IIT JAM

DPP
KSHITIJ 2.0 PHYSICS 2024
Waves & Oscillation DPP: 1

Basics of Oscillation

Q1 A mass m, lying on a horizontal, frictionless are positive constant. The angular frequency of
surface, is connected to one end of a spring. small oscillations for the simple harmonic
The other end of the spring is connected to a motion of the particle about a stable minimum
wall, as shown in the figure. At t = 0, the mass is of the potential V(x) is:
−−−
given an impulse. (A) √2ω 0 (B) 2ω 0
−−−
(C) 4ω 0 (D) 4√2ω 0

Q4 A particle executes simple harmonic motion

with an amplitude of 10 cm. At what distance
from the mean position are the kinetic and
The time dependence of the displacement and potential energies equal?
the velocity of the mass (in terms of non-zero (A) 7.24 cm (B) 7.07 cm
constants A and B) are given by (C) 7.35 cm (D) 7.42 cm
(A) x(t) = A sin ωt , v(t) = B cos ωt

(B) x(t) = A sin ωt, v(t) = B sin ωt Q5 The maximum speed and acceleration of a
(C) x(t) = A cos ωt, v(t) = B sin ωt particle executing simple harmonic motion are
(D) x(t) = A cos ωt, v(t) = B cos ωt 10 cm/s and 50 cm/s .
2
Find the position(s) of
the particle when the speed is 8 cm/s.
Q2 A particle of mass moves m along the x-axis (A) 1.2 cm (B) 1.4 cm
under the influence of the potential (C) 1.5 cm (D) 1.7 cm
V (x) = V0 (e
−2αx
− 2e
−αx
) . If the particle
oscillates with a small amplitude around the Q6 In a simple harmonic motion
minimum of the potential, what is the period of (A) the maximum potential energy equals the
oscillation? Take m = 4, V0 = 2, and α =
3
maximum kinetic energy.
4

(in appropriate units). (B) the minimum potential energy equals the
(A) 0.12 (B) 1.33 minimum kinetic energy
(C) 8.37 (D) 11.17 (C) the minimum potential energy equals the
maximum kinetic energy
Q3 A particle of mass ‘m’ is moving in a potential (D) the maximum potential energy equals the
where and ‘a’
1 a
V (x) =
2
2
mω x
0
2
+
2mx
2
ω0 minimum kinetic energy

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Answer Key
Q1 (A) Q4 (B)

Q2 (C) Q5 (A)

Q3 (B) Q6 (A)

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Hints & Solutions

Q1 Text Solution:
At t = 0, the particle is at the mean position
x = A sin ωt

t = Aω cos ωt = B cos ωt

Q2 Text Solution:
dV
F = −
dx
−2αx −αx
F = −V0 [2 αe + 2 αe ]
Force constant,
−2αx −αx 2
F = 2V 0 α [ e + e ] ∂ V 2 3a
= mω + 4
∂x 2 x=x 0 0 mx
0
F = 2V 0 α 3 m ω x
2 2 4

2 0 2
mω + = 4mω
0 mx
4 0
0

(2 αx)
2
−− −−−−
2
4mω
[( 1 − 2 αx + −. . . . ) k
= √
0

2!
S o, ω = √
m m

2 2
ω = 2ω 0
α x
− ( 1 − αx + −. . . . )]
2!
Q4 Text Solution:
For small oscillations K.E = 1
mω
2
(A
2
− x )
2

2
2
F = −2V0 α x P.E = 1

2
mω x
2 2

2
F = −mω x
−−−−−
K.E = P.E
2
2V 0 α 3 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
ω = √ = = 0. 75T mω x = mω A − mω x
m 4 2 2 2

Time Period, T =
2π

ω
=
2×3.14

0.75
= 8. 37 sec 2x
2
= A
2

A 10
x = ± = = 7. 07cm
Q3 Text Solution: √2 √2

1 a
V (x) =
2
mω x
2
0
2
+
2mx
2
Q5 Text Solution:
2
∂V 2 a v = 10 cm/s, a = 50 cm/s
2
= mω x − 3
∂x 0 mx 2
amax = –ω A
2
∂ V 2 3a
= mω + 2
∂x
2 0 mx
4 50 = –ω A … (1)

At minimum potential, −−
2
−−−−−
2
v = ω√A − x
∂V
= 0 (at x = x 0 ) at vmax = ωA
∂x
1
10 = ωA … (2)
a a 4
2
mω 0 x0 + 3
⇒ x0 = ( ) ,
2 2
mx
0
m ω
0
On dividing (1) and (2) W e get

equilibrium position ω = 5
2 2 2 2 2
v = ω A –ω x
2 2
64 = 100 – ω x
2
64 = 100 – 25x
2
25x = 100 – 64 = 36
6
x = = 1. 2 cm
5

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Q6 Text Solution:
1 2 2
P otential energy = mω x
2

At x = A

(P . E max ) = (P . E)
at extreme position

1 2 2
= mω A
2
1 2 2 2
K. E = mω [A − x ]
2

At, x = 0

1 2 2
K. E = mω A = maximum
2

H ence maximum K . E = maximum P

.E

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