Geography - came from the Greek words "geo,"

meaning "earth" and "graphy" that means "to

Bodies of water
write."
- Rivers are made of freshwater running
- the study of Earth's landscape, people,
toward larger bodies of water like oceans or
places and environment
seas.
Elements of Geography - Waterfalls are cascades of water running
down to a natural basin.
1. World in Spatial Terms - Geography studies
- Seas are bodies of salt water.
the relationships between people places,
- Lakes are large inland bodies of water.
and environments by mapping information
- Oceans are enormous body of water. Four
about them into a spatial context.
major oceans in the world: Pacific Ocean,
2. Places and Regions - The identities and lives
the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and
of individuals and people are rooted in
the Arctic Ocean.
particular places and in those human
constructs called regions. Landforms are formations on the earth's
3. Physical Systems - Physical processes shape surface.
Earth's surface and interact with plant and
- Mountains are land formations attracting
animal life to create, sustain, and modify
travelers with great interests in hiking and
ecosystems.
climbing.
4. Human Systems - People are central to
- Valleys are lowland areas between hills or
geography. Human activities, settlements,
mountains. Sometimes a river runs through
and structures help shape Earth's surface,
it.
and humans compete for control of Earth's
- Plateaus or high plains are remarkable are
surface.
remarkable land formations where the top
5. Environment and Society - The physical
of highest point of elevation is flat or plain.
environment is influenced by the ways in
which human societies value and use Travel or Itinerary Planning - Tourism
Earth's physical features and processes. practitioners and tourists find geography
significant in tourism in terms of traveling or
itinerary planning.
Roles of Geography in Tourism
Let us look at the perspective of a practitioner on the
- the geographical characteristics of tourism importance of geography in the field of tourism:
as it covers people and its activities, places,
destinations, and environment.

This simply gives us an idea on the roles of

geography in tourism, such as the following:

Product of Tourism and Travel Motivator -

Attractions are the most important pillar of tourism,
which serves as a pull factor that brings tourists to
the destination, or it creates a visit

Climate refers to the existing weather condition in a

region. In the Philippines, people only experience
wet (rainy) and dry (summer) seasons. Climate
becomes an attraction that pulls travelers to visit a
certain country.
List of different types of Maps - Cat ba island

- Physical Maps Laos

- Topographic Maps
The country was used to be
- Political Maps
called “lan xiang” means
- Weather Maps
“kingdom of million
- Economic Maps
elephants”
- Resource Maps
- Population Maps
- World Maps
- Capital: Vientiane
Asia - Currency: Kip (LAK)
- Language: lao
- Countries: 48
- Religion: Buddhism, tai folk religion,
- Largest country: china
Christianity
- Smallest country: Maldives
- Carrier: lao airlines (QV)
Regions
Tourist destination
- Central asia
- Luang probang – world heritage site
- Soutern asia
- Plain of jars
- Eastern asia
- Pak ou caves
- Western asia
- Southeast asia

South-Eastern Asia – 11 Cambodia (kingdom of Cambodia)

- Vietnam - Capital: Phnom Penh
- Laos - Currency: Riel (KHR)
- Cambodia - Language: Khmer
- Thailand - Religion: Buddhism
- Myanmar - Carrier: Cambodia Angkor air (K6)
- Malaysia
- Singapore Tourist destination
- Indonesia
- Angkor wat - world heritage site
- Brunei
- Royal palace
- East Timor
- Ratanakiri
- Philippines

Vietnam
Thailand (kingdom of Thailand) was
- Capital: Hanoi formally called “siam”
- Currency: Vietnamese dong (VND –
- Capital: Bangkok
victor,
- Currency: baht (THB)
- Language: Vietnamese
- Language: Thai
- Religion: Buddhism, Taoism,
- Religion: Buddhism
Confucianism
- Carrier: Thai airways (TG)
- Carrier: Vietnam airline (VN)
Tourist destination
Tourist destination
- Phra Nakhon si Ayutthaya – world heritage
- Halong bay- world heritage site
site
- Hue
- Bangkok
 - Phuket

Myanmar (known as Burma)

- Capital: NayPyi Taw Indonesia – largest archipelago in the world. 17,500

- Currency: Myanmar kyat islands
(MMK)
- Capital: Jakarta
- Language: Burmese
- Currency: Indonesia rupiah (IDR)
- Religion: buddhism
- Language: Bahasa Indonesia
- Carrier: Myanmar national
- Religion: islam
airport (UB)
- Carrier: garuda Indonesia (GA)
Tourist destination
Tourist destination
- Bagan or “land of a thousand pagodas”
- Borobudur temple – world heritage site
- Mandalay palace
- Bali
- Mandalay
- Flores island
Malaysia
Brunei
- capital: Kuala lumpur
- Capital: bandar seri Begawan
- currency: Malaysian ringgit (MYR)
- Currency: brunei dollar (BND)
- language: malay
- Language: standard malay
- religion: islam
- Religion: islam
- carrier: Malaysian airlines (MH)
- Carrier: royal brunei airlines (BI)
tourist destination
Tourist destination
- gunung mulu national park – world heritage
- Jerudong park
site
- Billionth barrel monument
- legoland
- Tasek merimbun
- petronas tower – tallest twin tower
East Timor – youngest nation
Singapore – originated from the word
“singapura”. “simha” (lion) and “pura” - capital: dili
(city). The lion city. - currency: united states dollar
- language: Portuguese and tetun
- capital: Singapore
- religion: roman catholic
- currency: Singapore dollar (SGD)
- carrier: president nicolau lobato
- languages: mandarin, Malay, Tamil, and
international airport (DIL)
English
- religions: islam, Hinduism, buddhism tourist destination
- carrier: Singapore airlines (SQ)
- dili
tourist destination - suai
- jaco island
- merlion
- night safari
- Singapore zoo
 activities without joining that country’s labour
market.

Refugee/Asylum Visa - Refugee visas and asylum

Philippines
visas can be granted to individuals fleeing
- capital: manila persecution, war, natural disasters and other
- currency: Philippine piso (PHP) situations in which their life is at risk.
- Languages: filipino, english, and taglish
Spousal Visa - Spousal visas allow partners to visit
- Religions: Christianity, roman catholic, and
each other when the couple does not hail from the
islam
same country.
- Carrier: Philippines airlines (PAL)
eVisa - eVisa, or electronic visa, is a digital visa that is
Tourist destination
stored in a database rather than stamped or glued
- Banaue rice terraces - world heritage sites into the bearer’s passport.
- Historic city of vigan – world heritage sites
What Does a Visa Look Like - Traditional visas can
- boracay
either be stamped or glued into your passport. If
- siargao
your visa is glued into your passport, it is usually a
small document that includes your name, passport
Visa - A visa is an official document that allows number, place of birth, reason for travel and
expiration date.
the bearer to legally enter a foreign country.
Visa Policy - A country’s visa policy is a rule that
Work Visa - Work visas are required for individuals
states who may or may not enter the country.
who wish to take on employment or engage in
business activities in the host country When Do I Need a Visa - When you need a visa
depends on where you’d like to go. If your home
Student Visa - A student visa is a type of
country has a visa agreement with the country to
nonimmigrant visa that allows the bearer to enrol at
which you intend to travel, then you likely will not
a postsecondary educational institution in the host
need to apply for a visa beforehand. However, if
country.
your home country does not have a visa agreement
Working Holiday Visa - Working holiday visas allow with your intended destination, then you must apply
the bearer to undertake temporary employment in a for a visa before travelling.
country through which they are travelling.
Global Passport Power Rank 2022
Transit Visa - Travellers may sometimes require
1. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
transit visas in order to pass through a country that
is not their destination country. 69. PHILIPPINES
Immigrant Vs. Nonimmigrant Visas - Immigrant
visas allow the bearer to reside permanently in the
host country, whereas nonimmigrant visas allow the
bearer entry into the host country on a temporary
basis.

Travel/Tourist Visa - Travel visas allow the bearer to

enter a foreign country for touristic and leisure
purposes only and stay for a predetermined amount
of time.

Business Visa - A business visa allows the bearer to

enter the host country and engage in business
 What is operation management?

- Is the management of process that

transform inputs into goods and services
that add value for the customer

The goal of operations management

- Is to maximize efficiency while producing

goods and services that effectively fulfill
customer needs

Individual work section

- Some of the department