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10
SCIENCE 10
QUARTER 4
Week 1

Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment

Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

PREPARED BY: Vivian B. Pelegrino MT-1

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SUBJECT & Science

10
QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 DAY __________________________________
GRADE/LEVEL dd/mm/yyyy

TOPIC BOYLE’S LAW and CHARLE’S LAW

1. Investigate the relationship between:
a. volume and pressure at a constant temperature of a gas
LEARNING
COMPETENCY
b. volume and temperature at a constant pressure of a gas
(S9MT-IIj-20).
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your all answers for the SAQ,
Practice, and Try items on a separate sheet/s of paper.

UNDERSTAND
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

The model, called the kinetic theory of gases,

assumes that the molecules are very small relative to the
distance between molecules. The molecules are in
constant, random motion and frequently collide with each
other and with the walls of any container.
The individual molecules possess the standard physical
properties of mass, momentum, and energy. The density of
a gas is simply the sum of the mass of the molecules
divided by the volume which the gas occupies.
The pressure of a gas is a measure of the linear momentum
of the molecules. As the gas molecules collide with the walls of a container, the molecules
impart momentum to the walls, producing a force that can be measured. The force divided
by the area is defined to be the pressure. The temperature of a gas is a measure of the
mean kinetic energy of the gas. The molecules are in constant random motion, and there
is an energy (mass x square of the velocity) associated with that motion. The higher the
temperature, the greater the motion.

Gas Variables and Definitions

• Pressure (P) – is a measure of the linear momentum of the molecules. It is

caused by the collision of molecules with container walls.
• Temperature (T) – measures the average kinetic energy of molecules.
• Volume (V) – the amount of space an object takes up.

Boyle’s Law

Robert Boyle, a famous English chemist, discovered in

1662 that if you pushed on the gas, its volume would
decrease proportionately. For example, if you doubled the Robert Boyle
pressure on a gas (increase the pressure two times), its
volume would decrease by half (decrease the volume two times). The opposite is also

PREPARED BY: Vivian B. Pelegrino MT-1

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true. If you reduced the pressure on gas by

3.5 times, then its volume would increase
by 3.5 times. This law is an example of an
inverse relationship - if one-factor
increases, the other factor decreases.
It states that if the temperature is held
constant, the volume of a given amount of
gas is inversely proportional to its pressure,
V α 1/P. Mathematically, Boyle's Law is
expressed as P1V1 = P2V2.

The figure shows the volume of a

sample of gas when pressure increased
while maintaining the temperature. Note
the inverse relationship of pressure and volume.

Applications of Boyle’s Law

Boyle's Law is important when using

a syringe. When the plunger of a syringe
is pulled out, the volume inside the barrel
increases, resulting in a decrease in the
pressure inside the barrel. Fluids (such as
water) flow from a high-pressure area to a
low-pressure area. It means that once the
pressure inside a syringe is lower than the
pressure outside the syringe, fluid near
the needle (e.g., water, medicine, etc. will
flow into the syringe.

Let’s Practice I! (Answer using the separate sheets provided.)

Activity 1: Silly Marshmallow

This activity demonstrates Boyle's Law through marshmallows and syringes.

Materials

• Small or large marshmallows, depending on the size of the syringe

• Syringe with lid

Instructions

• Place the marshmallows into the syringe.

• Insert the plunger until it touches the
marshmallows.
• Place the lid on the syringe, or use your
thumb.
• Slowly pull the plunger out and then back
down and observe what takes place

SAQ 1: What happens to the marshmallows when you pushed in the plunger?
What happens when the plunger was pulled out?
SAQ-2: Can you explain these observations in terms of Boyle’s Law?

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Activity 2.
Now, it’s time for you to experience Boyle’s Law in action.

Materials:

• Small balloons such as water balloons (2,

additional 2 optional)
• 60 mL syringe (without needle) Note: the
syringe needs to be airtight.
• Scissor
• Tap water
• Food color (optional)

Prep Work
Fill the syringe with water. Then fill one balloon with some
of the water and tie its opening with a knot. Cut the neck
off right above the knot. The balloon should still be small
enough to fit into the syringe.

Use the syringe to fill the second balloon with a little bit of
air. It should be the same size as the water-filled balloon.
Again, tie the balloon opening with a knot and cut off the
remaining parts right above the knot.

Procedure:

1. Put the air-filled balloon inside the syringe at

the very end. Insert the plunger into the
syringe and try to push the balloon into the tip
of the syringe.

How hard is it to push the plunger in? What happens to the air inside the
syringe?
2. Pull the plunger back again and
move the balloon into the middle of the
syringe. Then close the front opening
(the tip) of the syringe with one finger
and push the plunger into the syringe
again.

What do you notice? How does the balloon change when you push the plunger?

3. Release your finger from the tip of the syringe. Place the balloon into the syringe
tip and push the plunger until it touches the balloon. Then pull the plunger back while
again closing the syringe tip with your finger.

How does the balloon shape change? Can you explain why?

4.Replace the air-filled balloon inside the

syringe with the water-filled balloon. Then
place the plunger into the syringe. Close
the tip of the syringe with your finger, and
push the plunger into the syringe as hard
as you can.

How does the balloon change this time?

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5. Release your finger from the tip of the syringe, then push the plunger until it touches
the balloon at the syringe tip. Then close the syringe tip again with your finger and try to
pull the plunger back as far as you can.

What happens to the water-filled balloon? Does it behave differently than the air-
filled balloon? If yes, how and why?

Charle’s Law

In the 1780s, Jacques Charles was investigating the

properties of gases. He found a relationship between
temperature T and volume V when the pressure P is
constant. For a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the
volume of a gas increases as the temperature increases. It
is an example of a direct relationship. Mathematically,
Charle's Law is express as V1/T1 =V2/T2

Applications of Charle’s Law

Jacques Charles
If you fill a helium balloon in a warm or hot room and
then take it into a cold room, it shrinks up and looks like it
has lost some air inside. But if you take it back to a warm Helium Balloon
or hot place, it fills back up and seems to be filled again.
The helium inside spreads out and takes up
more space or volume when it is warmer. It is
because atoms move faster when they are
warmed. When it cools down, helium atoms
contract or pulls in and takes up less space.

It is important to fill the tires with air to keep

the air pressure inside the tires at a good level to
keep the car driving well. However, you should
always measure the tire pressure before driving
when the car is cooled down. Why?
The reason relates to Charles' Law. As you drive
around during the day, the tires get hot from all
the friction rubbing against the road. The air
inside the car tires expands, so the volume of air in the tire increases. Because the tire
is not sealed completely, this can affect the pressure as well. It can change the
measurement of how much air pressure is in the tire. So you should always measure
the pressure when the tires are cold, and fill them to the right pressure then.

Let’s Practice II!

ACTIVITY 2:
Materials:

▪ At least 15 balloons, same type, and shape

▪ Freezing Area (freezer or refrigerator)
▪ Heating Element (hot water or hot day outside)
▪ Thermometer
▪ String, at least 2 feet long
▪ Metric Ruler

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Procedure

1. 1. Inflate all of your balloons in a room-temperature room. The more balloons you have,
the more reliable your data will be.
2. 2. Measure the circumference of each balloon by wrapping a piece of string around it.
Make a mark where the string overlaps with the beginning of the string, then hold the
string next to a ruler.

Note: One way to easily do this is to write a number on each balloon, and then when you
measure the circumference, you can write down the number of the balloon you measured.
Also, record the current temperature.

3. 3. Put at least 5 of the balloons into the refrigerator or freezer, along with a thermometer.
Leave at least 5 more balloons to sit at room temperature with another thermometer as
your control group. Finally, put at least 5 more balloons in a hotter area (but not too hot!)
with another thermometer.
4.
5. 4. After 30 minutes, measure the room-temperature balloons again with the string and
ruler to see how much air has leaked out. Do this again after another 30 minutes. The
change in circumference should be small. Record these numbers for each balloon. Also,
record the temperature in the room.
6.
7. 5. Immediately after checking the control balloons, remove the experimental balloons
one at a time from the freezer and measure them. If they have lost their spherical shape
due to shrinking, try to mash them back into roundness, but don't waste too much time on
this. They must still be very cold when you measure them! Record these numbers
carefully. Also, record the temperature inside the refrigerator.
8.
9. Guide Question:
10.
11. What do you think the correlation between change in temperature, change in shape
and change in pressure of the balloon is?

REMEMBER
Key Point
• Boyle’s Law tells us about the relationship between the volume of a gas and its
pressure at a constant temperature. The law states that the volume is inversely
proportional to the pressure
• When gas is under pressure, it takes up less space. The higher the pressure, the
smaller the volume.
• Charle’s Law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases as the
temperature of a gas increases (and the volume decreases, when the temperature
decreases). They are directly related.

TRY
Good Job for accomplishing the given activities and for answering every question correctly!
Now, let us deepen your learnings by answering the exercises below ☺
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. (Answer on a separate sheet of paper.)
A. 1. Who was the English scientist 10. The relationship of which two
who made accurate observations on variables are compared in Charles's Law?
how pressure and volume are related? A. pressure and volume
B. pressure and temperature
A. Robert Boyle C. volume and temperature
B. Jacques Charles D. volume and moles
C. Gay-Lussac
D. Avogadro

PREPARED BY: Vivian B. Pelegrino MT-1

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B. Identify what law is applied to the

2. When the pressure goes down, what given situations:
happens to its volume?
A.
A. rises Deep-sea fish die
B. goes down when brought to
C. stays the same the surface.
D. rises then falls
3. The temperature and volume of a
gas are directly related. This is a _______________________
statement of
B.
A. Boyle’s Law Note that when
B. Charle’s Law you open the
C. Combined Gas Law bottle of soda
D. Ideal Gas Law quickly, the gas
rushes from
4. What happens to the temperature of everywhere in the
the gas, as the volume of gas goes up.? form of foam,
A. goes up causing a mess.
B. goes down ___________________
C. stays the same
D. goes down, then up
5. Which graph demonstrates Boyle's C.
Law? the vertical axis is V and the The bubbles
horizontal axis is P exhaled by a
scuba diver
A. grow as they
approach the
surface of the
ocean.
______________________________

B.

D.
C. Balloons inside the refrigerator and
balloons outside.
_______________________________

D. E.
A slightly
underinflated
rubber life raft left
in bright sunlight
6. Last summer vacation, the Cruz
family decided to have a beach party on swells up.
their way to the beach, the car tire
exploded. What is the probable _____________________________
explanation for the blown-out tire during
a long summer drive?

A. High temperature causes a

decrease in volume.

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B. The amount of gases inside the .

tire is increased.
C. The mass of gases inside the tire F. A football
increases caused a blown-up tire. inflated inside and
D. The volume of gases increases as then taken outdoors
the temperature increases, causing a on a winter day
blown-up tire. shrinks slightly.

7. A toy balloon left under the sun at

noontime is likely to expand and burst, ___________________________________
illustrates
A. Boyles’s Law G.
B. Charle’s law
C. Ideal Gas Law
D. Avogadro’s Law

8. According to Charles' law, as the

temperature of a given gas at constant
pressure is increased, the volume will
also

A. increase The plunger on a turkey syringe

B. remains the same thermometer pops out when the turkey is
C. decrease done.
D. changes randomly
__________________________
9. If the pressure on a gas is constant
and the volume has decreased the
temperature will

A. increase
B. remains the same
C. decrease
D. changes randomly

10 Examples of Charle’s Law in real life. Retrieved from

https://studiousguy.com/ examples-charles-law-daily-life/. June
12, 2020

Steven Spearson. 2018. 10 Boyle’s Law Examples in Real Life.

https://owlcation. com/stem/Examples-of-Boyles-Law.Retrieved
REFERENCE/S June 13, 2020

http://sciencefair.math.iit.edu/projects/balloon/Retrieved June 13, 2020.

Kinetic Theory of Gases. Retrieved from

https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/kinth.html.April
24, 2021

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This material is not intended for uploading nor commercial

use but purely for educational purposes and the utilization of the
Zamboanga City Division only.

PREPARED BY: Vivian B. Pelegrino MT-1

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