(S), and neither(N) from the list:
a. KOH
b. NaCl
c. HBr
d. CaCO3
e. NH3
f. CH3Cl
g. H3PO3

4. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory:

a. An acid reacts with water to produce _______________________ ions (give name and
chemical formula).
b. A base reacts with water to produce _______________________ ions (give name and
chemical formula).

5. Identify which are strong acids(SA), strong bases(SB), weak acids(WA), and weak
bases(WB):
a. NaOH
b. HF
c. NH3
d. H2SO4
6. Describe what makes a strong acid “strong”
7. What is the concentration (M) of hydronium ion in a 1.0 M HCl solution?

8. What is the concentration (M) of hydronium ion in a 3.0 M HNO2 solution that is 3.0%
ionized?

9. What is the hydroxide ion concentration in a 6.0 M NaOH solution?

10. Using the pH values provided, rank the following in order of most acidic to most basic:
a. Blood (7.4)
b. Lemon juice (2.2)
c. Water (7.0)
d. Oven cleaner (14)
e. Detergent (10)

11. In the question above, which substance has the

a. lowest concentration of hydronium ions?
b. equal hydronium and hydroxide ions?

12. If the pH of a solution is 4.55, what is its pOH?

13. What is the pH of

a. 0.025 M HCl

b. 1.00 M HClO (2.0% ionized)

c. 0.500 M NaOH

d. 2.50 M NH4OH (5.0% ionized)

14. Identify the acid, base, salt and water and balance the equations:
a. H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 → H2O + Ca3(PO4)2
 b. LiOH + H2CO3 → Li2CO3 + H2O
15. Consider the reactions above.
a. For 14a: What volume of 1.00 M calcium hydroxide is needed to neutralize 15.0
mL of 3.00 M phosphoric acid?

b. For 14b: Look at the data below.

i. Acid buret: initial reading = 0.00 mL final reading = 8.75 mL
ii.Base buret: initial reading = 5.06 mL final reading = 22.47 mL
iii. The carbonic acid concentration is 1.50 M

iv. What is the molarity of the lithium hydroxide?

16. For 14b, what was the standard solution?

17. How does the endpoint differ from the equivalence point in a titration?

18. Fill in the table provided:

Indicator Acid color Base color

Litmus

Phenolphthalein

Bromthymol blue

a. If a solution has a pH of 3.0…what color will bromthymol blue have in the

solution?

b. If phenolphthalein is pink in a solution, does the solution have a pH above or

below 7?