A framework for developing EFL reading vocabulary

By AlanBulletd
Hunt (Kansai University)
Summary
- Effective second language vocabulary acquisition is crucial for EFL learners.
- The article reviews and critiques second language reading vocabulary research.
- A systematic framework is proposed to speed up lexical development.
- The framework includes two approaches: explicit and implicit lexical instruction and
learning strategies.
- Explicit strategies involve acquiring decontextualized lexis, using dictionaries, and inferring
from context.
- Implicit strategies can include integrated task sets, narrow reading, and extensive reading.
- Extensive reading is emphasized as the primary way for EFL learners to build advanced
reading vocabulary.
- The framework advocates for a balanced approach between explicit and implicit activities
for L2 learners at all levels.
- The article highlights the need for comprehensive theories of vocabulary acquisition and
the challenges faced by EFL learners.
- Vocabulary teaching is considered important for curriculum developers, materials writers,
teachers, and researchers.
- A combination of explicit and implicit instruction and learning is deemed most effective for vocabulary
development.
- Extensive reading is an important approach for implicit lexical instruction and learning.
- Many EFL reading programs lack sufficient richly contextualized, comprehensible input.
- Native English speakers read about one million running words per year, while EFL learners read
significantly less, often relying on intensive translation.
- Meeting words in context is crucial for vocabulary acquisition, although temporary explicit
decontextualization can enhance the pace of learning.
- Meaning-focused reading should be the primary focus in EFL classrooms for long-term vocabulary
development and reading fluency.
- Implicit learning through activities like integrated task sets, narrow reading, rereading, timed and paced
readings, and especially extensive reading can enhance vocabulary growth.
- Extensive reading involves learners selecting and reading large amounts of materials within their level of
comprehension.
- Successful extensive reading programs integrate it with other language skills and encourage large
quantities of reading over extended periods.
- Extensive reading has been shown to improve motivation, reading, writing, spelling, vocabulary growth,
and reading fluency.
- Incidental learning through extensive reading leads to incremental vocabulary growth, although it may
require reinforcement or additional reading for retention.
- Regular exposure to large amounts of comprehensible text is crucial for effective extensive reading.
- Repeated contextualized exposures and knowing a high percentage (around 98%) of the vocabulary in a
text are necessary for consolidation and elaboration of word meaning.