CBT Questions & Answers

1) What is the acceptance criteria of MPT?

ASME SEC VIII, Div.1, Appendix-6

1A) What is the acceptance criteria of LPT?

ASME SEC VIII, Div.1, Appendix-8

2) Which welding process electrode is non-consumable?

GTAW

3) Welding qualification testing groove is in horizontal & pipe is in vertical position? What is
the position?
2G

4) What is the difference between GTAW & GMAW?

GTAW: Wire feed is manual, non-consumable tungsten electrode is used
GMAW: is a welding process in which an electric arc forms between a consumable MIG
wire electrode and the work piece.

5) What is the diameter of pipe when you welding external line-up clamp in pipeline?
For pipelines less than16” diameter, either internal or external line up clamp may be
used.

6) Which gas is not using in purging?

Nitrogen & Oxygen

7) What is the acceptance criteria of undercut?

As per API 1104:- Depth: depth>0.8mm or 12% of pipe wall thickness, whichever is
smaller.
Length:- 2” in a continuous 12” weld length or one sixth the weld length, whichever is
smaller.
As per ASME B31.3:- Depth: depth of undercut ≤ 1mm.
Length: cumulative length of internal & external undercut ≤ 1.5” in any 6” weld length OR
25% of total weld length, whichever is less.

8) Which documents required for welding inspection when you are going for inspection?
Approved drawing, Approved weld map, calibration certificates, approved welder JCC

9) What is discontinuity?
A lack of continuity or cohesion; an intentional or unintentional interruption in the
physical structure or configuration of a material or component.

10) Acceptance criteria for RT?

API 1104, B31.3, B31.8

11) Why we are doing charpy impact testing?

To check the toughness of the material/weld metal
12) What is the purging percentage in SS?
The back purging for stainless steel and nickel alloys shall reduce the oxygen level
below 0.05%.

13) Why undercut are appear in welding?

Slow travel speed
High welding current

14) Why we are doing pre-heat?

To slow down the cooling rate
To improve weld ability
To remove the moisture from the material.

15) How to find the weld strength?

By tensile test

16) What is the best method to find the surface defect?

LPT

17) What is the best method to reduce the residual stresses except PWHT?
Peening, post heating

18) What is the delay time between root pass & hot pass in cross country pipeline?
15 mins for vertical up & 5 mins for vertical down

19) Lamination in weld how can be find out?

UT

20) Lamination in pipe bevel prepared area?

LPT

21) Lamination in non-beveled area?

UT

22) PQR, WPS, WPQ abbreviation?

PQR: Procedure qualification record
WPS: Welding procedure specification
WPQ: Welder performance qualification

23) What is the relation between WPS & PQR?

 A WPS is a written qualified welding procedure prepared to provide direction for
making production welds to code requirements.

 PQR is a supporting document of WPS which records the result of testing a test
coupon

24) Nickel welding comparison with SS & CS?

Coefficient of thermal expansion, weldability
25) What is the design code for process piping?
ASME B31.3

26) DCEP & DCEN in which the current is constant?

DCEP

27) Convex fillet weld calculation?

Throat thickness = 0.707 x leg length
Leg length = 1.414 x throat thickness

28) What is the difference between MIG & MAG welding?

MIG: Metal inert gas welding, the shielding gas is used either argon, helium or a mix of
both or a combination with oxygen.
MAG: Metal active gas welding, the shielding gas is used carbon dioxide instead of inert
gas

29) GTAW essential variable other than SMAW?

Gas and Electrical variables are essential variables.

30) 2G welding position?

Groove horizontal & pipe in vertical position

31) Shielding helps to prevent oxidation?

True/False

32) Purging helps to molten weld pool?

True/False

33) Strength increases ductility?

Decreases

34) Plant piping welding defects Serious/unacceptable?

Cracks

35) Pre-heating is always required?

For slow down the cooling rate and to remove the moisture from the material.

36) Which dia of electrode not used in all position?

5 mm

37) TIG welding which conditions are wrong?

38) Welder qualified for 14mm thickness how much he will be qualified?
ASME SEC IX max to be qualified
API-1104 4.8 to 19.1mm

39) PT stands for?

Penetrant test
40) ASME SEC VIII code for?
Rules for construction of pressure vessels

41) Green strips in tungsten stands for?

Pure tungsten/100% Pure

42) MIG/MAG welding has what power source?

Constant current

43) AWS inspector can inspect which method?

Visual

44) What defect can be found if used damp electrode?

Porosity

45) What is the primary element for weld symbols?

Reference line

46) Purging in SS is given for what purpose?

Prevent oxidation

47) Acceptance criteria for RT?

Piping: ASME SEC 5 article 2 / ASME B31.3
Pipeline: API-1104

48) Major difference between MIG/MAG & SMAW welding in nickel steel?
MIG/MAG: Semi-automatic or automatic, wire feed is automatic and active or inert gas is
used
SMAW: Electrodes are used with no filler metal addition

49) Corrosion resistance alloying element?

Cr

50) Why we need to do PWHT after RT?

51) Purpose of shielding gas?

To prevent exposure of the molten weld pool to oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen
contained in the air.

52) Electrode covering uses?

Provide shielding of molten weld pool

53) RT film sensitivity can be measured by?

IQI

54) F-no is classified based on what?

Usability characteristics, Based on covering
55) What are the types of electrodes?
Rutile, Cellulosic, Basic

56) If a welder is qualified in 3G position which position he can be qualified?

F,V for groove, F,H,V for fillet weld ( 1G, 3G)

57) A welder qualification is revoked if he?

Fails to passes the initial production joints
He didn’t perform welding within 6 month

58) In a SMAW electrode what is the 2nd digit denotes?

Position

59) NDT acceptance criteria for pipelines?

API-1104

60) What are the components of HI?

Voltage, Ampere & travel speed

61) If an essential variable changes a WPS shall be?

Requalified

62) Which defects cannot be found in RT?

Planner defects, Lamination

63) What is the main difference between the welding processes GTAW/SMAW?
GTAW: Non-consumable tungsten electrode is used with filler metal addition and
shielding gas is used from the cylinder
SMAW: Electrodes are used, no shielding gas is used

64) If a discontinuity is found in NDE under the acceptance limit it shall be?
Accepted

65) Who is responsible for welder qualification?

AWS or CWI certified personnel

66) What is tensile strength?

The resistance of material to breaking under tension

67) During qualification of a WPS, tension test is performed, what is the minimum acceptable
rapture stress if a specimen breaks in the base metal?
95%

68) What type of power sources characteristics is required for autogenous welding?
Constant current

69) How you will have recognized the basic electrode?

AWS classification

70) 7018 electrode classification would be relevant to?

AWS A5.1
71) Which of the following flame type to be used for the cutting of mild steel?
Oxidizing flame

72) How to calculate the welding heat input?

V x A x 60 / travel speed

73) Groove weld diameter limits?

74) Pre-heating temperature?

Table 330.1.1 of ASME B31.3

75) Capillary action plays a role in which NDE method?

PT

76) What is interpass temperature?

Temperature maintain between the runs

77) International standard for welding for pipelines?

API-1104

78) International standard for the structural steel welding code?

ASME D 1.1

79) When you prefer to go for welder retest for qualification?

Not performed the welding within 6 month

80) As per the ASME B31.3 cracks to be found in the RT report what you will do?
Accept/Reject

81) High heat input observes in which welding position?

a. Overhead
b. Vertical

82) Galvanized pipe not welding because?

a. It is weaker than threaded pipe.
b. Internal defects while welding
c. he thicker the zinc coating, the more fumes are generated, and those fumes have
to be able to escape easily into the atmosphere and not be forced through the
liquid weld metal.
d. Galvanized paint will remove the welding heats.
e. All of the above

83) Root weld ….. Probe?

45 Degree (Normal Probe)

84) Maximum allowed under cut?

0.8 (But in option 1mm)

85) Welder qualified in 3Gposition, which position he can weld?

 F, V (Groove) and F, H, V (Fillet)
86) What is the time gap in between root and hot pass in pipeline?
Vertical down 5 minutes and vertical up 15 minutes.

87) Which Dia onwards need two welders?

More than 16”

88) NDT in engineering?

Nondestructive testing

89) While welding in root area if current is too high which defect will occur?
Burn through and Excess penetration

90) Corrosion resistance?

Chromium

91) Concave fillet weld calculation?

By throat

92) Which defect is not found in RT?

a. Lamination
b. Undercut
c. Crack
d. Slag

93) Tank Welding

API 650

94) If a false indication came on a radiographic film, it is rejected?

a. Always
b. Not always (If it is not on the area of interest it is acceptable

95) MPI which Standard?

ASME SEC VIII Appendix 6

96) Ductility related to?

a. Percentage of elongation
b. Reduction of cross section area
c. Both A & B

97) When we can remove internal clamp while welding pipeline?

After root completion

98) When we can remove external clamp while welding pipeline?

After root completion
99) Welder qualified in 6” Dia, what is the minimum and maximum dia he can weld?
2 7/8” (73mm) and Unlimited

100) Which NDT method is for detectable in surface defect?

DPT

101) Which defect is not acceptable in piping?

Cracks

102) Why we doing RT before and after PWHT?

NDT requirements
For tracking and traceability
It is better to do

103) Who will conduct WQT and Accept?

a. Inspection Department
b. Qualified Agency

104) What is the standard for structural welding?

AWS D 1.1

105) Root bend test done and crack happened on root area is this?
a. Accepted
b. Rejected

106) One elbow joint cut out, which test you will conduct before fit-up the same area as a
new bevel?
DPT

107) Which is best visible penetrant?

Fluorescent Penetrant

108) Welder qualified in 5G position, which are the positions he can weld?
Flat, Vertical & Overhead

109) How to Happening Slag Inclusion?

Incomplete slag removal from underlying surface of multipass weld
Slag flooding ahead of arc
Entrapment of slag in work surface.

110)PT cannot carried out temperature range 5 degree Celsius to 52 degree Celsius in a
specific joint. What is the next step for that?
a. Need to perform procedure test again
b. Clean the area and do it again
c. Dwell time select aw per ASME V appendix
d. Stop the PT
111) PT cannot carried out temperature below range 5 degree Celsius and above 52 degree
Celsius in a specific joint. PT cannot carried out above 60 degree Celsius.

112) Heating and cooling with furnace for material soft.

a. Annealing
b. Normalizing
c. Tempering
d. quenching

113) Groove slope surface against weld applied for what?

a. Groove face
b. Groove angle
c. Bevel angle

114) Work peace positive electrode negative is DC current polarity

a. Straight
b. Reverse

115) Cross country pipe line welding qualification

a. B 31.4
b. B31.8
c. API 1104
d. ASME Sec IX

116) Pipe line acceptance standard

API 1104

117) Storage tank welding qualification or acceptance criteria.

API 650

118) Radiography sensitivity find out.?

a. Penetrometer
b. Densitometer

119)Low hydrogen electrode

7018 or AWS A5.1

120)How to reduce the …… on hot electrode?

121)Cross-country pipe line for welding heat input should not exceed.?
a. 1.4kj/mm
b. 1.5/0.8/1.8 kj/mm

122)Welder welded 6 inch pipe and the min weld length how much required to take RT?
6 inch length

123)What are the documents to require the welding inspection?

a. WPS
b. PQR
c. welder qualification record
d. all of the above
124) Visual unlikely found defects OR less to find VT inspection
a. surface porosity
b. under fill
c. under cut
d. lamination

125) In plant piping mostly affected defects?

a. Internal defect
b. Surface
c. Sub surface
d. All of the above

126) Most affected element in steel.

a. C
b. Cr
c. S
d. MO

127) The welder doing slow speed the crack where will appear?
a. Toe
b. Weld center
c. Any where
d. Root

128) Pipe line miss alignment/offset is how much?

3mm maxi.

129) Which flame using for welding in steel

a. Neutral flame
b. Carburizing
c. Oxidizing
d. propane

130) Primary element in weld symbol.

Reference line

131) RT/UT acceptance criteria?

a. B 31.3
b. Sec VIII
c. Sec IX

132) PT acceptance standard?

ASME SEC VIII Appendix 8

133) MT acceptance standard?

ASME SEC VIII Appendix 6

134) Which material grade using above 400 degree centigrade?

135) Welder weld 6” dia pipe on SMAW process . what min length need testing for welder
qualification?
a. 6”
b. B. 10 “
c. Entire circumference
d. None of above

136)A weld joint has hoop stress of 20% in B31.8 what acceptance code?
a. API 1104
b. B31.8
c. ASW D1.1

137) Electrode E6010 requires how much time for drying in oven?
a. 2hrs.
b. 4hrs.
c. 1hrs.
d. Not required. ( As per ASME SEC II Table A.3)

138) Which electrode are having following grouping?

a. Basic
b. Cellulous
c. Rutile
d. All of the above

139) STRA test is for determined what?

a. Tensile strength
b. Ductility
c. Through thickness properties in Z direction (It measures through thickness
ductility of a steel plate (the Z direction)

140) Convex Fillet weld size can be determined by

a. Theoretical throat of convex weld
b. Leg of convex weld
c. Throat of convex weld
d. Face of weld

141) SFA number for electrode E8018

a. A5.1
b. A5.5
c. None

142) NDT method for testing fillet weld

a. RT
b. PT
c. UT
d. MT

143) In FCAW process how can we protect the arc during windy climate?
a. Shielding gas
 b. Flux in filler wire
c. Wind shielding usages
d. All of the above

144) Duties of welding inspector WPS/WPQT

a. Identify the samples
b. Witness in the test
c. Cutting the specimen
d. Testing
e.
145) Due to what crater pipe defect occur?
a. High voltage
b. Technique
c. Filler type
d. Base metal properties

146) Which NDT method used to check finished weld surface defect by MIG process on
aluminum alloy pipe?
a. MT
b. PT
c. RT
d. UT

147) What defect due to damp electrodes

a. Porosity
b. Lack of root fusion
c. Crack
d. Under cut

148) Welding machine calibration on which standard?

a. SAES-M-100
b. BS 7570

149) When changed non-essential variable. What will you do for that particular WPS to use in
site?
a. Rewrite and revise the WPS and after approval use the same in site
b. Use a WPS with the that changed non-essential variable in the site

150)Two important characteristic of H.I. together with travel speed?

a. Current and voltage
b. Current and resistance

151) Lamellar cracks due to

a. Highly restrained joint configuration
b. High hardness

152) Cold lapping……

153) Essential variable for SMAW welder qualification?

 a. Addition of baking
b. Change in 4G to 1G position
c. Change in vertical up to vertical down
d. None of the above

154) When pre heating is done what changes in material?

155) A welder welded with ER 316 electrode, he can weld with ER 70S2?
a. True
b. False

156) Most alloying element of steel?

a. Carbon

157) SATRA test for what?

a. Checking through thickness ductility in Z direction

158) Purpose of alloying material Cr in steel?

a. Increase in corrosion resistance
159) A welder qualified 6” pipe, he can weld 2” pipe?
a. 2-7/8” and above
b. 1” and above
160) What is the electrode quiver temperature?
a. 65 Celsius
161) Lamination test for pipe?
UT
162) The V groove surface between deposited weld metal & bevel surface
a. groove face
b. bevel face
c. bevel angle
d. groove angle
163) which is the essential variables for welder qualification?
a. change in direction
b. change in electrode dimension
c. change in filler classification
d. change in base metal thickness
164) which method is used for detecting the sound beam in volumetric defect?
a. LPT
 b. UT
c. RT
d. Eddy Current

165). What you will check first, when welding automatic machine?
a. Machine condition
b. Calibration certificate
c. Welding current
d. Voltage
166) which gauge use to checking mis-match on the bevel joint?
a. Hilo gauge
167) which electrode is not baking?
a. 7018
b. 7010/6010 (cellulosic electrode)
168) Pre welding helps to welds meets:
a. reducing cracks and slow down the cooling rate.
b. reducing toughness & cracks
c. increase brittleness & slow down cooling rate
169) how many bend test required for 5G position?
a. 4 (as per sec IX QW 452.1 (a) Note No.1)
b. 6
c.7
d.2
170) Best method for stress reliving?
PWHT
171) Planner & Non Planner defects?
1. UT & RT
2. PT & MPT
3. ET
172) PT abbreviations
 a. Penetration test
b. Liquid Penetration test
c. Both A&B

173) Welding qualification for process piping?

a. ASME B31.3
b. ASME B31.8
c. ASME B31.4
d. ASME B31.2
174) 6G position?
a. 45°
b. 90°
c. 120°
175) Non resistance to failure by pulling load?
a. Tensile Test
b. Impact test
c. Shear Test
176). MIG & MAG process welding position….
a. Incomplete joint preparation
b. Incomplete fusion
c. Undercut
d. Under fill
177). Diameter limits for 2 welders same joint?
a. 16” / 18” / 14” / 20”
178). SMAW essential variables for WPS?
179). Grinding the surface prior to PT?
180). Four sides bend test substituted for 2 face and 2 root bend test thickness limit?
a. 3/4”
b. 1/2”
c. 3/8” (ASME Sec IX QW 451.1 Note.5)
 d. 1”
181) Sudden cooling austenitic stainless steel material what will happen”
a. Martensite
b. carbide

182) Concave fillet weld calculation

Leg length
183) Convex fillet weld calculation
Actual throat thickness
184) Low hydrogen electrode E 7018 maximum size?
a. 5mm (1G, 1F)
b. 4mm (All Position)
c. 6mm
185) Flux in SMAW electrode used ?
a. alloying
b. de-oxidation
c. shielding
d. All of the above
186) Which of the following will not be include in PQR?
1. Joint design
2. PWHT
3. Metal thickness
4. Process
187) High Frequency sound wave related NDT method ?
1. UT
2. RT
3. PT
4. MPT
188) Which are the two factors along with travel speed help to calculate Heat Input?
Current & Voltage
189) E 6010 electrode type and useability?
 Cellulose & good penetration

190) Under cut acceptance criteria as per B31.3

1. 0.5mm
2. 1mm ( less than or equal to 1Mm)
3. 2mm
4. 2.5mm
191) Crater pipe cause in which Arc process?
GTAW Process
192) Tank welding performance qualification done in which code?
API 650
193) Leak test done by which process?
1. diesel test
2. vacuum box
3. PT
4. All of the above
194) Arc is showing terminated during welding for which defect shall control?
Arc strike may be the cause of cracking in the base material.
195) Three types of SMAW Electrodes?
Cellulosic, Basic, Rutile.
196) What is weld encroachment ? Which Dimension ?
Weld encroachment is the. minimum distance between welds. Minimum distance
between parallel but welds shall be 20mm or three times the wall thickness whichever is greater
197) External clamp shall be placed at what diameter pipe?
1. For pipe lines less than 16” diameter, either internal or external line-up clamp
may be used.
2. External line-up clamp may be used for pipe diameter 16” or larger, if approved
by CSD engineer with a condition that 100% RT is performed to the production weld
198) Root & Hot pass weld interval time limit?
 15 mins for vertical up & 5 mins for vertical down
199) welder retest requirement details?
1. 8 months
2. 12 months
3. continuous repair welder
200) FCAW electrode second digits means?
Position
E70T-5C
E- electrode
7-Maxi. Tensile strength
0-Position
T-Tubular electrode (flux cored)
5-usability
C-shielding gas
E-7018
E-electrode
70-tensile strength
1-position
8-current polarity
ER70S-3
ER70S-3 indicates an electrode or welding rod (ER) that will produce weld metal of a
minimum 70,000 psi tensile strength (70); is a solid bare wire or welding rod (S); of a specific
chemical composition (3)

201) Nickle welding problems?

1. Lack of penetration
2. Lack of side wall fusion.
202) Heat Input calculation?
V x A x / travel speed x1000

203) Single V groove weld , welding done which area?

 1. Bevel angle
2. root face
3. bevel face
4. all
204) Which welding process is not ARC process?
1. SMAW
2. GTAW
3. GMAW
4. ESG
205) 5G- which position welder can weld?
The 5G test position qualifies for the horizontal position. (as per sec IX QF.303)
206) welder qualified 6” dia pipe min he can weld ?
1. 2”
2. 1”
3. 2 7/8”
4. 6”

207) What is the strength of fillet weld ?

a.Throat thickness
b. Leg length
c. weld bead wide
d. weld profile
208) Hoop stress comes in which code?
API 1104
ASME B31.8 (Para 821.4)

209) if welder is qualified in 3G , what is his qualification limit?

c. 1G, 2G, 3G, 1F, 2F, 3F
d. 2G, 3G, 2F, 3F
e. 1G, 3G, 1F, 2F,3F
f. 3G, 3F
g. 1G, 3G
210) After welding when RT can be taken?
In alloy steel after 72 hours , and for other material 48 hours.
211) What is the mim. Test specimen required to do side bend if the thickness coupon is ¾”?
a. 2
b.6
c.4
d.1

212) which angle probe required to find defects in root area?

a. 30°
b. 45°
c. 60°
d.15°
213) Electrodes, filler wire and fluxes are in which standards?
ASME SEC IIC
214) if welder is qualified in 3G groove , what is his qualification limit?
a. 1G, 2G, 3G, 1F, 2F, 3F
b. 2G, 3G, 2F, 3F
c. 1G, 3G, 1F,3F
d. 3G, 3F
e. 1G, 3G
215) What is the acceptance criteria standard for RT & VT in process piping
ASME B31.3
216) what is the maxi. Size of electrode allowed except 1G/1F position?
a. 5mm
b. 3mm
c. 4mm
d. none of the above

217) what is the percentage of oxygen level in stainless steel?

a. 0.1%
b.1%
c.˃0.05%
d.˂0.05%
218) Shielding gases protects the weld pool during welding?
 True/False
219) Shielding gases protects the root weld from oxidation?
True/False
220) In WPS should contain the following?
a. Filler Metal
b. Base Metal
c. Preheat
d. All of the above
221) What is the min. time for root & hot pass between for pipeline welding?
a. ˃15 min
b. ˂5 min
c. ˂10 min
d. none of above
222) qualification for groove weld also qualify a welder?
a. stud weld
b. overhead weld
c. fillet weld
d. all of the above.
223) A WPS must describe of
a. essential variables
b. non-essential variables
c. supplementary essential when req. notch
d. all of the above.
224) The person who will certify the PQR and make plan?
a. API inspector
b. welder
c. manufacturer or contractor
d. none of the above.
225) The record of welder performance test is called?
a. PQR
b. WQR
 c. WPS
d. WPQ
226)