T HE U NIVERSITY OF S YDNEY

P URE M ATHEMATICS

Linear Mathematics Intensive January Session 2024

Tutorial 4
Tutorial exercises

nx o
1. Find a basis for the subspace V = y
z
∈ R3 2x + y = 3z of R3 .
2. Find the matrices associated
 x  to the following linear transformations.
x+2y
3 2


a) T : R −→ R ; y 7−→
z y−z .
x


b) T : R2 −→ R2 ; ( y ) 7−→ x+2y y .
n     4 o
6 2
3. Let X = 3 , 3 , −6 . Find the dimension of Span(X).
2 1 0

n1 2 3o

4. Let X = 0
0 , 10 , 21 . Show that X is a linearly independent subset of R4 . Does
0 0 0
Span(X) = R4 ? What is dim Span(X)?
n       o
1 1 1 3
5. Let X = 1 , 1 , 0 , 2 .
1 0 0 0
a) Show that X spans R3 .
b) Explain why X is not a basis for R3 .
c) Find a subset of X which is a basis for R3 .

6. You are given the following data points:

x 0 2 4
y 7 21 43

Construct a Lagrange basis {p0 , p1 , p2 } of P2 using the x values from the data set. Hence find
the unique quadratic p that fits the data exactly. Estimate the value of y when x = 1.

7. The matrix J is the reduced row echelon form of the matrix A.

! !
1 2 0 4 5 1 0 0 40 29
2 5 3 2 1 0 1 0 −18 −12
A= 4 10 7 8 3 J= 0 0 1 4 1
8 19 9 14 13 0 0 0 0 0
7 17 19 50 18 0 0 0 0 0

a) Find a basis, B, for the column space of A.

b) Write each of the columns of A that are not included in B as a linear combination of the
vectors in B.
c) Find a basis for the null space of A.
d) Verify that the sum of the rank of A and the nullity of A is the number of columns of A.
 Linear Mathematics Tutorial 4 Page 2

nw o
x
8. Find a basis for the subspace V = y ∈ R4 2x − y = z − 3w of R4 .
z

9. Which of the following functions are linear transformations.

a) T : P2 −→ R2 ; a + bx + cx2 7−→ ( a+b c ).
2
b) T : P2 −→ P4 ; p(x) 7−→√(p(x)) .
c) T : R2 −→ R; ( ab ) 7−→ a2 + b2 .
d) T : P2 −→ P2 ; p(x) 7−→ p(x + 1).
e) T : P2 −→ R; p(x) 7−→ p(3).

Extra exercises

10. Let X = {p1 , p2 , p3 } be a subset of P2 , where p1 (x) = x2 − x + 2, p2 (x) = 3x + 4 and

p3 (x) = 2x2 + x + 8. Does Span(X) equal P2 ? Find the dimension of Span(X).
 
0 1 0
11. a) Let A = 1 0 0 . Show that the null space of A can be interpreted geometrically as
0 0 0
points on the z−axis in 3-dimensional Cartesian space, and that the column space can be
interpreted as the points on the xy−plane.
b) Find a 3 × 3 matrix whose null space corresponds to the points on the x−axis in 3-
dimensional Cartesian space, and whose column space corresponds to the yz−plane.
c) Find the null space and column space of the 3 × 3 identity matrix.

12. Suppose that V and W are vector spaces and that T : V −→ W is a linear transformation.
a) Using induction on n, show that

T (r1 v1 + r2 v2 + · · · + rn vn ) = r1 T (v1 ) + r2 T (v2 ) + · · · + rn T (vn ),

for any r1 , . . . , rn ∈ R and any v1 , . . . , vn ∈ V .

b) Now suppose that S : V −→ W is another linear transformation and that {v1 , . . . , vn } is a
basis of V . Show that S = T if and only if S(vi ) = T (vi ), for i = 1, . . . , n.