LOCATION OF THE PHILIPINES USING A Landmasses and bodies of water are used as

COORDINATE SYSTEM. reference point.

The bodies of water found in the Philippines are

Sea, River, Lake and Beach. While for
What are the four primary directions?
landmasses, it has Islands.
NORTH
GLOBE
SOUTH
A globe is a spherical model of Earth. Globes
EAST serve purposes similar to maps, but unlike

WEST maps, they do not distort the surface that they

portray except to scale it down.
What are the four secondary directions?
EQUATOR
NORTHWEST
An equator is an imaginary line around the
SOUTHEAST
middle of a planet or other celestial body. It is
NORTHEAST halfway between the North Pole and the South
Pole, at 0 degrees latitude. It also divides the
SOUTHEAST
planet into a Northern Hemisphere and a
Where is the Philippines located? Southern Hemisphere.

PACIFIC OCEAN is located at the EAST of the NORTH POLE

Philippines. The bodies of water that are found
The North Pole is the northernmost point on
SOUTH of the Philippines is the CELEBES SEA.
Earth. It is the precise point of the intersection
PHILIPPINE SEA is located at the EAST of the
of the Earth's axis and the Earth's surface.
Philippines. The bodies of water that are found
WEST AND NORTH of the Philippines is the SOUTH POLE
SOUTH CHINA SEA.
The South Pole is the southernmost point on
RELATIVE LOCATION the Earth. It is the precise point of the southern
intersection of the Earth's axis and the Earth's
It is done by identifying a reference point and
surface.
locating a place relative to this frame of
reference.
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE By combining Latitude and Longitude, any
location can be pinpointed
Is the half of the earth that lies north of the
equator.

SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

Is the half of the earth that lies south of the

equator.

PRIME MERIDIAN By combining Latitude and Longitude, we are

The Prime Meridian is the line of 0° longitude, able to determine now the coordinate.

the starting point for measuring distance both

east and west around the Earth. The prime
meridian is arbitrary, meaning it could be
chosen to be anywhere.

FACTS ABOUT LINES OF LATITUDE

❖Are known as parallels

STEPS IN DETERMINING LATITUDE AND
❖Run in an East and West directions
LONGITUDE COORDINATES ON A MAP/GLOBE
❖Measures the distance North or South
STEP 1: Spot the location you are interested in.

❖Starting point is the Equator at 0° latitude STEP 2: Find the latitude and longitude markers.

FACTS ABOUT LINES OF LONGITUDE STEP 3: Use a ruler to mark the latitude of your

❖Are known as Meridians
❖Run in North and South directions
❖Measures the distance East or West
point and draw another line to mark the
longitude of the point.
STEP 4: Estimate the latitude and longitude of
your point.

❖Starting point is the Prime Meridian STEP 5: Put your measurements together to
determine the coordinates.
❖Are farthest apart at the equator and meet at
the poles.
TAKE NOTE: NATURAL RESOURCES - Is something found in
nature that people can use to meet their needs.
• Latitude is written first and must always
include RENEWABLE AND NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

North or South of the equator. RENEWABLE RESOURCES

• Longitude is written next and must always
include East or West of the Prime Meridian.
30° N, 45° W
- It can be regenerated at the same rate or even
faster as they are being used. They are
replenished over relatively short periods of time
by natural processes.

WHERE IN THE WORLD IS THE PHILIPPINES NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

LOCATED?
- It is a natural substance that is not replenished
Philippines is located in the northern with the speed at which it is consumed. Its
hemisphere because it is in between the North supply is finite.
Pole and the equator.

Possible Latitude: 15° N

Possible Longitude: 121° E

COMMON USES

What are the uses of GOLD? - Golds can be used

for making jewelries, accessories and dental

ABSOLUTE LOCATION materials.

It is the exact spot at which a place is found on What are the uses of TREES? - Trees can be used

the globe or map. for making papers and furniture.

NATURAL RESOURCES What are the uses of COTTON? - Cotton is used

in making of cloth as fabric materials.
What are the uses of COPPER? - Copper can be
used for making electrical wirings.
What are the uses of IRON ORE? - It is used in
steel products and as construction materials.
What are the uses of OIL/PETROLEUM?
Oil/Petroleum can be used for making fuel and
gasoline.
PLANT RELATED PRODUCTS
F: Vegetables, fruits and medicine
ANIMAL RELATED PRODUCTS
B: Leather, meat and eggs
What are the uses of FOSSIL FUELS?
Fossil fuels are used to produce energy. In the
home they are burned to produce heat, in large
power stations they are used to produce
electricity and they are also used to power
engines.
WHAT DO YOU THINK WILL HAPPEN IF PEOPLE
OVERUSE THESE RESOURCES?
• Maybe our planet Earth becomes hotter and
hotter.
• The Earth will no longer last for more than a
few years.
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THERE IS THIS INCREASE
IN EARTH’S TEMPERATURE?
Climate Change
Climate change - refers to long-term shifts in
temperatures and weather patterns.
What do you think are the ways in order to
sustain the natural resources?
- in order to sustain our natural resources, we
need to conserve water, save energy and use
the 3R’s of waste management.
What are the 3R’s of waste management and
how will you be able to conserve water and save
energy?
The 3R’s are Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle. So, in
order to conserve water, we should not waste
any drop of it. We need to use it properly to do
not waste anything and to save energy we can
use of solar panel instead.
REUSE
refers to using items more than once
REDUCE
means to minimize the amount of waste we
create.
RECYCLE
means putting a product to a new use instead of
throwing it away.
Recycling
Plastic – Bottle, Container, Plastic bags, Sticky
tapes. The red recycling bin is for collecting
materials with a thin plastic coating in them. gravity pulls down on the molecules of
They are mostly used to gather landfill wastes. the gases in the air. (weight)
4. Air exerts pressure. - force pushing on
Glass – Bottle Glass jar Leftover foods,
an area or surface in all directions- it is
Vegies/fruits, Flowers. The green recycling bins
affected by both temperature and
are for collecting organic materials. Though if
altitude
you toss them away, they will decompose after
5. Air has density. - because air has mass it
a while, but they can still be used for other
also has density or the mass per unit of
things.
volume - it defines which will float or
sink

The world produces about 300 million tons of What are the compositions of the Earth’s
plastic waste each year. Only 9% of the plastic Atmosphere?
waste generated is recycled

THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

ATMOSPHERE

- a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet,

such as Earth

PROPERTIES OF AIR

1. Air occupies space. - the greater the

amount of air molecules, the bigger
space it occupies
What are layers of the Earth’s Atmosphere?
2. Air has no definite shape. - Air takes the
shape of the container in which it is
present.
3. Air has mass and weight. - mass refers
to the amount of matter in a body. -
99% of the mass of the atmosphere are
found in the bottom 30 km - earth’s
 -Strato means “layer or spreading out”

- extends from 10 km to 50 km above the

ground

-less dense (less water vapor)

TEMPERATURE VS. ALTITUDE
-Temperature increases with altitude
Temperature decreases with increasing
altitude: -Almost no weather occurrence

 TROPOSPHERE - contains high level of ozone (about 90%)

 MESOSPHERE
- ozone layer (absorbs heat from the sun)
Temperature increases with increasing
- upper boundary is called stratopause
altitude
MESOSPHERE
 STRATOSPHERE
- Meso means “middle”
 THERMOSPHERE
 EXOSPHERE - Extends from 50 to 80km high

TROPOSPHERE - Gases are less dense.

-Tropo means “turning or changing” - Temperature decreases as

• lowest and thinnest layer altitude increases. (-90°C)

- 16 km at equator, 8 km at poles - the coldest layer

• 90% of the atmosphere’s mass - Most meteor burn up, producing meteor
trails
- Temperature decreases with altitude
- Gases in this layer absorb very little UV
- 6°C per kilometer
radiation.
- Top of troposphere averages to –50°C
THERMOSPHERE
-where weather occurs
Thermo means “heat”
- boundary between the troposphere, and
- above the mesosphere and extends to
the stratosphere is called the tropopause
- almost 600 km high
STRATOSPHERE
 - temperature increases with altitude  EXOSPHERE
- Temperature can go as high as 1,800°C
- readily absorbs solar radiation
- nitrogen and oxygen molecules convert
solar energy into heat Where is ATMOSPHERIC DENSITY the greatest?
- reflects radio waves
- Air at high altitudes is more spread out
- air is very thin, 0.001% as dense as - It is less dense than air at lower

- the air at sea level altitudes

Atmospheric DENSITY decreases with
- includes Ionosphere is from 80-550 km.
altitude.
EXOSPHERE
Factors making Air LOWER in density
Exo means “outer”
• ELEVATION: Air at high altitudes is less dense
- Extends from 550km outward than air at lower altitudes.
- the interface between Earth and space
• TEMPERATURE: Warm air is less dense than
- atoms and molecules can
cool air.
- escape to space
- Satellites orbit in this layer • HUMIDITY: Moist air is less dense than dry air.

- Phone calls and tv pictures reach you by Humidity is the relative measure of the amount
communications satellites of water vapor in the air.

Atmospheric Temperature, Density and Pressure  Warm air can hold more water vapor, so

Temperature decreases with increasing is typically moist

altitude:  Cool air cannot hold much water vapor,

so is typically dry
 TROPOSPHERE
 MESOSPHERE Water vapor decreases the density of air.

Temperature increases with increasing Where is ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE the

altitude greatest?

 STRATOSPHERE Atmospheric pressure: pressure exerted by the

 THERMOSPHERE atmosphere because of the force of gravity

acting upon the overlying column of air.
Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude
increases.

More water vapor means less air molecules What happens to air when heated?

Less dense = LOW AIR PRESSURE

DRY AIR → more dense = HIGH AIR PRESSURE

BREEZES

LOCAL WIND

Wind that moves across small areas and blow

low near the earth surface.

Caused by: UNEVEN HEATING OF LAND AND

SEA = BREEZES

BREEZES

Different rate of heating (daytime)

Different rate of cooling (night time)

Affect the direction of WIND during daytime

and night time.

During DAYTIME- The land heats up FASTER than

the sea.
 •When it’s winter in mainland Asia. Cold wind
from China blows toward the pacific and passes
over the Philippines.

•Cooler and drier weather (cloudless days)

•Light rains and cold weather.

Southwest monsoon or hanging habagat

•Summer monsoon

•May to October

At NIGHT TIME - The land cools down FASTER •Strong west or southwest breeze
than the sea because water retains heat longer.
•Warm and humid air

•Bring significant rainfall.

MONSOONS
•Heavy rains.
• Monsoons are not rains but are wind systems.
INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ)
• These winds usually bring abundant rainfall to
the country.

•These are wind systems produced when there

is temperature and pressure difference between
continents and oceans.

• in Filipino, the monsoons are called amihan or

habagat, depending on where the winds come
from.

Northeast monsoon or hanging amihan

•Winter monsoon

•November to April
 • low- pressure area zone characterized by
showers and thunderstorms.

The zone is referred to as the doldrums

because of its erratic (monotonous) weather
patterns with stagnant calms and violent
thunderstorms.

What is Intertropical Convergence Zone?

•Known by sailors as the doldrums or the calms.

•Area encircling Earth near the equator, where

the northeast and southeast trade winds
converges.

•Trade winds are cool air that moves

horizontally toward the equator.

CORIOLIS EFFECT

INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ)

 • Seasons are not caused by how close the Earth
is to the sun.

• In fact, the Earth is closest to the sun

around January 3 and farthest away from

the sun around July 4.

What causes seasons?

• Seasons are the result of the tilt of the Earth's

SEASONS axis.

What Causes Seasons? • The Earth’s axis is tilted by 23.5o.

EARTH’S MOTION • Axis tilt causes uneven heating by

Rotation sunlight throughout the year.

• The Earth rotates on its axis at a tilt of 23.5 • The number of daylight hours is greater for
degrees every 23 hours and 56 minutes. the hemisphere, or half of Earth, that is tilted

• One day on Earth is one rotation of the Earth. toward the Sun.

• The side of the Earth which faces the sun

experiences the DAY while NIGHT on the side
which is away from the sun.

Revolution

• The motion of the Earth around the Sun.

• It takes the Earth 365.25 days to travel or

• The Earth is always tilted in the same
revolve around the Sun once every year in an
direction.
elliptical Orbit (not circle).

• As the Earth revolves, the part of Earth tilted

toward the sun changes.

• The northern and southern hemispheres m • It is summer in the northern hemisphere of
alternate receiving (on a yearly cycle) the the Earth. The days are longer and the nights
majority of direct light from the Sun are shorter.

• This leads to the seasons! • The north pole gets 24 hours of daylight and
the south pole gets 0 hours of daylight. The
longest day of the year in the north is June 20 or
21-we call it the summer solstice.

• It is winter in the southern hemisphere.

Solstices

• Occur twice a year, when the tilt of the Earth's

axis is oriented at its extremes. Tilted the closest
or farthest to the sun.
Winter Solstice

• The North Pole is tilted away from the

• The Sun is directly overhead the Tropic of

Capricorn which receives direct sunlight.

• Northern hemisphere of the Earth get less sun

Summer Solstice
than the southern. The Sun’s rays shine
• The North Pole is tilted toward the Sun. straighter down on the southern hemisphere of

• The Sun is directly overhead the Tropic of the Earth.

Cancer which receives direct sunlight. • It is then winter in the northern part of the

• The northern hemisphere of the Earth gets Earth. The nights are longer and the days are

more sun than the southern. The Sun’s rays shorter.

shine straighter down on that part of the Earth.

• The south pole gets 24 hours of daylight and
the north pole gets 0 hours of daylight. The
shortest day of the year in the north is
December 21or 22-we call it the winter solstice.

• It is summer in the southern hemisphere.

Equinoxes

• Equinox literally means "equal night".

• A day lasts 12 hours and a night lasts 12 hours

at all latitudes.

• Sunlight strikes the earth most directly at the

equator.

• This occurs twice a year.

• The vernal (spring) equinox occurs March 21.

• The autumnal (fall) equinox occurs September

21.

Length of Day