INS Vikrant (2013)

INS Vikrant (2013)
INS Vikrant (pronounced [vikraːnt̪ə])[20] is an

aircraft carrier in service with Indian Navy.
The carrier is India's fourth carrier and the
first to be built in India. It was constructed
by the Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) in
Kochi, Kerala. The namesake Vikrant is a
tribute to India's first aircraft carrier INS
Vikrant (1961). Vikrant means
"courageous" in Sanskrit.[21] The motto of
the ship, "जयेम सम् युधिस्पृधः" (Sanskrit),
means "I defeat those who dare to
challenge me" (English).
Work on the ship's design began in 1999.

The keel was laid in 2009. The carrier was
floated out of dry dock in December
2011[22] and launched in August 2013.[23]
Basin trials were completed in December
2020,[24] and sea trials started in August
2021.[25] Its commissioning ceremony was
held on 2 September 2022.[26] Aircraft
flight trials will be completed in
2023.[25][27] The total cost of the project is
approximately ₹23,000 crore (equivalent to
₹260 billion or US$3.2 billion in 2023) at
the time of first sea trials.[4][5]
Vikrant's air group
can consist up to 26
Rafale M fighters[28]
and up to 4 Kamov
INS Vikrant
Ka-31,[29] or 2 HAL
Dhruv NUH[30] or 4 History
MH-60R[31] India
helicopters.[5] It is Name Vikrant
262 metres (860 ft) Namesake Vikrant (1
in length, with a top Operator Indian

speed of 28 knots Navy
(52 km/h; 32 mph) Ordered 2004
and endurance of Builder Cochin
7,500 nautical miles Shipyard
(13,900 km; Limited
8,600 mi). The ship
has 2,300 Cost ₹23,000 crore
compartments (equivalent to
manned by 1,700 ₹260 billion
seamen. It has a or
US$3.2 billion
hospital complex,
in 2023)[4][5]
cabins for female
Laid 28
officers, eight
down February
kilometres (5.0 mi)
2009
of corridors, and
Launched 12
eight generators
August
capable of lighting
2013
up a city of 2 million
Acquired 28 July
people.[32]
2022 [1]
Commissioned 2
Septe
2022
Background
Identification Pennan
numbe
In 1999, Defence
R11
Minister George
Fernandes Motto जयेम सं
युधिस्पृधः
authorised the
(Sanskrit)
development and
"I defeat
construction of an
those who
aircraft carrier, INS
fight
Vikrant, under the against
Project 71 Air me"
Defence Ship (translated)
(ADS).[33] By that Nickname(s) IAC-1
time, given the
Status In active
ageing Sea Harrier service[2][3]
fleet, the letter of Badge
intent called for a
carrier that would
carry more modern General
jet fighters. In 2001, characteristics
Cochin Shipyard Displacement 45,0

Limited (CSL) dis
released a graphic 45,0
illustration showing lon

ton
a 32,000-tonne
(31,000-long-ton; Length 262 m
35,000-short-ton) (860 ft)
STOBAR (Short Beam 62 m
Take-Off But (203 ft)
Arrested Recovery) Height 59 m

design with a (194 ft)[6]
pronounced ski Draught 8.4 m
jump. (28 ft)
Depth 25.6 m
The aircraft carrier
(84 ft)
project received
Decks 14
formal government
Installed 4 × Gener
approval in January
power Electric
2003. By then,
LM2500
design updates
Gas
called for a 37,500-
Turbine
tonne (36,900-long- (88 MW)
ton; 41,300-short- 2 × Elecon
ton) carrier to COGAG
operate the Mikoyan Gearbox
MiG-29K. India Propulsion Two
opted for a three- shafts
carrier fleet Speed 30 kn
consisting of one (56 km/h;
carrier battle group 35 mph)[17]
stationed on each Range 8,000 nmi

seaboard, and a (15,000 km;
third carrier held in 9,200 mi)[7]
reserve, in order to Crew 196

continuously protect officers,
both its flanks, to 1,449

sailors
protect economic
(including
interests and
air
mercantile traffic,
crew)[12]
and to provide
Sensors Elta EL
humanitarian
and 2248 M
platforms in times
STAR
of disasters, since a
carrier can provide a processing multif
self-generating systems radar.
supply of fresh Selex R
water, medical 40L 3D

Band A
assistance or
Survei
engineering
Radar
expertise to
Electronic DRDO
populations in need
warfare Shakti
for assistance.[34]
& decoys suite[17
In August 2006, Kavach

Chief of the Naval anti-
Staff Admiral Arun missile

system
Prakash stated that
Maareec
the designation for
Advanc
the vessel had been
Torped
changed from Air Defenc
Defence Ship (ADS) System
to Indigenous Armament 2×32 ce

Aircraft Carrier VLS Ba
(IAC). The 8 SAM

(Range
euphemistic ADS
0.5 km
had been adopted in
(0.31 m
planning stages to
to 100
ward off concerns (62 mi
about a naval build-
4×
up. Final revisions to Otobre
the design 76 mm
increased the (3 in) d
displacement of the purpos
carrier from 37,500 canno
tons to over 45,000

tons. The length of 4 × AK-6
the ship increased CIWS[1
from 252 metres Aircraft 36 Aircraft

(827 ft) to 262 carried Fixed-wing
metres (860 ft).[35] Rafale
order
Design
MiG-2
(Trial
A schematic diagram of INS Vikrant HAL T

(Trial
INS Vikrant is 262
HAL T
metres (860 ft) long
devo
and 62 metres
HAL A
(203 ft) wide, and
cons
displaces about
Rotary-win
45,000 tonnes
Kamo
(44,000 long tons; AH-64
50,000 short (In
tons).[36] It features cons
a STOBAR HAL P
(Trial
configuration.[37] It
can carry an air MH-60
group of up to thirty- HAL D
six aircraft,[38] Aviation 12,500

including 26 fixed- facilities m2 flight
wing combat deck[9]
aircraft,[39] and a
mix of Dhruv MK-III, Sikorsky MH-60R and
Kamov Ka-31 helicopters. The Ka-31 will
fulfil the airborne early warning (AEW) role,
MH-60R will provide anti-surface and anti-
submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities,[40]
and Dhruv will be used mainly for search
and rescue operations.[41]
Vikrant is powered by four General Electric

LM2500+ gas turbines on two shafts,
generating over 80 megawatts
(110,000 hp) of power. The gearboxes for
the carriers were designed and supplied by
Elecon Engineering.[22][42][43]
The ship's combat management system

(CMS) was developed by Tata Advanced
Systems.[18] It is the first CMS developed
by a private company for the Indian Navy
and was handed over to the Navy on 28
March 2019.[44][45]
Carrier air group
The maiden landing of a MiG-29K

onboard INS Vikrant (R11)
Earlier, the Indian Navy considered fielding

MiG-29K,[46] and LCA Navy on Vikrant.[47]
At the same time, in 2009, the then navy
Chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma hinted
that the Navy was carrying out a concept
study for a more capable naval fighter,[47]
which turned out to be the HAL TEDBF,
unveiled at 2021 Aero India airshow.[48] In
June 2012, Flight Global reported that the
Indian Navy was considering the purchase
of Dassault Rafale M (Naval variant) for
Vikrant.[49] The Rafale was by then
declared the winner of IAF's MMRCA
competition.[50]
In 2016, the Navy announced that the

Tejas was overweight for carrier
operations, and other alternatives would
be looked at.[51][52] In 2017, a request for
proposal was issued for 57 "Multi-Role
Carrier Borne Fighters",[53] which was later
cut down to 26 fighters act as a stop gap
measure until the TEDBF is developed.[54]
In December 2020, Boeing Defense, Space
& Security, in coordination with the United
States Navy, demonstrated F/A-18E/F
Super Hornet's capability to operate from
STOBAR carrier.[55][56][57]
HAL Dhruv onboard Vikrant during

sea trials
In 2022, the Indian Navy began testing the

Rafale M and Boeing F/A-18E/F Super
Hornet at a shore-based test facility at INS
Hansa in Goa.[58][59][60][61] The Navy started
the fixed wing aviation trials with Tejas
Naval variant. This to be followed by MiG-
29K trials.[62]
On 6 February 2023, two arrested landings

were made by MiG-29Ks, and also by a
HAL Tejas (Naval Variant).[63]
Ultimately, the Indian military chose the

Rafale M from France for compatibility
with its logistics system.[64] During his visit
on 14 July 2023, PM Narendra Modi will be
the guest of honor at the Bastille Day
parade in France, during which India is
expected to announce the purchase of 24
to 30 Rafale fighter jets.[65][66] The Indian
government announced the selection of
the naval variant of Rafale jets to equip the
Indian Navy with the latest-generation
fighter, Dassault Aviation said on July
15.[11]
The prototype of the TEDBF is to be
readied by 2026 and its production is to
begin by 2032. Naval Tejas being a
technology demonstrator development of
niche technology for deck based fighter
operations, paving the way for TEDBF.[54]
Construction
IAC-1 on its maiden sea voyage.
Vikrant is the first aircraft carrier to be

designed by the Warship Design Bureau
(formerly Directorate of Naval Design) of
the Indian Navy and the first warship to be
built by Cochin Shipyard. Its construction
involved participation of a large number of
private and public firms.
The Defence Metallurgical Research

Laboratory (DMRL) and Steel Authority of
India Limited (SAIL) created facilities to
manufacture the DMR 249 grade steel in
India.[22][67] Reportedly, 26,000 tonnes
(26,000 long tons; 29,000 short tons) of
three types of special steel for the hull,
flight deck and floor compartments were
manufactured at the Bokaro Steel Plant,
Jharkhand, Bhilai Steel Plant, Chhattisgarh
and Rourkela Steel Plant, Odisha. Due to
this, Vikrant is the first ship of the Indian
Navy to be built completely using
domestically produced steel.[68]
The main switch board, steering gear and

water tight hatches have been
manufactured by Larsen & Toubro in
Mumbai and Talegaon; high-capacity air
conditioning and refrigeration systems
have been manufactured in Kirloskar
Group's plants in Pune; most pumps have
been supplied by Best and Crompton;
Bharat Heavy Electricals (BHEL) supplied
the Integrated Platform Management
System (IPMS), which is being installed by
Avio, an Italian company; the gear box was
supplied by Elecon Engineering; and the
electrical cables are being supplied by
Nicco Industries.[69] Fincantieri provided
consultancy for the propulsion package
while Russia's Nevskoye Design Bureau
designed the aviation complex.[70]
The keel for Vikrant was laid by Defence

Minister A.K. Antony at the Cochin
Shipyard on 28 February 2009.[71][72] The
ship uses modular construction, with 874
blocks joined for the hull. By the time the
keel was laid, 423 blocks weighing over
8,000 tons had been completed.[73] In
August 2011, the Defence Ministry
reported to the Lok Sabha that 75% of the
construction work for the hull of the lead
carrier had been completed and the carrier
would be first launched in December 2011,
following which further works would be
completed until commissioning.[74][75] On
29 December 2011, the completed hull of
the carrier was first floated out of its dry
dock at CSL, with its displacement at over
14,000 tonnes (14,000 long tons; 15,000
short tons).[42] Interior works and fittings
on the hull would be carried out until the
second half of 2012, when it would again
be dry-docked for integration with its
propulsion and power generation
systems.[7][22] By late 2012, work
commenced for the next stage of
construction, which included the
installation of the integrated propulsion
system, the superstructure, the upper
decks, the cabling, sensors and
weapons.[76]
Launch
INS Vikrant during its launch in

August 2013
In July 2013, Defence Minister Antony

announced that Vikrant would be launched
on 12 August at the Cochin Shipyard. The
ship was launched by his wife, Elizabeth
Antony, on 12 August 2013.[77]
According to Admiral Robin Dhowan,
about 83% of the fabrication work and 75%
of the construction work had been
completed at the time of launching. He
said that 90% of the body work of the
aircraft carrier had been designed and
made in India, about 50% of the propulsion
system, and about 30% of its weaponry.
He also said that the ship would be
equipped with a long range missile system
with multi-function radar and a close-in
weapon system (CIWS).[78] After the
launch, Vikrant would be re-docked for the
second phase of construction, in which the
ship would be fitted with various weapons
and sensors, and the propulsion system,
flight deck and the aircraft complex would
be integrated.[69]
Undocking and fitting-out
INS Vikrant during its undocking in

June 2015
Vikrant was undocked on 10 June 2015

after the completion of structural work.
Cabling, piping, heat and ventilation works
were scheduled to be completed by 2017
with sea trials to begin thereafter.[79] By
October 2015, the construction of the hull
was close to 98 percent complete, with
flight deck construction underway.[80] The
installation of machinery, piping and the
propeller shafts was in progress by
January 2016; it was reported, however,
that there were delays in the delivery of
equipment from Russia for the carrier's
aviation complex.[81] By May 2017, the
carrier's fitting-out was 62% complete, with
trials of the auxiliary systems scheduled
by late 2017.[12]
In February 2020, all major structural and

outfitting work was declared complete.[82]
Harbour and sea trials
Basin trials of the aircraft carrier.
On 31 October 2019, Cochin Shipyard

received a ₹30 billion (equivalent to
₹37 billion or US$470 million in 2023)
contract for the Phase-III of the project.[83]
This contract included funds for the
harbour trials, sea trials and support for
the ship during its weapons and aviation
trials after its delivery.[84] In December
2019, it was reported the engines had
been switched on.[85] By September 2020,
Vikrant had completed harbour trials while
the basin trials started from October 2020
to check propulsion, electric transmission
and shafting systems.[86] On 30 November
2020, the basin trials were completed,
paving the way for sea trials, the final
phase of the IAC-I project.[87][88]
A Westland WS-61 Sea King

approaches Vikrant while on sea trials
In April 2021, it was reported work had

begun to integrate the long-range surface-
to-air missile (LRSAM) onboard
Vikrant.[89][90][91] On 15 June 2021, Vikrant
was moved to the Ernakulam Wharf in
Kochi, Kerala.[92] On 4 August 2021, sea
trials finally began.[93] The first phase of
the sea trials was successfully completed
on 8 August 2021.[94] The second phase of
the trials was conducted on 24 October
2021,[95] followed by the third phase from
9–17 January 2022,[96][97][98] both of which
were completed successfully.[99] On 10
July, the fourth and final phase of the sea
trials was successfully completed. This
phase involved integrated trials of most of
the equipment and systems aboard
Vikrant, including portions of the Aviation
Facilities Complex.[100] On 26 May 2023
Indian built Mikoyan MiG-29K successfully
landed on its deck during night sea trials
lauding praise from defense ministry for
Navy's dependence on Atmanirbhar
Bharat.[101]
Completion and
commissioning
Prime Minister Narendra Modi

commissioned INS Vikrant on 2
September 2022 in Kochi, Kerala.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi

commissioned INS Vikrant on 2
September 2022 in a grand ceremony at
Cochin Shipyard.[26][102] Earlier, INS Vikrant
was delivered to the Indian Navy on 28
July 2022.[2] Flight trials of its aircraft
complement are expected to be
completed by mid-2023, after which the
ship will be fully operational.[25] In March
2020, it was revealed that after its
commissioning, the Navy will deploy
Vikrant at Larsen & Toubro's shipyard in
Kattupalli near Chennai. This was done as
the planned naval base in Rambilli near
Vishakhapatnam was not ready yet.[103]
The Navy wants to lease a 260 m berth at

Kattupalli shipyard for 8 years between
2022 and 2030 for interim berthing of the
ship, by which time the naval base at
Rambilli is expected to be available.[103] On
6 February 2023, the naval variant of the
Tejas became the first fixed wing fighter to
launch from and recover to Vikrant.[104] On
22 March 2023, the Vice Chief of Navy
Staff, Vice Admiral SN Ghormade, returned
the bell originally placed on the previous
Vikrant to Commodore Vidhyadhar Harke,
the new ship's first commanding officer. In
1997, the bell of the decommissioned
namesake ship was placed at the
residence of Indian Navy Vice Chief, 5
Motilal Nehru Marg, New Delhi.[105]
LCA Tejas maiden landing onboard

INS Vikrant (R11)
Following the Formal Commissioning of
Vikrant, a proposal was made to build
another IAC class carrier before INS Vishal
. By November 2023 a ₹400 Billion worth
proposal for a new carrier was on track to
be approved by the Defense Acquisition
Council — the country's top defense
decision-making body headed by defense
minister, Rajnath Singh.[106][107]
The new carrier, which can hold at least 28

fighter jets and helicopters will displace
45,000 tons of water and will be flying the
French Rafale jets intiallly, but will soon fly
HAL TEDBF fighters[108]
Commanding officers
Took Left
Name Notes
command command
Captain
31 December
Vidhyadhar Harke 7 May 2021 First CO of Vikrant.[109]
2023
VSM
Captain Birendra S 31 December Commissioning CO of

Present
Bains VSM 2023 INS Visakhapatnam (D66).[110][111]
Project delays
The construction plan originally called for

the carrier to be launched in 2010,[112] sea
trials to commence in 2013, and to be
commissioned in 2016.[113][114] However,
the project experienced some delays such
as delay in the delivery of main gearboxes,
aviation equipments etc., and cost
overrun.[115] The supplier of gearboxes,
Elecon, attributed it to technical
complexities due to the length of the
propulsion shafts.[116]
A part of the blame for the delay in delivery

of Vikrant was attributed to the delay in
the supply of aviation equipment from
Russia. In response to a question in the
Rajya Sabha, Sripad Naik, the Minister of
State for Defence, stated: "Ship's targeted
delivery was affected due to delay in
supply of aviation equipment from
Russia".[117] Later due to the Covid-19
pandemic, sea trials of the carrier were
further postponed to late 2020,[118] but
eventually began in August 2021. The
carrier was commissioned on 2
September 2022.[119][120][121]
Gallery
Vikrant with Vikrant and Vikrant and
INS Vikrama Vikramadity Vikramadity
ditya a during an a with two
undertaking exercise. Kolkata-
joint carrier class
operations. destroyer
and a
Talwar-
class
frigate.
Vikrant Vikrant Vikrant with
performing undertaking INS Kolkata
manoeuvres a during sea
with replenishme trials.
Vikramadity nt at sea
a. with
INS Deepak.
Vikrant Vikrant
during sea during sea
trials. trials.
See also
Future of the Indian Navy

List of active Indian Navy ships
List of aircraft carriers in service
INS Vikramaditya
INS Viraat
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113. Unnithan, Sandeep (18 February 2009).
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y.in/index.php?option=com_content&task
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114. Sharma, Suman (7 October 2010).
"Indigenous Aircraft Carrier's nucleus
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9/02/asia/india-indigenous-aircraft-carrier
-vikrant-commissioned-intl-hnk-ml/index.h
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1?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq33
1AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3D#amp_tf=
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External links
Delay in equipment Wikimedia

Commons
from Russia affected
has media
the delivery schedule of related to
INS
INS Vikrant (https://ww
Vikrant
w.defencestar.in/militar
y/indian-navy-news/def (ship,
2013).
ence-news-india-updat
es-delay-in-supply-of-equipment-from-ru
ssia-affected-delivery-of-indias-aircraft-c
arrier-ins-vikrant/)
Images during the launch of Vikrant (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20130815055
217/http://www.indianexpress.com/pict
ure-gallery/the-ins-vikrant-know-all-abou
t-the-carrier/3204-1.html)
Making of Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (ht
tp://www.indiandefencereview.com/new
s/making-of-indigenous-aircraft-carrier/
0/) , Transition to Guardianship: The
Indian Navy 1991-2000, Vice Adm (Retd)
G M Hiranandani
Indigenous Aircraft Carrier on Bharat
Rakshak (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0120217185025/http://www.bharat-raks
hak.com/NAVY/Ships/Future/185-India
n-Aircraft-Carrier.html)
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=INS_Vikrant_(2013)&oldid=1197312181"
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INS Vikrant (2013) - Wikipedia

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INS Vikrant (pronounced [vikraːnt̪ə])[20] is an

Work on the ship's design began in 1999.

262 metres (860 ft) Namesake Vikrant (1

in length, with a top Operator Indian

jet fighters. In 2001, characteristics

Cochin Shipyard Displacement 45,0

released a graphic 45,0

illustration showing lon

35,000-short-ton) (860 ft)

STOBAR (Short Beam 62 m

Take-Off But (203 ft)

Arrested Recovery) Height 59 m

stationed on each Range 8,000 nmi

third carrier held in 9,200 mi)[7]

reserve, in order to Crew 196

both its flanks, to 1,449

supply of fresh Selex R

water, medical 40L 3D

In August 2006, Kavach

Staff Admiral Arun missile

to Indigenous Armament 2×32 ce

(IAC). The 8 SAM

tons to over 45,000

from 252 metres Aircraft 36 Aircraft

A schematic diagram of INS Vikrant HAL T

tons).[36] It features cons

group of up to thirty- HAL D

six aircraft,[38] Aviation 12,500

wing combat deck[9]

Vikrant is powered by four General Electric

The ship's combat management system

The maiden landing of a MiG-29K

Earlier, the Indian Navy considered fielding

In 2016, the Navy announced that the

HAL Dhruv onboard Vikrant during

In 2022, the Indian Navy began testing the

On 6 February 2023, two arrested landings

Ultimately, the Indian military chose the

IAC-1 on its maiden sea voyage.

Vikrant is the first aircraft carrier to be

The Defence Metallurgical Research

The main switch board, steering gear and

The keel for Vikrant was laid by Defence

INS Vikrant during its launch in

In July 2013, Defence Minister Antony

Undocking and fitting-out

INS Vikrant during its undocking in

Vikrant was undocked on 10 June 2015

In February 2020, all major structural and

Basin trials of the aircraft carrier.

On 31 October 2019, Cochin Shipyard

A Westland WS-61 Sea King

In April 2021, it was reported work had

Prime Minister Narendra Modi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi

The Navy wants to lease a 260 m berth at

LCA Tejas maiden landing onboard

The new carrier, which can hold at least 28

Captain Birendra S 31 December Commissioning CO of

The construction plan originally called for

A part of the blame for the delay in delivery

Future of the Indian Navy

1. "Indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant