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Chris Bio Transport in Plant Questions
Chris Bio Transport in Plant Questions
Chris Bio Transport in Plant Questions
increases?
A B
rate of rate of
transpiration transpiration
humidity humidity
C D
rate of rate of
transpiration transpiration
humidity humidity
2 The diagram shows a potted plant and the same plant 24 hours later.
24 hours
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 By which process is water lost from a leaf?
A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D photosynthesis
4 The lower end of a plant stem is placed in water coloured with red dye. After three hours, the
stem is cut as shown in the diagram.
6 In which order does water pass through the cells of a plant, as the water travels from the roots to
a leaf?
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7 The diagram shows a plant shoot and the same shoot six hours later.
Which change in environmental conditions could cause this change in the shoot?
8 A celery stalk is placed in a beaker of blue dye. Once the dye reaches the leaves, the stalk is
taken out and cut in half.
celery stalk
cut
blue dye
Which diagram shows the appearance of the cut end of the stalk?
A B C D
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9 The diagram shows a cross-section through a plant root.
Q shows the part that is stained red when the root is placed in water containing a red dye.
What is found at Q?
A guard cells
B palisade cells
C phloem
D xylem
10 Which processes produce a continuous space for the flow of water in xylem vessels?
A cellulose
B inorganic ions
C starch
D sugar
A translocation
B transpiration
C storage of food
D support
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13 The diagram shows part of the trunk of a small tree with a ring of bark removed. Removing the
ring of bark takes away phloem but leaves the xylem intact.
upper
branch
lower
branch
What effect will removing the bark have on the two branches?
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15 A decrease in which factor normally causes transpiration rate to increase?
A humidity
B light intensity
C stomatal opening
D temperature
shoot X shoot Y
spring balance
30 g 30 g
oil
water
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
What are the likely readings on the spring balances after three days?
shoot X shoot Y
A 30 g 30 g
B 30 g 25 g
C 25 g 30 g
D 25 g 25 g
20 The table shows the rate of water flow through a tree over a 12 hour period.
A Between 7:00 and 17:00 hours the rate of flow continuously increases.
B The greatest increase in rate of flow in a two-hour period is between 11:00 and 13:00 hours.
C Water does not flow up through a tree at night.
D Water flow is affected by humidity.
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21 Which words correctly complete the following sentence?
‘Transpiration is the ……1…… of water at the surface of the ……2…… cells followed by the
……3…… of water vapour from the plant ……4…… .’
water vapour
A osmosis
B photosynthesis
C translocation
D transpiration
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24 The diagram shows a cross-section through a plant stem.
Q shows the part that is stained red when the stem is placed in water containing a red dye.
What is found at Q?
A guard cells
B palisade cells
C phloem
D xylem
rate of
transpiration
What is X?
A humidity
B light intensity
C soil moisture
D temperature
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26 In what form does a plant absorb and lose water?
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30 The diagram shows the stem of a plant. A strip of the outer tissue including the phloem has been
removed.
xylem
phloem
What is the pathway taken by most of the water absorbed by this plant?
A X→Y→Z
B W→Y→Z
C Z→Y→X
D Z→Y→W
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32 The diagrams show stages in the passage of water through a plant.
The circles are the starting points for arrows to show the direction in which the water moves.
33 Translocation occurs in phloem tubes. Aphids feed on the contents of phloem tubes.
A amino acid
B fat
C sucrose
D water
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34 Which two functions does xylem perform?
A key
B = performs
C = does not perform
D
35 The diagram shows cells from a storage organ of a flowering plant after they have been stained
with iodine solution.
A chlorophyll
B fat
C starch
D sugar
36 What shows the correct translocation of carbohydrate in a potato plant that is growing in bright
sunlight?
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
37 Which conditions of humidity, light intensity and temperature make transpiration slowest?
38 The diagram shows how the appearance of a potted plant changes over a period of four days.
39 The table shows four substances and the parts of the plant to which they are transported.
A 1 an
a B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
1 Rhabdostyla is a single-celled organism that has no cell wall and no chlorophyll.
Name:
[3]
Rhabdostyla has a contractile vacuole that fills with water and empties at intervals as shown in
Fig. 4.1. The contractile vacuole removes excess water.
contractile
vacuole
contractile
vacuole expels
excess water
Fig. 4.1
(b) Explain, using the term water potential, why Rhabdostyla needs to remove excess water.
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
In an investigation, individual Rhabdostyla were placed into different concentrations of sea water.
The rate of water excreted by the contractile vacuole of each organism was determined. The results
are shown in Fig. 4.2.
20
18
16
14
12
rate of
water
excreted 10
/ µm3 s–1
8
0
0 4 12
concentration of sea water / %
Fig. 4.2
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(d) Single-celled organisms with cell walls do not have contractile vacuoles. Suggest why.
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[Total: 12]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 Water moves into plants from the soil and exits through the leaves.
(a) Explain how water moves from the soil into the root.
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Water reaches the leaves from the roots through the xylem. Fig. 4.1 shows images of stomata
on the lower surfaces of leaves of two varieties of olive plant, A and B. Both are shown at the
same magnification.
A B
Fig. 4.1
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii) Compare the density of stomata between the two varieties of olive plant, A and B, shown
in Fig. 4.1.
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(iii) Under identical environmental conditions the rate of water uptake in plant A is higher
than plant B.
Explain why.
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(c) The density of stomata is an example of a leaf adaptation to the environmental conditions.
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(d) Water lost from the leaves enters the atmosphere.
Describe how water is recycled from the atmosphere back to the roots.
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[Total: 15]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 Ecologists study plants and animals in their natural environment.
Some ecologists inserted probes into the water-conducting tissue in trees, as shown in Fig. 4.1.
The ecologists measured the time taken for water to move up from probe 1 to probe 2.
tree probe 2
probe 1
data logger
Fig. 4.1
(a) (i) Name the water-conducting tissue into which the two probes were inserted.
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(ii) Describe how the structure of this water-conducting tissue is adapted to its function.
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(b) Explain the mechanism of water movement from the roots up the tree to the leaves.
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(c) Fig. 4.2 shows the rate of water conduction up three different trees in a forest over 24 hours.
2.5
tree A
2.0
1.5
rate of water
conduction
/ dm3 per hour
1.0
tree B
0.5
tree C
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
time / h
Fig. 4.2
(i) Describe the rate of water conduction in tree A, during this 24 hour period.
You will gain credit for using the data in Fig. 4.2 to support your answer.
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii) Suggest how the ecologists used the data in Fig. 4.2 to calculate the total volume of
water used by a tree in 24 hours.
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(iii) In Fig. 4.2, tree A is a tall tree, tree B is a medium-height tree and tree C is a short tree.
Suggest reasons for the different rates of water conduction in the three trees.
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[Total: 18]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
1 Fig. 4.1 shows a cross section of part of a stem of buttercup, Ranunculus.
Fig. 4.2 is an outline drawing of one vascular bundle from the stem of Ranunculus.
Fig. 4.1
Fig. 4.2
(a) Draw and label the position of the xylem and the phloem in the outline of the vascular
bundle in Fig. 4.2. [2]
[1]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(c) Substances transported in the phloem are carried upwards in the stem at some times
of the year and downwards at other times.
Explain why substances are transported in the phloem upwards at one time of the year
and downwards at another.
[4]
[3]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(e) The rattan palm is a plant that climbs on rainforest trees to heights of about 40 metres.
Explain how water is moved to the tops of tall plants, such as the rattan palm.
[4]
[Total: 14]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 This question is about transport in plants.
(a) Two pea plants, D and E, were supplied with substances containing the radioactive
isotopes, carbon-14 (14C) or phosphorus-32 (32P), as shown in Fig. 4.1.
fruit
seed
clear plastic
nutrient nutrient solution
bag with added
solution with added
radioactive
radioactive
carbon dioxide
phosphate ions
plant D plant E
Fig. 4.1
After several hours the plants were analysed for the presence of the radioactive isotopes.
Table 4.1
pea plant D
substance
sucrose
ucrose ph ions
transported
transport
tissue
sink
[4]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(b) State one substance, other than sucrose, that is produced in leaves and translocated
to other parts of the plant.
[1]
(c) Outline how sucrose is produced from carbon dioxide in pea plants.
[3]
2 [2]
(e) Explain how ions, such as phosphate ions, are absorbed by plant roots.
[3]
[Total: 13]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 (a Define the term growth.
[2]
Some students investigated the responses of tomato seedlings to receiving light from one
side (unidirectional light).
The students germinated tomato seeds in the dark and then placed the seedlings in
test-tubes with water. The seedlings were treated in four different ways, E to H, as shown in
Fig. 2.1. The responses of the seedlings are shown in Fig. 2.2.
E F G H
cover that light cannot get through
light
Fig. 2.1
E F G H
light
Fig. 2.2
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(b) Name the response shown by the tomato seedling, F, which has bent 90º towards the
light.
[2]
(c) Using the results shown in Fig. 2.2, suggest what conclusions may be made about how
the tomato seedlings detected the stimulus of unidirectional light.
You may refer to the seedlings by the letters E to H.
[3]
(d) Explain the advantage of the response shown by seedlings to unidirectional light.
[2]
(e) Responses to light are coordinated by plant growth substances known as auxins.
[2]
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(f) Research workers in India tested the hypothesis that pigments in tomato seedlings
detect blue light. They used a variety of tomato seedling that does not have the ability
to make a certain pigment.
These seedlings and a control group of seedlings were grown in the dark and then
exposed to unidirectional blue light for 360 minutes.
The scientists measured the degree of bending of the seedlings at intervals during the
360 minutes. Their results are shown in Fig. 2.3.
80
control
70 group
60
50
degree of
bending 40
30
20
10 no
pigment
0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
time / min
Fig. 2.3
[4]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii) Suggest an explanation for the differences between the responses of the two
groups of seedlings.
[2]
[Total: 17]
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4 Many growers of crops in glasshouses use carbon dioxide enrichment to improve yields.
[2]
Fig. 3.1 shows the carbon dioxide concentrations inside three glasshouses, D, E and F, on
a hot day with bright sunlight.
• Glasshouse F did not receive any extra carbon dioxide and the windows were closed.
The carbon dioxide concentrations in the glasshouses and in the atmosphere were
measured. The concentration in the atmosphere was 0.039 %.
D E F
CO2 CO2
Fig. 3.1
The rate of uptake of carbon dioxide by the crop plants was measured in grams of carbon
dioxide absorbed per square metre of glasshouse per hour. These results are shown in
Table 3.1.
Table 3.1
E 5.7
F 1.0
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(b) Suggest why it may not be cost effective to maintain a high concentration of carbon
dioxide in glasshouse E compared to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
[2]
(c) (i) Concentrations of carbon dioxide in all three glasshouses in Fig. 3.1 increased at
night. State why this happened.
[1]
[4]
[Total: 9]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
1 A student measured the uptake and release of carbon dioxide from a plant during 24 hours.
It was a very bright, sunny day between sunrise and sunset.
uptake of
carbon
dioxide
no net
uptake
or release
release of
carbon
dioxide
[1]
(ii) Using Fig. 2.1, state the times when there is no uptake or release of carbon
dioxide.
1.
2. [1]
[1]
(iv) Explain why it is important for plants that carbon dioxide uptake during the day is
greater than carbon dioxide released at night.
[2]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
The yields of tomatoes grown in open fields in India are very low compared with yields of
tomatoes grown in glasshouses in Europe.
In a study, scientists in India grew tomato plants in glasshouses and in open fields nearby.
The growth of the plants and the yields of tomatoes were recorded.
Table 2.1
(b)
b) The mean fresh mass of tomatoes grown in glasshouses was greater than the
mean fresh mass of tomatoes grown in open fields.
Calculate the difference in mean fresh mass as a percentage of the mean fresh
mass of tomatoes grown in open fields.
Answer = % [2]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii) Suggest how an increase in the height of the plants and the number of leaves on
each plant affects the yield of tomatoes.
[3]
(c) The scientists made sure that the only differences between the two groups of plants
were the result of the protection provided by the glasshouses.
Suggest the factors that the scientists should have kept the same for the two groups of
plants in this investigation.
[3]
(d) The growth and final yields of crops grown in open fields are often limited by
environmental factors.
Describe how these factors are controlled in commercial glasshouses to give high
yields of crops such as tomatoes.
[4]
[Total: 17]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 Fig. 4.1 is an electron micrograph of part of the lower surface of a leaf. Three stomata are visible.
Fig. 4.1
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(b) Stomata allow the movement of gases into and out of the leaf. During the daytime oxygen
passes out and carbon dioxide passes in.
(i) Explain why oxygen passes out of the leaf during the daytime.
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii) Describe the path taken by a carbon dioxide molecule after it has passed through the
stomata during the daytime until it becomes part of a glucose molecule.
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(c) Plants that live in different types of habitat have leaves that show adaptations for survival.
Table 4.1 shows some features of the leaves of three species of plant from different types of
habitat.
Table 4.1
(i) State how the stomatal density of annual meadow grass differs from the stomatal
densities of the other two species in Table 4.1.
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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii) Suggest explanations for the distribution and density of stomata in white water lily and
common myrtle as shown in Table 4.1.
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[Total: 14]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 Fig. 1.1 shows an animal cell and a plant cell as seen with a light microscope.
Fig. 1.1
(a) Table 1.1 shows some structural features of the animal cell and the plant cell in Fig. 1.1.
Table 1.1
cell wall ✗ ✓
nucleus
[4]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(b) The cells were kept in a dilute salt solution. They were then transferred to distilled water.
Explain what will happen to each of these two cells when they are placed into distilled water.
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(c) Magnesium is a plant nutrient. Scientists think that magnesium is involved in the transport of
sucrose from the leaves to the rest of a plant.
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The scientists grew some tomato plants with their roots in a solution that contained all the
mineral nutrients that plants require. After a while, the plants were divided into two groups.
After 12 days, measurements were made on the leaves and the results are shown in Fig. 1.2.
3.5 120
3.0 100
rate of movement of 2.5 sucrose concentration
sucrose out of the leaves in the leaves 80
/ arbitrary units 2.0 / arbitrary units
60
1.5
40
1.0
0.5 20
0.0 0
A B A B
group group
Fig. 1.2
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii) Describe the effect of magnesium deficiency on the transport of sucrose out of the leaves
and the sucrose concentration in the leaves.
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(iii) The plants in Group B remained in the magnesium-deficient solution for longer than
12 days. At the end of this time they showed symptoms of magnesium deficiency.
Describe and explain the symptoms that the plants would show.
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[Total: 16]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 The sweet potato plant, Ipomoea batatas, has fibrous roots and storage roots.
Fibrous roots absorb water and ions from the soil. Storage roots store insoluble
carbohydrates.
Fig. 3.1 shows the growth of these roots on a sweet potato plant.
stem
storage
roots
fibrous
roots
Fig. 3.1
(a) Explain, using the term water potential, how fibrous roots absorb water.
[3]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
The membranes of root hair cells contain proteins for the absorption of ions.
(b) Describe how root hair cells are adapted for the absorption of ions.
[3]
Sweet potato plants produce flowers to reproduce sexually. Sweet potato plants also
reproduce asexually when shoots grow from the storage roots to form new plants.
Fig. 3.2 shows the life cycle of sweet potato. The diploid number of this species is 90.
adult sweet
potato plant
............
flower
stamens carpels
young
meiosis
plant
male female
germination gametes gametes ............
embryo fertilisation
plant
zygote
............
Fig. 3.2
(c) Complete Fig. 3.2 by writing the number of chromosomes in the three boxes. [2]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(d) State two advantages and one disadvantage of asexual reproduction for plants, such
as sweet potato.
advantage 1
advantage 2
disadvantage
[3]
[Total: 11]
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