10강
2. zb2 ) 다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것
1. zb1 ) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
In American colleges, one student out of two
still recently believed that 'cavemen' had to
defend themselves against dinosaurs.
Prehistorians often deplore the ignorance of the
public, and express their surprise that even those
who seem interested in the past is inclined to
accept the most unsound ideas. Yet the struggle
of humans against dinosaurs could be considered
a kind of knowledge - one that is erroneous -
rather than simply the manifestation of ignorance.
An erroneous idea does not become less absurd
merely for being shared by half the population; it
becomes nevertheless interesting as a social
phenomenon. In fact, the image of the caveman
fighting dinosaurs is not entirely devoid of
factual elements: nobody will deny that the
dinosaurs really existed, just as prehistoric
humans did. On the other hand, the origin of the
deep-seated conviction that our ancestors shared
the Earth with the dinosaurs remains obscure,
because human remains have never been found in
the same geological formations as dinosaur bones,
and no scholar has risked suggesting that our
ancestors lived alongside these giant reptiles. It
was non-experts, rather than scientists, who
forged this idea, thus leaving us an excellent
illustration of ordinary thinking at work.
We should remember that already Buffon was
imagining the world of the first humans as 'a vast
desert peopled with monsters' of which our
ancestors often became the prey'; it was only with
time that they 'made the wild beasts gradually
retire... purged the earth of those gigantic
animals, whose enormous bones are still to be
found'.
* deplore: (특히 공개적으로) 개탄하다 ** devoid of:
~ 이 없는 *** forge: 꾸며내다
[지문출처: Explaining Human Origins Myth, Imagination and
Conjecture (Wiktor Stoczkowski ) p.29]
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은?
Indeed, the English word 'write', along with
those used in nearly all Indo-European languages,
derives originally from a word meaning to 'carve',
'scratch' or 'cut' - underscoring the importance
of the simple mechanical process behind our
entire literate culture.
Writing as we know it today was not a single
technology stemming from a single invention. It's
a combination of various innovations which took
place over a long period, with differing effects in
different parts of the world. (A) the
stages of evolution it went through are very
similar in all the different places. The earliest
incarnations of all these writing systems were
pictographic. They consisted of simplified drawings
acting as stylised representations of concrete
entities: a house, a river, a drawing of the head
of a cow to represent a cow. As their use spread,
so they began to accumulate broader meanings
based on the context of this use and to be
combined together to create ideograms. Bird+egg,
(B) , represented fertility. But the most
significant stage in their development was when
they began to be used to represent not simply
ideas but also sounds. Once this happened, writing
could imitate spoken language rather than
operating as a separate, parallel system of
communication. It was this transition which led to
the fully flexible systems we have today.
A key invention in the evolution of writing was
the alphabet. This originated somewhere in the
vicinity of Egypt or Palestine around 2000 BC and
produced a writing system which was easy to
learn, was quick to write and avoided the
ambiguities of many earlier scripts.
* incarnation: 구체화한 것 ** entity: 독립체 ***
ideogram: 표의문자(글자가 언어의 음과 상관없이
일정한 뜻을 나타내는 문자)
[지문출처: The Emoji Revolution How Technology is Shaping the
Future of Communication (Philip Seargeant) p.28~29]
- 1 -

(A) (B)
But therefore
But for example
So for instance
So moreover
Also in addition
3. zb3 ) (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 표현
으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Indeed, we often receive the same comment
about the underestimation effect-"If people feel
more emboldened to ask, won't they just irritate
others more with their frequent requests?" Our
answer to this question is "no," and we base it on
three streams of research that, taken together,
suggest people are more likely to walk away with
a positive impression of help-seekers than one
might assume.
People tend to (A)[overestimate / underestimate]
how harshly others will judge them. This dynamic
may apply to the case of help-seeking. Even a
small request can make the help-seeker feel
self-conscious, embarrassed, and guilty. In our
research, we have found that the anxiety
help-seekers experience over how their request
will come across is surprising to potential helpers
who do not know what all the fuss is about. In
one study, we asked two samples of potential
helpers (teaching assistants and peer advisors) to
estimate the number of students who would seek
their help during a single semester. The peer
advisors overestimated by over 60%, and the
teaching assistants by 20%, the number of
students who would ask them for help. This
prediction error (B)[emerged / disappeared] even
though the peer advisors had been students
themselves the prior year, and the majority of
teaching assistants had worked as teaching
assistants before (often for the same class).
Nevertheless, their past experience as
help-seekers offered (C)[no / many] clues in
predicting others' future help-seeking behavior.
Although help requests tend to be satisfied more
often than people expect, there remain times when
requests for help are not satisfied, either because
the potential helper was unwilling or unable to
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provide assistance. These episodes are likely to
loom large in our minds.
* fuss: 쓸데없는 걱정
[지문출처: Six Degrees of Social Influence: Science, Application,
and the Psychology of Robert Cialdini (Douglas T. Kenrick, Noah
J. Goldstein, Sanford L. Braver)]
(A) (B) (C)
overestimate emerged no
overestimate disappeared many
overestimate emerged many
underestimate disappeared many
underestimate emerged no
4. zb4 ) (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현
으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Regardless of your office size, always have the
visitor’s chairs facing toward you so that you’re
separated from them by the width of the desk to
preserve your tactical position. If the back of your
desk chair faces a wall, allow yourself plenty of
room to roll your chair back from your desk if
you want to create more space between you and
an office visitor.
The effective use of time is one of the ultimate
ways to display authority, even when you don't
have (A)[it / them]. Whoever controls time
controls the situation in most instances. They will
always remind anyone who wants to meet with
them that their time is valuable. However, there
may be situations (B)[which / where] you will want
to reverse your use of tight time tactics. Let's say
you have agreed to meet with one of your peers
to discuss a difficult situation that has developed
between your two respective departments. You
need more help from your peer than she needs
from you to get things resolved, even though
you've told her your time is limited. When she
enters your office at the appointed hour, take
your watch off (C)[ostentatious / ostentatiously],
and place it face down on your desk. Say, "My
time belongs to you for as long as you need it."
Watch the cooperation level of your peer go up
exponentially at the outset of your meeting. You'll
be able to get anything you want from her.
- 2 -

Alternatively, taking your watch off and placing
it face up on your desk without saying a word
announces to your visitor that they had better
make their point in short order because you
haven’t got much time.
* exponentially: 기하급수적으로
[지문출처: 1001 Ways to Get Promoted (David E. Rye)]
(A) (B)
it which
it where
it where
them where
them which
5. zb5 ) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가
장 적절한 곳은?
Havin thanked her for her kindness.
There lived three poor orphans named Havin,
Mabel, and Anthony. They were siblings, and they
loved each other so much. In their town lived
Mrs. Annabel, a widow, who was the town's
doctor. She was a lovely woman, but she had no
children. Every morning Havin and his siblings
would go to the town square to beg for food and
clothes. Mrs. Annabel loved Havin's little sister,
Mabel, and gave her big apples every day. ( ) [지문출처: Bedtime Stories for Kids A short Stories Collection
One day, Mrs. Annabel needed help to organize
her garden, and Havin and his siblings offered to
help.
Together, they planted vegetables and flowers.
"Oh, they are so delightful," Mrs. Annabel said to
herself. Havin and his siblings were very good
kids, and they were loved by everyone in town. (
) Then one day, Mabel became seriously ill.
Havin carried her on his back and ran down to
the town's clinic. Mrs. Annabel immediately took
Mabel from Havin and placed her on the
examination table. Little Mabel lay weakly on the
table. "I don't want to die," she cried weakly.
"Come on, baby, you will be just fine!" Mrs.
Annabel assured her.
After examining her, Mrs. Annabel brought out
a needle and an apple. ( ) She said to Mabel, "I
have an apple for you, but I'll only give it to you
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after you receive this injection." Mabel looked at
the needle with fright. "I hate needles, Mrs.
Annabel." "I know, darling. But if you promise to
be brave, I'll take you to my house and give you
some ice cream." Mrs. Annabel assured her. Mabel
lay bravely on the bed and allowed Mrs. Annabel
to do her job. She eventually woke up feeling
better.
(C) After Mabel's recovery, Havin went to Mrs.
ostentatious Annabel's clinic. "Ma'am," he called out as he
ostentatiously knocked softly on her door. "Do you need
something?" she asked him. "Thank you for taking
ostentatious
care of Mabel, but I don't have any money to pay
ostentatiously her bills," he spoke shyly. "Don't worry, dear
ostentatious Havin. This one is all on me," Mrs. Annabel said
to him. ( ) Two months later, Mrs. Annabel
adopted Havin and his two siblings. She loved
them like her own children and took good care of
them. She took them to the town's school. ( )
They did well in school and won prizes every
school year. Mrs. Annabel was proud of them,
and they lived happily ever after.
MR. LONG NOSE
There was a man who lived in a treehouse. He
had a very long nose, so people called him Mr.
Long nose. Mr. Long nose had visited several
countries in the world, and he could speak at
least thirteen global languages. Mr. Long nose was
a brilliant man, skilled in the usage of numbers
and letters, and every parent wanted their
children to learn from Mr. Long nose.
Age 2-6 (Simply Insight Team)]
6. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절
zb6 )
한 것은?
People are quite emotional about the values they
believe their societies should be built on and, as
mentioned earlier, tend to feel that others who do
not share their worldviews are not just wrong, but
"bad" and immoral, and perhaps stupid as well.
Attitude polarization is currently increasing, at
least in North America and Europe.
- 3 -

(A) In other words, while one could expect that
the availability of a broad ideological spectrum
of media information could foster engagement
with views diverging from one's own,
experimental research suggests that it actually
leads to increased affective polarization.
People's in-group biases are strengthened by
the new opportunities to get in touch with
like-minded people.
(B) Confirmation bias influences which sources of
information people utilize; in fact, there seems
to be a vicious circle involved: Increases in
polarization cause stronger confirmation
biases, which, in turn, lead to more biased
information search. Elective exposure to
political information is also increased by
customizability technology creating so-called
"filter bubbles."
(C) The most important reason for the growing
polarization is probably increasingly selective
exposure to information. People on both sides
of an ideological debate have no difficulty at
all finding like-minded websites that support
their viewpoints, often in even more radical
ways. Getting in touch with others sharing
their beliefs makes them even more confident
in their viewpoints.
In other words, modern media create a context
that is detrimental to wisdom. They allow people
to easily satisfy their need for confirmation of
their views and to avoid confrontation with
divergent perspectives. This leads to further
polarization of beliefs, up to a point where quite
radical ideas are endorsed by increasing numbers
of people.
* polarization: 양극화 ** customizability: 맞춤화,
특별 주문
[지문출처: Applying Wisdom to Contemporary World Problems
(Howard C. Nusbaum, Judith Glück, Robert J. Sternberg) p.95]
(A)-(C)-(B) (B)-(A)-(C)
(B)-(C)-(A) (C)-(A)-(B)
(C)-(B)-(A)
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7. zb7 ) 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
The desire to communicate is a part of being
human. We have always needed to express
ourselves but it took a long time before we could
do so successfully. About 100,000 years ago, we
developed the capacity to communicate using
speech. About 40,000 years ago, we drew pictures
on the walls of caves. Through the ages, we've
used various systems to send messages like smoke
signals, semaphores (flags), pigeons, and human
messengers, each of which had its own
advantages and disadvantages. Each system
worked when the conditions were just right, but
was limited at least some of the time. For
instance, smoke signals and semaphore systems
did not work at night because they depended on
sunlight for the receiver to see the signal.
Messengers were slow and could be captured
during times of conflict or war. Pigeons could
carry very small messages but were susceptible to
natural predators and severe weather.
The ability to create a permanent written record
was held by persons with special talents who were
known as scribes. Scribes learned to read and
write and serve the government and businesses by
recording the information using written language.
They were present at many transactions both
public and private to record what happened and
what was involved, such as the exchange of goods
and services for money.
* semaphore: 수기 신호 ** susceptible: 취약한
[지문출처: Electronic Media Then, Now, and Later (Norman J.
Medoff, Barbara K. Kaye)]
약 10만 년 전에, 우리는 말을 사용하여 의사소통하는
능력을 발달시켰다.
약 4만 년 전에, 우리는 동굴 벽에 그림을 그렸다.
연기 신호와 수기 신호 시스템이 밤에는 효과가 있었다.
전달자는 메시지 전달 속도가 느렸고 분쟁이나 전쟁 중
에는 포로로 잡힐 수도 있었다.
매우 작은 메시지를 전달할 수 있었던 비둘기는 자연
포식자와 악천후에 취약했다.
- 4 -

8. zb8 ) 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
We think of a complex structure like the brain
as made up of a number of sub-components, just
as, for example, the engine of a car is
constructed from a number of different
components.
Is the brain an assembly of distinct components,
each with a defined and separate function? One of
the many difficulties in studying how the brain
works is precisely because it is not arranged in
this way. That does not mean that one cannot
assign specific functions to anatomically
recognisable parts of the brain. Indeed one can:
for example, the cerebral cortex that forms most
of the outside of the brain and gives it its
typically wrinkled or folded appearance has areas
that we know are concerned with identifiable
actions. One is responsible for generating
movement, another for analysing incoming visual
information and so on. Similar functional
boundaries have been recognised in other parts of
the brain. That is not an issue. What is, however,
is whether there are clearly defined boundaries
between these areas, either anatomically - where
does one begin, or the other end? - or
functionally - is there a circumscribed area of the
brain that has an equally precise function? The
answer to both questions is a resounding 'no.'
We know that nearly all information from the
eyes ends up in a rather small area of cerebral
cortex at the back of the brain. This is the visual
cortex. That is why a bang on the back of your
head makes you 'see stars'.
* •anatomically: 해부학적으로 ** cerebral cortex:
대뇌피질 *** circumscribe: 경계를 정하다
[지문출처: Minder Brain, The: How Your Brain Keeps You Alive,
Protects You From Danger, And Ensures That You Reproduce
(Joe Herbert) p.12]
Difficulties in Studying the Brain and Why
Each Part of the Brain: Clear Functions But
Unclear Boundaries
How Can We Recognize Different Functions of
Each Part of the Brain?
Clearly Defined Boundaries Make it Possible to
Anatomically Recognize the Brain!
What Blurs the Anatomical and Functional
Boundaries Between Parts of the Brain?
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9. zb9 ) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
When we sang politicized carols outside the
mayor's home, we not only briefly disrupted his
neighbors' lives but reveled in our passionate
joyfulness and our understanding of these
missives. Meanings are embedded in a collective
past, an immediate present, and a prospective
future.
Social movements where a community
expresses a desire for change - and all social life
- are spaces of orderly interaction operating
through recurring practices. These routines
constitute the group style. Actions are repeated
and become accepted through that repetition.
Individuals must be able to foresee the likely
responses of others and adjust accordingly. I refer
to these stabilizing forces as circuits of action.
While these assumptions about how others will
respond are sometimes upended, to be useful,
expectations must frequently meet. Nowhere is
this more salient than in social movements, where
coordination is crucial. Interaction is filtered
through the collective awareness of what
participants believe is appropriate. Offering feeling
words after meetings - typically positive ones -
serves as a ritual that expresses both individual
feelings and collective sentiment. Circuits of action
incorporate the rules of the interaction order and
the content of group cultures in practices that are
anticipated and comforting. However, for
interaction to be orderly within a collaborative
group, negotiations and adjustments are essential,
building relationships that are flexible but durable.
While all sites of interaction inform us of the
structure of social life, we find this most clearly
when individuals have a commitment to a civil
consciousness.
* recurring: 반복하여 일어나는 ** upend: 뒤집다
*** salient: 두드러진
[지문출처: Fair Share Senior Activism, Tiny Publics, and the
Culture of Resistance (Gary Alan Fine) p.16]
- 5 -

10. 다음
zb1 0 ) 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
적절하지 않은 것은?
On August 17, 2011, New York Giants
quarterback Eli Manning sat for a live ESPN radio
interview after his practice during the Giants
training camp. When asked if he was a "Top 10,
Top 5" quarterback, Manning said, "I think I am."
And then when asked specifically if he was on the
same level as New England Patriots quarterback
Tom Brady, Manning paused and then said, "Yeah,
I consider myself in that class ... and Tom Brady
is a great quarterback."
Manning's statements touched off a lot of media
excitement. Columnists and bloggers wrote at
length about how defensible Manning's opinion
was. How in the world could Manning, with only
one Super Bowl championship and MVP award and
only two Pro Bowl appearances on his résumé,
compare himself to Brady, with six Pro Bowl
appearances, three championships, and two NFL
MVP awards on his résumé? Brady was coming off
an excellent 2010 season, throwing thirty-six
touchdown passes and only four interceptions,
while Manning had thrown a league-high
twenty-five interceptions. How could Manning
think of himself as Brady's peer?
Fast-forward from that training camp interview
in August 2011 to February 5, 2012, to the
conclusion of that season's Super Bowl. Eli
Manning is standing at the center of Lucas Oil
Stadium lifting the championship trophy and
receiving his second Super Bowl MVP award.
Manning's New York Giants have just come from
behind to defeat Tom Brady's favored New
England Patriots. In the closing minutes of the
fourth quarter, with the Giants losing, Manning
engineered the 88-yard game-winning drive,
making four crucial throws. Eli Manning showed
the world that his statement the previous summer
was simply the honest expression of a confident
competitor.
Even the additional Super Bowl MVP award
hasn't stopped football experts from debating
whether Eli Manning is indeed a "Top 10, Top 5
quarterback" in the same class as Tom Brady.
Arguments about players go on endlessly. What
isn't up for debate is that Eli performed at the
highest level in a very competitive profession's
most demanding and important position for
many years until his retirement. He made the best
of his talent and his preparation by building his
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confidence, protecting that confidence, and playing
confidently. He became as good as he could be.
* quarterback: 쿼터백(미식축구에서 공격의 중심인
선수)
The real question is about you. Are you as good
at your job, your profession, your passion, as you
could be? Would your life be different if you won
your own First Victory and had Eli's level of
confidence (not his arm, not his football IQ, just
his confidence)? I'm pretty sure your answer is
yes. In the pages ahead, you will find what you're
looking for.
[지문출처: The Confident Mind A Battle-Tested Guide to
Unshakable Performance (Dr. Nate Zinsser)]
11. 글의
zb1 1 ) 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가
장 적절한 곳은?
It was non-experts, rather than scientists, who
forged this idea, thus leaving us an excellent
illustration of ordinary thinking at work.
In American colleges, one student out of two
still recently believed that 'cavemen' had to
defend themselves against dinosaurs. Prehistorians
often deplore the ignorance of the public, and
express their surprise that even those who seem
interested in the past are inclined to accept the
most unsound ideas. ( ) Yet the struggle of
humans against dinosaurs could be considered a
kind of knowledge - one that is erroneous -
rather than simply the manifestation of ignorance.
( ) An erroneous idea does not become less
absurd merely for being shared by half the
population; it becomes nevertheless interesting as
a social phenomenon. ( ) In fact, the image of
the caveman fighting dinosaurs is not entirely
devoid of factual elements: nobody will deny that
the dinosaurs really existed, just as prehistoric
humans did. ( ) On the other hand, the origin
of the deep-seated conviction that our ancestors
shared the Earth with the dinosaurs remains
obscure, because human remains have never been
found in the same geological formations as
dinosaur bones, and no scholar has risked
suggesting that our ancestors lived alongside these
giant reptiles. ( )
- 6 -

We should remember that already Buffon was
imagining the world of the first humans as 'a vast
desert peopled with monsters' of which our
ancestors often became the prey'; it was only with
time that they 'made the wild beasts gradually
retire... purged the earth of those gigantic
animals, whose enormous bones are still to be
found'. This passage is very instructive, for it
enables us to grasp one of the earliest moments
of the encounter between conjectural prehistory
and prehistoric vestiges: on one side, the 'wild
beasts' which have peopled the imagination for
millennia; on the other, the 'enormous bones',
recently discovered in ancient geological strata.
The spontaneous linking of the two as
synonymous, for which Buffon is not responsible,
led later to an inevitable identification. Traditional
imagery required the rivals of primitive humans to
be 'huge, fierce and menacing'.
* deplore: (특히 공개적으로) 개탄하다 ** devoid of:
~ 이 없는 *** forge: 꾸며내다
[지문출처: Explaining Human Origins Myth, Imagination and
Conjecture (Wiktor Stoczkowski ) p.29]
12. 주어진
zb1 2 ) 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절
한 것은?
Indeed, the English word 'write', along with
those used in nearly all Indo-European languages,
derives originally from a word meaning to 'carve',
'scratch' or 'cut' - underscoring the importance
of the simple mechanical process behind our
entire literate culture.
Writing as we know it today was not a single
technology stemming from a single invention.
(A) It's a combination of various innovations
which took place over a long period, with
differing effects in different parts of the world.
But the stages of evolution it went through are
very similar in all the different places. The
earliest incarnations of all these writing
systems were pictographic.
(B) But the most significant stage in their
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development was when they began to be used
to represent not simply ideas but also sounds.
Once this happened, writing could imitate
spoken language rather than operating as a
separate, parallel system of communication. It
was this transition which led to the fully
flexible systems we have today.
(C) They consisted of simplified drawings acting as
stylised representations of concrete entities: a
house, a river, a drawing of the head of a cow
to represent a cow. As their use spread, so
they began to accumulate broader meanings
based on the context of this use and to be
combined together to create ideograms.
Bird+egg, for example, represented fertility.
A key invention in the evolution of writing was
the alphabet. This originated somewhere in the
vicinity of Egypt or Palestine around 2000 BC and
produced a writing system which was easy to
learn, was quick to write and avoided the
ambiguities of many earlier scripts.
* incarnation: 구체화한 것 ** entity: 독립체 ***
ideogram: 표의문자(글자가 언어의 음과 상관없이
일정한 뜻을 나타내는 문자)
[지문출처: The Emoji Revolution How Technology is Shaping the
Future of Communication (Philip Seargeant) p.28~29]
(A)-(C)-(B) (B)-(A)-(C)
(B)-(C)-(A) (C)-(A)-(B)
(C)-(B)-(A)
13. 다음
zb1 3 ) 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Indeed, we often receive the same comment
about the underestimation effect-"If people feel
more emboldened to ask, won't they just irritate
others more with their frequent requests?" Our
answer to this question is "no," and we base it on
three streams of research that, taken together,
suggest people are more likely to walk away with
a positive impression of help-seekers than one
might assume.
- 7 -

People tend to overestimate how harsh others
will judge them. This dynamic may apply to the
case of help-seeking. Even a small request can
make the help-seeker feel self-conscious,
embarrassed, and guilty. In our research, we have
found that the anxiety help-seekers experience
over how their request will come across is
surprising to potential helpers who do not know
what all the fuss is about. In one study, we asked
two samples of potential helpers (teaching
assistants and peer advisors) to estimate the
number of students who would seek their help
during a single semester. The peer advisors
overestimated by over 60%, and the teaching
assistants by 20%, the number of students who
would ask them for help. This prediction error
emerged even though the peer advisors had been
students themselves the prior year, and the
majority of teaching assistants had worked as
teaching assistants before (often for the same
class). Nevertheless, their past experience as
help-seekers offered no clues in predicting
others' future help-seeking behavior.
Although help requests tend to be satisfied more
often than people expect, there remain times when
requests for help are not satisfied, either because
the potential helper was unwilling or unable to
provide assistance. These episodes are likely to
loom large in our minds.
* fuss: 쓸데없는 걱정
[지문출처: Six Degrees of Social Influence: Science, Application,
and the Psychology of Robert Cialdini (Douglas T. Kenrick, Noah
J. Goldstein, Sanford L. Braver)]
14. 다음
zb1 4 ) 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Regardless of your office size, always have the
visitor’s chairs facing toward you so that you’re
separated from them by the width of the desk to
preserve your tactical position. If the back of your
desk chair faces a wall, allow yourself plenty of
room to roll your chair back from your desk if
you want to create more space between you and
an office visitor.
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The effective use of time is one of the ultimate
ways to display authority, even when you don't
have it. Whoever controls time controls the
situation in most instances. They will always
remind anyone who wants to meet with them that
their time is valuable. However, there may be
situations where you will want to
. Let's say you have agreed to meet with one of
your peers to discuss a difficult situation that has
developed between your two respective
departments. You need more help from your peer
than she needs from you to get things resolved,
even though you've told her your time is limited.
When she enters your office at the appointed
hour, take your watch off ostentatiously, and
place it face down on your desk. Say, "My time
belongs to you for as long as you need it." Watch
the cooperation level of your peer go up
exponentially at the outset of your meeting. You'll
be able to get anything you want from her.
Alternatively, taking your watch off and placing
it face up on your desk without saying a word
announces to your visitor that they had better
make their point in short order because you
haven’t got much time.
* ostentatiously: 보란 듯이 * exponentially:
기하급수적으로
[지문출처: 1001 Ways to Get Promoted (David E. Rye)]
abandon time management strategies
reverse your use of tight time tactics
neglect your use of strict time schedules
strictly enforce time limits in all situations
underestimate the importance of punctuality
15. 다음
zb1 5 ) 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
적절하지 않은 것은?
There lived three poor orphans named Havin,
Mabel, and Anthony. They were siblings, and they
loved each other so much. In their town lived
Mrs. Annabel, a widow, who was the town's
doctor. She was a lovely woman, but she had no
children. Every morning Havin and his siblings
would go to the town square to beg for food and
clothes. Mrs. Annabel loved Havin's little sister,
Mabel, and gave her big apples every day. One
day, Mrs. Annabel needed help to organize her
garden, and Havin and his siblings offered to
help.
- 8 -

Together, they planted vegetables and flowers.
"Oh, they are so delightful," Mrs. Annabel said to
herself. Havin and his siblings were very good
kids, and they were loved by everyone in town.
Then one day, Mabel became seriously ill. Havin
carried her on his back and ran down to the
town's clinic. Mrs. Annabel immediately took
Mabel from Havin and placed her on the
examination table. Little Mabel lay weakly on the
table. "I don't want to die," she cried weakly.
"Come on, baby, you will be just fine!" Mrs.
Annabel assured her.
After examining her, Mrs. Annabel brought out
a needle and an apple. She said to Mabel, "I have
an apple for you, but I'll only give it to you after
you receive this rejection." Mabel looked at the
needle with fright. "I hate needles, Mrs. Annabel."
"I know, darling. But if you promise to be brave,
I'll take you to my house and give you some ice
cream." Mrs. Annabel assured her. Mabel lay
bravely on the bed and allowed Mrs. Annabel to
do her job. She eventually woke up feeling better.
After Mabel's recovery, Havin went to Mrs.
Annabel's clinic. "Ma'am," he called out as he
knocked softly on her door. "Do you need
something?" she asked him. "Thank you for taking
care of Mabel, but I don't have any money to pay
her bills," he spoke shyly. "Don't worry, dear
Havin. This one is all on me," Mrs. Annabel said
to him. Havin thanked her for her kindness. Two
months later, Mrs. Annabel adopted Havin and his
two siblings. She loved them like her own children
and took good care of them. She took them to
the town's school. They did well in school and
won prizes every school year. Mrs. Annabel was
proud of them, and they lived happily ever
after.
MR. LONG NOSE
There was a man who lived in a treehouse. He
had a very long nose, so people called him Mr.
Long nose. Mr. Long nose had visited several
countries in the world, and he could speak at
least thirteen global languages. Mr. Long nose was
a brilliant man, skilled in the usage of numbers
and letters, and every parent wanted their
children to learn from Mr. Long nose.
[지문출처: Bedtime Stories for Kids A short Stories Collection
Age 2-6 (Simply Insight Team)]
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16. 다음
zb1 6 ) 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
People are quite emotional about the values they
believe their societies should be built on and, as
mentioned earlier, tend to feel that others who do
not share their worldviews are not just wrong, but
"bad" and immoral, and perhaps stupid as well.
Attitude polarization is currently increasing, at
least in North America and Europe. The most
important reason for the growing polarization is
probably increasingly selective exposure to
information. People on both sides of an ideological
debate have no difficulty at all finding like-minded
websites that support their viewpoints, often in
even more radical ways. Getting in touch with
others sharing their beliefs makes them even
more confident in their viewpoints. In other
words, while one could expect that the availability
of a broad ideological spectrum of media
information could foster engagement with views
diverging from one's own, experimental research
suggests that it actually leads to increased
affective polarization. People's in-group biases are
strengthened by the new opportunities to get in
touch with like-minded people. Confirmation bias
influences which sources of information people
utilize; in fact, there seems to be a vicious circle
involved: Increases in polarization cause stronger
confirmation biases, which, in turn, lead to more
biased information search. Elective exposure to
political information is also increased by
customizability technology creating so-called "filter
bubbles."
In other words, modern media create a context
that is detrimental to wisdom. They allow people
to easily satisfy their need for confirmation of
their views and to avoid confrontation with
divergent perspectives. This leads to further
polarization of beliefs, up to a point where quite
radical ideas are endorsed by increasing numbers
of people.
* polarization: 양극화 ** customizability: 맞춤화,
특별 주문
[지문출처: Applying Wisdom to Contemporary World Problems
(Howard C. Nusbaum, Judith Glück, Robert J. Sternberg) p.95]
- 9 -
 [영어 독해 연습] 10강

북아메리카와 유럽에서 현재 태도 양극화는 증가하고

있다.
이념적인 논쟁의 양쪽에 있는 사람들은 자신들의 관점
을 지지하는 생각이 비슷한 웹사이트를 쉽게 찾는다.
사람들의 내집단 편향은 다양한 생각을 가진 사람들과
접촉하는 새로운 기회들로 인해 강해진다.
확증 편향은 사람들이 어느 정보원을 이용하느냐에 영
향을 미친다.
필터 버블을 만들어 내는 맞춤화 기술은 선택에 의해 18. 글의
zb1 8 ) 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가
정치적인 정보에 접하는 것을 증가시킨다. 장 적절한 곳은?

That is not an issue.

We think of a complex structure like the brain

as made up of a number of sub-components, just
17. 다음
zb1 7 ) 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
as, for example, the engine of a car is
The desire to communicate is a part of being constructed from a number of different
human. We have always needed to express components.
ourselves but it took a long time before we could
Is the brain an assembly of distinct components,
do so successfully. About 100,000 years ago, we
each with a defined and separate function? One of
developed the capacity to communicate using
the many difficulties in studying how the brain
speech. About 40,000 years ago, we drew
works is precisely because it is not arranged in
pictures on the walls of caves. Through the ages,
this way. ( ) That does not mean that one
we've used various systems to send messages like
cannot assign specific functions to anatomically
smoke signals, semaphores (flags), pigeons, and
recognisable parts of the brain. ( ) Indeed one
human messengers, each of which had its own
can: for example, the cerebral cortex that forms
advantages and disadvantages. Humans have
most of the outside of the brain and gives it its
been particularly good at exploiting the advantages
typically wrinkled or folded appearance has areas
of each of these systems. Each system worked
that we know are concerned with identifiable
when the conditions were just right, but was
actions. ( ) One is responsible for generating
limited at least some of the time. For instance,
movement, another for analysing incoming visual
smoke signals and semaphore systems did not
information and so on. ( ) Similar functional
work at night because they depended on sunlight
boundaries have been recognised in other parts of
for the receiver to see the signal. Messengers
the brain. ( ) What is, however, is whether
were slow and could be captured during times of
there are clearly defined boundaries between these
conflict or war. Pigeons could carry very small
areas, either anatomically - where does one begin,
messages but were susceptible to natural
or the other end? - or functionally - is there a
predators and severe weather.
circumscribed area of the brain that has an
The ability to create a permanent written record equally precise function? The answer to both
was held by persons with special talents who were questions is a resounding 'no.'
known as scribes. Scribes learned to read and
We know that nearly all information from the
write and serve the government and businesses by
eyes ends up in a rather small area of cerebral
recording the information using written language.
cortex at the back of the brain. This is the visual
They were present at many transactions both
cortex. That is why a bang on the back of your
public and private to record what happened and
head makes you 'see stars'.
what was involved, such as the exchange of goods
and services for money. * •anatomically: 해부학적으로 ** cerebral cortex:
대뇌피질 *** circumscribe: 경계를 정하다
* semaphore: 수기 신호 ** susceptible: 취약한
[지문출처: Minder Brain, The: How Your Brain Keeps You Alive,
[지문출처: Electronic Media Then, Now, and Later (Norman J. Protects You From Danger, And Ensures That You Reproduce
Medoff, Barbara K. Kaye)] (Joe Herbert) p.12]

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19. 주어진
zb1 9 ) 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절
한 것은?
When we sang politicized carols outside the
mayor's home, we not only briefly disrupted his
neighbors' lives but reveled in our passionate
joyfulness and our understanding of these
missives. Meanings are embedded in a collective
past, an immediate present, and a prospective
future.
Social movements where a community expresses
a desire for change - and all social life - are
spaces of orderly interaction operating through
recurring practices. These routines constitute the
group style.
(A) Circuits of action incorporate the rules of the
interaction order and the content of group
cultures in practices that are anticipated and
comforting. However, for interaction to be
orderly within a collaborative group,
negotiations and adjustments are essential,
building relationships that are flexible but
durable.
(B) Nowhere is this more salient than in social
movements, where coordination is crucial.
Interaction is filtered through the collective
awareness of what participants believe is
appropriate. Offering feeling words after
meetings - typically positive ones - serves as
a ritual that expresses both individual feelings
and collective sentiment.
(C) Actions are repeated and become accepted
through that repetition. Individuals must be
able to foresee the likely responses of others
and adjust accordingly. I refer to these
stabilizing forces as circuits of action. While
these assumptions about how others will
respond are sometimes upended, to be useful,
expectations must frequently be met.
While all sites of interaction inform us of the
structure of social life, we find this most clearly
when individuals have a commitment to a civil
consciousness.
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* recurring: 반복하여 일어나는 ** upend: 뒤집다
*** salient: 두드러진
[지문출처: Fair Share Senior Activism, Tiny Publics, and the
Culture of Resistance (Gary Alan Fine) p.16]
(A)-(C)-(B) (B)-(A)-(C)
(B)-(C)-(A) (C)-(A)-(B)
(C)-(B)-(A)
20. (A),
zb2 0 ) (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현
으로 가장 적절한 것은?
On August 17, 2011, New York Giants
quarterback Eli Manning (A)[sat / sitting] for a
live ESPN radio interview after his practice during
the Giants training camp. When asked if he was a
"Top 10, Top 5" quarterback, Manning said, "I
think I am." And then when asked specifically if
he was on the same level as New England Patriots
quarterback Tom Brady, Manning paused and then
said, "Yeah, I consider myself in that class ... and
Tom Brady is a great quarterback."
Manning's statements touched off a lot of media
excitement. Columnists and bloggers wrote at
length about how indefensible Manning's opinion
was. How in the world could Manning, with only
one Super Bowl championship and MVP award and
only two Pro Bowl appearances on his résumé,
compare himself to Brady, with six Pro Bowl
appearances, three championships, and two NFL
MVP awards on his résumé? Brady was coming off
an excellent 2010 season, throwing thirty-six
touchdown passes and only four interceptions,
while Manning had thrown a league-high
twenty-five interceptions. How could Manning
think of himself as Brady's peer?
Fast-forward from that training camp interview
in August 2011 to February 5, 2012, to the
conclusion of that season's Super Bowl. Eli
Manning is standing at the center of Lucas Oil
Stadium lifting the championship trophy and
receiving his second Super Bowl MVP award.
Manning's New York Giants have just come from
behind to defeat Tom Brady's favored New
England Patriots. In the closing minutes of the
fourth quarter, with the Giants losing, Manning
engineered the 88-yard game-winning drive,
making four crucial throws. Eli Manning showed
the world that his statement the previous summer
- 11 -

was simply the honest expression of a confident
competitor.
Even the additional Super Bowl MVP award
hasn't stopped football experts from debating
whether Eli Manning is indeed a "Top 10, Top 5
quarterback" in the same class as Tom Brady.
Arguments about players go on endlessly. What
isn't up for debate is (B)[what / that] Eli
performed at the highest level in a very
competitive profession's most demanding and
important position for many years until his
retirement. He made the best of his talent and his
preparation by building his confidence, protecting
that confidence, and playing confidently. He
became as (C)[good / well] as he could be.
* quarterback: 쿼터백(미식축구에서 공격의 중심인
선수)
The real question is about you. Are you as good
at your job, your profession, your passion, as you
could be? Would your life be different if you won
your own First Victory and had Eli's level of
confidence (not his arm, not his football IQ, just
his confidence)? I'm pretty sure your answer is
yes. In the pages ahead, you will find what you're
looking for.
[지문출처: The Confident Mind A Battle-Tested Guide to
Unshakable Performance (Dr. Nate Zinsser)]
(A) (B) (C)
sat what good
sat that well
sat that good
sitting that well
sitting what good
21. (A),
zb2 1 ) (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현
으로 가장 적절한 것은?
In American colleges, one student out of two
still recently believed that 'cavemen' had to
defend themselves against dinosaurs. Prehistorians
often deplore the ignorance of the public, and
express their surprise that even those who seem
interested in the past are inclined to accept the
most unsound ideas. Yet the struggle of humans
against dinosaurs could be considered a kind of
knowledge - one that is erroneous - rather than
simply the manifestation of ignorance. An
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erroneous idea does not become less absurd
merely for (A)[sharing / being shared] by half the
population; it becomes nevertheless interesting as
a social phenomenon. In fact, the image of the
caveman fighting dinosaurs is not entirely devoid
of factual elements: nobody will deny that the
dinosaurs really existed, just as prehistoric
humans (B)[did / were]. On the other hand, the
origin of the deep-seated conviction that our
ancestors shared the Earth with the dinosaurs
remains obscure, because human remains have
never been found in the same geological
formations as dinosaur bones, and no scholar has
risked (C)[suggesting / to suggest] that our
ancestors lived alongside these giant reptiles. It
was non-experts, rather than scientists, who
forged this idea, thus leaving us an excellent
illustration of ordinary thinking at work.
We should remember that already Buffon was
imagining the world of the first humans as 'a vast
desert peopled with monsters' of which our
ancestors often became the prey'; it was only with
time that they 'made the wild beasts gradually
retire... purged the earth of those gigantic
animals, whose enormous bones are still to be
found'. This passage is very instructive, for it
enables us to grasp one of the earliest moments
of the encounter between conjectural prehistory
and prehistoric vestiges: on one side, the 'wild
beasts' which have peopled the imagination for
millennia; on the other, the 'enormous bones',
recently discovered in ancient geological strata.
The spontaneous linking of the two as
synonymous, for which Buffon is not responsible,
led later to an inevitable identification. Traditional
imagery required the rivals of primitive humans to
be 'huge, fierce and menacing'.
* deplore: (특히 공개적으로) 개탄하다 ** devoid of:
~ 이 없는 *** forge: 꾸며내다
[지문출처: Explaining Human Origins Myth, Imagination and
Conjecture (Wiktor Stoczkowski ) p.29]
(A) (B) (C)
sharing did suggesting
being shared did to suggest
being shared did suggesting
being shared were to suggest
sharing were suggesting
- 12 -
 [영어 독해 연습] 10강

22. 다음
zb2 2 ) 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
적절하지 않은 것은?
Indeed, the English word 'write', along with
those used in nearly all Indo-European languages,
derives originally from a word meaning to 'carve',
'scratch' or 'cut' - underscoring the importance
of the simple mechanical process behind our
entire literate culture.
Writing as we know it today was not a single
technology stemming from a single invention. It's
a combination of various innovations which took
place over a long period, with differing effects in
different parts of the world. But the stages of
evolution it went through are very similar in all
the different places. The earliest incarnations of
all these writing systems were pictographic. They
consisted of simplified drawings acting as stylised
representations of concrete entities: a house, a
river, a drawing of the head of a cow to represent
a cow. As their use spread, so they began to
accumulate broader meanings based on the
context of this use and to be combined together
to create ideograms. Bird+egg, for example,
represented fertility. But the most significant stage
in their development was when they began to be
used to represent not simply ideas but also
sounds. Once this happened, writing could imitate
spoken language rather than operating as a
separate, parallel system of communication. It was
this transition which led to the fully rigid
systems we have today.
A key invention in the evolution of writing was
the alphabet. This originated somewhere in the
vicinity of Egypt or Palestine around 2000 BC and
produced a writing system which was easy to
learn, was quick to write and avoided the
ambiguities of many earlier scripts.
* incarnation: 구체화한 것 ** entity: 독립체 ***
ideogram: 표의문자(글자가 언어의 음과 상관없이
일정한 뜻을 나타내는 문자)
[지문출처: The Emoji Revolution How Technology is Shaping the
Future of Communication (Philip Seargeant) p.28~29]
23. 글의
zb2 3 ) 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가
장 적절한 곳은?
This dynamic may apply to the case of
help-seeking.
Indeed, we often receive the same comment
about the underestimation effect-"If people feel
more emboldened to ask, won't they just irritate
others more with their frequent requests?" Our
answer to this question is "no," and we base it on
three streams of research that, taken together,
suggest people are more likely to walk away with
a positive impression of help-seekers than one
might assume.
People tend to overestimate how harshly others
will judge them. ( ) Even a small request can
make the help-seeker feel self-conscious,
embarrassed, and guilty. ( ) In our research,
we have found that the anxiety help-seekers
experience over how their request will come
across is surprising to potential helpers who do
not know what all the fuss is about. ( ) In one
study, we asked two samples of potential helpers
(teaching assistants and peer advisors) to estimate
the number of students who would seek their help
during a single semester. The peer advisors
overestimated by over 60%, and the teaching
assistants by 20%, the number of students who
would ask them for help. ( ) This prediction
error emerged even though the peer advisors had
been students themselves the prior year, and the
majority of teaching assistants had worked as
teaching assistants before (often for the same
class). ( ) Nevertheless, their past experience as
help-seekers offered no clues in predicting others'
future help-seeking behavior.
Although help requests tend to be satisfied more
often than people expect, there remain times when
requests for help are not satisfied, either because
the potential helper was unwilling or unable to
provide assistance. These episodes are likely to
loom large in our minds.

* fuss: 쓸데없는 걱정
[지문출처: Six Degrees of Social Influence: Science, Application,
and the Psychology of Robert Cialdini (Douglas T. Kenrick, Noah
J. Goldstein, Sanford L. Braver)]

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24. 주어진
zb2 4 ) 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절
한 것은?
Regardless of your office size, always have the
visitor’s chairs facing toward you so that you’re
separated from them by the width of the desk to
preserve your tactical position. If the back of your
desk chair faces a wall, allow yourself plenty of
room to roll your chair back from your desk if
you want to create more space between you and
an office visitor.
The effective use of time is one of the ultimate
ways to display authority, even when you don't
have it.
(A) When she enters your office at the appointed
hour, take your watch off ostentatiously, and
place it face down on your desk. Say, "My time
belongs to you for as long as you need it."
Watch the cooperation level of your peer go
up exponentially at the outset of your meeting.
You'll be able to get anything you want from
her.
(B) Let's say you have agreed to meet with one of
your peers to discuss a difficult situation that
has developed between your two respective
departments. You need more help from your
peer than she needs from you to get things
resolved, even though you've told her your
time is limited.
(C) Whoever controls time controls the situation in
most instances. They will always remind
anyone who wants to meet with them that
their time is valuable. However, there may be
situations where you will want to reverse your
use of tight time tactics.
Alternatively, taking your watch off and placing
it face up on your desk without saying a word
announces to your visitor that they had better
make their point in short order because you
haven’t got much time.
* ostentatiously: 보란 듯이 * exponentially:
기하급수적으로
[지문출처: 1001 Ways to Get Promoted (David E. Rye)]
(A)-(C)-(B) (B)-(A)-(C)
(B)-(C)-(A) (C)-(A)-(B)
(C)-(B)-(A)
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25. (A),
zb2 5 ) (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현
으로 가장 적절한 것은?
There lived three poor orphans named Havin,
Mabel, and Anthony. They were siblings, and they
loved each other so much. In their town lived
Mrs. Annabel, a widow, who was the town's
doctor. She was a lovely woman, but she had no
children. Every morning Havin and his siblings
would go to the town square to beg for food and
clothes. Mrs. Annabel loved Havin's little sister,
Mabel, and gave her big apples every day. One
day, Mrs. Annabel needed help to organize her
garden, and Havin and his siblings offered to
help.
Together, they planted vegetables and flowers.
"Oh, they are so delightful," Mrs. Annabel said to
herself. Havin and his siblings were very good
kids, and they (A)[loved / were loved] by everyone
in town. Then one day, Mabel became seriously ill.
Havin carried her on his back and ran down to
the town's clinic. Mrs. Annabel immediately took
Mabel from Havin and placed her on the
examination table. Little Mabel (B)[lay / laid]
weakly on the table. "I don't want to die," she
cried weakly. "Come on, baby, you will be just
fine!" Mrs. Annabel assured her.
After examining her, Mrs. Annabel brought out
a needle and an apple. She said to Mabel, "I have
an apple for you, but I'll only give it to you after
you receive this injection." Mabel looked at the
needle with fright. "I hate needles, Mrs. Annabel."
"I know, darling. But if you promise to be brave,
I'll take you to my house and give you some ice
cream." Mrs. Annabel assured her. Mabel lay
bravely on the bed and allowed Mrs. Annabel to
do her job. She (C)[eventual / eventually] woke up
feeling better.
After Mabel's recovery, Havin went to Mrs.
Annabel's clinic. "Ma'am," he called out as he
knocked softly on her door. "Do you need
something?" she asked him. "Thank you for taking
care of Mabel, but I don't have any money to pay
her bills," he spoke shyly. "Don't worry, dear
Havin. This one is all on me," Mrs. Annabel said
to him. Havin thanked her for her kindness. Two
months later, Mrs. Annabel adopted Havin and his
two siblings. She loved them like her own children
and took good care of them. She took them to
the town's school. They did well in school and
won prizes every school year. Mrs. Annabel was
proud of them, and they lived happily ever after.
- 14 -

MR. LONG NOSE
There was a man who lived in a treehouse. He
had a very long nose, so people called him Mr.
Long nose. Mr. Long nose had visited several
countries in the world, and he could speak at
least thirteen global languages. Mr. Long nose was
a brilliant man, skilled in the usage of numbers
and letters, and every parent wanted their
children to learn from Mr. Long nose.
[지문출처: Bedtime Stories for Kids A short Stories Collection
Age 2-6 (Simply Insight Team)]
(A) (B)
loved lay
were loved lay
were loved lay
were loved laid
loved laid
26. 다음
zb2 6 ) 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
People are quite emotional about the values they
believe their societies should be built on and, as
mentioned earlier, tend to feel that others who do
not share their worldviews are not just wrong, but
"bad" and immoral, and perhaps stupid as well.
Attitude polarization is currently increasing, at
least in North America and Europe. The most
important reason for the growing polarization is
probably increasingly selective exposure to
information. People on both sides of an ideological
debate have no difficulty at all finding like-minded
websites that support their viewpoints, often in
even more radical ways. Getting in touch with
others sharing their beliefs makes them
__________ ________________. In other words,
while one could expect that the availability of a
broad ideological spectrum of media information
could foster engagement with views diverging from
one's own, experimental research suggests that it
actually leads to increased affective polarization.
People's in-group biases are strengthened by the
new opportunities to get in touch with like-minded
people. Confirmation bias influences which sources
of information people utilize; in fact, there seems
to be a vicious circle involved: Increases in
polarization cause stronger confirmation biases,
which, in turn, lead to more biased information
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search. Elective exposure to political information
is also increased by customizability technology
creating so-called "filter bubbles."
In other words, modern media create a context
that is detrimental to wisdom. They allow people
to easily satisfy their need for confirmation of
their views and to avoid confrontation with
divergent perspectives. This leads to further
polarization of beliefs, up to a point where quite
radical ideas are endorsed by increasing numbers
of people.
(C) * polarization: 양극화 ** customizability: 맞춤화,
특별 주문
eventual
[지문출처: Applying Wisdom to Contemporary World Problems
eventually
(Howard C. Nusbaum, Judith Glück, Robert J. Sternberg) p.95]
eventual
question their own existing beliefs
eventually
more receptive to different thoughts
eventual
even more confident in their viewpoints
think differently about their perspectives
more likely to be persuaded by others’ ideas
27. 다음
zb2 7 ) 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
The desire to communicate is a part of being
human. We have always needed to express
ourselves but it took a long time before we could
do so successfully. About 100,000 years ago, we
developed the capacity to communicate using
speech. About 40,000 years ago, we drew pictures
on the walls of caves. Through the ages, we've
used various systems to send messages like smoke
signals, semaphores (flags), pigeons, and human
messengers, each of them had its own
advantages and disadvantages. Each system
worked when the conditions were just right, but
was limited at least some of the time. For
instance, smoke signals and semaphore systems
did not work at night because they depended on
sunlight for the receiver to see the signal.
Messengers were slow and could be captured
during times of conflict or war. Pigeons could
carry very small messages but were susceptible
to natural predators and severe weather.
The ability to create a permanent written record
was held by persons with special talents who were
known as scribes. Scribes learned to read and
write and serve the government and businesses by
- 15 -
 [영어 독해 연습] 10강

recording the information using written language.
They were present at many transactions both
public and private to record what happened and
what was involved, such as the exchange of goods
and services for money.
* •anatomically: 해부학적으로 ** cerebral cortex:
대뇌피질 *** circumscribe: 경계를 정하다
[지문출처: Minder Brain, The: How Your Brain Keeps You Alive,
Protects You From Danger, And Ensures That You Reproduce
(Joe Herbert) p.12]

* semaphore: 수기 신호 ** susceptible: 취약한 (A) (B)

[지문출처: Electronic Media Then, Now, and Later (Norman J. therefore Thus
Medoff, Barbara K. Kaye)]
hence Though
for example However
for instance Besides
likewise Furthermore

28. 다음
zb2 8 ) 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것
은?
We think of a complex structure like the brain
as made up of a number of sub-components, just
as, for example, the engine of a car is
constructed from a number of different
components.
Is the brain an assembly of distinct components,
each with a defined and separate function? One of
the many difficulties in studying how the brain
works is precisely because it is not arranged in
this way. That does not mean that one cannot
assign specific functions to anatomically
recognisable parts of the brain. Indeed one can:
(A) , the cerebral cortex that forms most
of the outside of the brain and gives it its
typically wrinkled or folded appearance has areas
that we know are concerned with identifiable
actions. One is responsible for generating
movement, another for analysing incoming visual
information and so on. Similar functional
boundaries have been recognised in other parts of
the brain. That is not an issue. What is, (B)
, is whether there are clearly defined boundaries
between these areas, either anatomically - where
does one begin, or the other end? - or
functionally - is there a circumscribed area of the
brain that has an equally precise function? The
answer to both questions is a resounding 'no.'
We know that nearly all information from the
eyes ends up in a rather small area of cerebral
cortex at the back of the brain. This is the visual
cortex. That is why a bang on the back of your
head makes you 'see stars'.
29. 다음
zb2 9 ) 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
When we sang politicized carols outside the
mayor's home, we not only briefly disrupted his
neighbors' lives but reveled in our passionate
joyfulness and our understanding of these
missives. Meanings are embedded in a collective
past, an immediate present, and a prospective
future.
Social movements where a community expresses
a desire for change - and all social life - are
spaces of orderly interaction operating through
recurring practices. These routines constitute
the group style. Actions are repeated and
become accepted through that repetition. It is
through repetition that we make certain actions
routine. Individuals must be able to foresee the
likely responses of others and adjust accordingly.
I refer to these stabilizing forces as circuits of
action. While these assumptions about how others
will respond are sometimes upended, to be useful,
expectations must frequently be met. Nowhere
is this more salient than in social movements,
where coordination is crucial. Interaction is
filtered through the collective awareness of what
participants believe is appropriate. Offering feeling
words after meetings - typically positive ones -
serves as a ritual that expresses both individual
feelings and collective sentiment. Circuits of action
incorporate the rules of the interaction order and
the content of group cultures in practices that are
anticipated and comforting. However, for
interaction to be orderly within a collaborative
group, negotiations and adjustments are essential,
building relationships that are flexible but durable.

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 [영어 독해 연습] 10강

While all sites of interaction inform us of the
structure of social life, we find this most clearly
when individuals have a commitment to a civil
consciousness.
* recurring: 반복하여 일어나는 ** upend: 뒤집다
*** salient: 두드러진
[지문출처: Fair Share Senior Activism, Tiny Publics, and the
Culture of Resistance (Gary Alan Fine) p.16]
Manning's New York Giants have just come from
behind to defeat Tom Brady's favored New
England Patriots. In the closing minutes of the
fourth quarter, with the Giants losing, Manning
engineered the 88-yard game-winning drive,
making four crucial throws. Eli Manning showed
the world that his statement the previous summer
was simply the honest expression of a confident
competitor. ( )

Even the additional Super Bowl MVP award

hasn't stopped football experts from debating
whether Eli Manning is indeed a "Top 10, Top 5
quarterback" in the same class as Tom Brady. (
) Arguments about players go on endlessly. What
isn't up for debate is that Eli performed at the
highest level in a very competitive profession's
most demanding and important position for many
30. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가
years until his retirement. He made the best of
zb3 0 )

장 적절한 곳은?
his talent and his preparation by building his
Manning's statements touched off a lot of media confidence, protecting that confidence, and playing
excitement. confidently. He became as good as he could be.

* quarterback: 쿼터백(미식축구에서 공격의 중심인

On August 17, 2011, New York Giants 선수)
quarterback Eli Manning sat for a live ESPN radio
The real question is about you. Are you as good
interview after his practice during the Giants
at your job, your profession, your passion, as you
training camp. When asked if he was a "Top 10,
could be? Would your life be different if you won
Top 5" quarterback, Manning said, "I think I am."
your own First Victory and had Eli's level of
And then when asked specifically if he was on the
confidence (not his arm, not his football IQ, just
same level as New England Patriots quarterback
his confidence)? I'm pretty sure your answer is
Tom Brady, Manning paused and then said, "Yeah,
yes. In the pages ahead, you will find what you're
I consider myself in that class ... and Tom Brady
looking for.
is a great quarterback."
[지문출처: The Confident Mind A Battle-Tested Guide to
( ) Columnists and bloggers wrote at length Unshakable Performance (Dr. Nate Zinsser)]
about how indefensible Manning's opinion was.
How in the world could Manning, with only one
Super Bowl championship and MVP award and
only two Pro Bowl appearances on his résumé,
compare himself to Brady, with six Pro Bowl
appearances, three championships, and two NFL
MVP awards on his résumé? ( ) Brady was
coming off an excellent 2010 season, throwing
thirty-six touchdown passes and only four
interceptions, while Manning had thrown a
league-high twenty-five interceptions. How could
Manning think of himself as Brady's peer?

Fast-forward from that training camp interview

in August 2011 to February 5, 2012, to the
conclusion of that season's Super Bowl. Eli
Manning is standing at the center of Lucas Oil
Stadium lifting the championship trophy and
receiving his second Super Bowl MVP award. ( )

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❙유형별 보너스 문제❙ 2023년 고2 11월 학평변형 40번
31.
zb3 1 ) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
가장 적절한 곳은?
Similar results have been found
researchers.
Multiple laboratory studies show that cooperative
people tend to receive social advantages from
others. One way to demonstrate this is to give
people the opportunity to act positively or
negatively toward contributors. ( ) For example,
Pat Barclay, a professor at the University of
Guelph, had participants play a cooperative game
where people could contribute money toward a
group fund which helped all group members. (
) The participants were then allowed to give
money to other participants based on their
reputations. ( ) People who contributed more to
the group fund were given responsibility for more
money than people who contributed less. ( )
People who contribute toward their groups are
also chosen more often as interaction partners,
preferred as leaders, rated as more desirable
partners for long-term relationships, and are
perceived to be trustworthy and have high social
status. ( ) Uncooperative people tend to receive
verbal criticism or even more severe punishment.
I410-141-24-99-088579876
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❙유형별 보너스 문제❙ 2023년 고3 11월 학평변형 41~42번
32.
zb3 2 ) 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.
빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
by other One way to avoid contributing to overhyping a
story would be to say nothing. However, that is
not a realistic option for scientists who feel a
strong sense of responsibility to inform the public
and policymakers and/or to offer suggestions.
Speaking with members of the media has
advantages in getting a message out and perhaps
receiving favorable recognition, but it runs the
risk of misinterpretations, the need for repeated
clarifications, and entanglement in never-ending
controversy. Hence, the decision of whether to
speak with the media tends to be highly
individualized. Decades ago, it was unusual for
Earth scientists to have results that were of
interest to the media, and consequently few media
contacts were expected or encouraged. In the
1970s, the few scientists who spoke frequently with
the media were often criticized by their fellow
scientists for having done so. The situation now is
quite different, as many scientists feel a
responsibility to speak out because of the
importance of global warming and related issues,
and many reporters share these feelings. In
addition, many scientists are finding that they
enjoy the media attention and the public
recognition that comes with it. At the same time,
other scientists continue to resist speaking with
reporters, thereby preserving more time for their
science and avoiding the risk of being misquoted
and the other unpleasantries associated with
media coverage.
* overhype: 과대광고하다 ** entanglement: 얽힘
↓
As there is(are) ____(A)____ when scientists talk
to the media, whether or not to talk to the media
is a ____(B)____ decision.
(A) (B)
prejudice avoidable
various methods liberal
controversy formal
social pressures inevitable
pros and cons personal
- 18 -
 [영어 독해 연습] 10강

❙유형별 보너스 문제❙ 2023년 고2 9월 학평변형 23번

33.
zb3 3 ) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임
이 적절하지 않은 것은?

If cooking is as central to human identity,

biology, and culture as the biological
anthropologist Richard Wrangham suggests, it
stands to reason that the decline of cooking in
our time would have serious consequences for
modern life, and so it has. Are they all bad? Not
at all. The outsourcing of much of the work of
cooking to corporations has relieved women of
what has traditionally been their exclusive
responsibility for feeding the family, making it
easier for them to work outside the home and
have careers. It has averted many of the
domestic conflicts that such a large shift in
gender roles and family dynamics was bound to
spark. It has heightened other pressures in the
household, including longer workdays and
overscheduled children, and saved us time that we
can now invest in other pursuits. It has also
allowed us to diversify our diets substantially,
making it possible even for people with no
cooking skills and little money to enjoy a whole
different cuisine. All that’s required is a
microwave.

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1)
[정답]
[해설] 핵심 주어 those가 복수이므로 is를 are로
바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
2)
[정답]
[해설] (A) 그것은 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 일어난 다양한
혁신의 조합물로 세계 각지에서 서로 다른 영향
을 끼쳤다는 내용 뒤에 그것이 거친 진화의 단계
는 다른 모든 장소에서 매우 유사하다는 내용이
나온다. 따라서 앞 문장과 뒤 문장이 대조 관계
이므로 But이 들어가야 한다. (B) 그것의 사용이
확산되자 그것은 이런 사용의 맥락에 기반해 더
넓은 의미를 축적하고 서로 결합되어 표의문자를
만들기 시작했다는 내용 뒤에 새+알은 다산(多産)
을 나타냈다는 내용이 나오므로, 뒤 문장이 앞
문장의 예시임을 알 수 있다. 따라서
example, for instance가 들어가야 한다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 연결사를 추론한다.
3)
[정답]
[해설] (A) 사람들은 남들이 얼마나 가혹하게 그들을
판단할 것인지를 ‘과대평가하는(overestimate)’
경향이 있다. (B) 이런 예측의 오류는 또래 조언
자가 그 전해에 자신이 학생이었는데도, 그리고
조교의 대다수가 이전에(흔히 바로 그 동일한 학
급의) 조교로 일했는데도 ‘나타났다(emerged)’.
(C) 그럼에도 불구하고 도움을 구하는 사람으로
서 자신의 과거 경험은 다른 사람이 장차 도움을
구하는 행동을 하는 것을 예측하는 데 ‘아무런
(no)’ 단서를 제공하지 않았다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 적절한 표현을 찾는다.
4)
[정답]
[해설] (A) authority를 가리키므로 it이 들어가야 한
다. (B) 뒤 문장이 완전하므로 관계부사 where가
들어가야 한다. (C) 동사 take를 꾸며줘야 하므로
부사 ostentatiously가 들어가야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 적절한 표현을 찾는다.
5)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘Havin은 그녀의 친절에 감사
를 표했다.’이다. ‘그녀의 친절(her kindness)’로
볼 때, 이 문장 앞에 her kindness가 가리키는
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시
1) 제작연월일 : 2024-03-26 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다.
[영어 독해 연습] 10강
내용이 나올 것을 추측할 수 있다. 앞을 보면
Mabel의 치료비를 낼 돈이 전혀 없다는 Havin의
말에 Mrs. Annabel은 자신이 다 부담하겠다고
했고, 그 뒤에는 두 달 후 Mrs. Annabel은
Havin과 그의 두 형제자매들을 입양했다는 내용
이 나오므로, 주어진 문장은 에 들어가는 것이
가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
6)
[정답]
[해설] 태도 양극화는 적어도 북아메리카와 유럽에서
현재 증가하고 있다. → (C) 양극화가 증가하는
가장 중요한 이유는 아마도 정보에 점점 더 선택
적으로 접하는 것일 것이다. 이념적인 논쟁의 양
쪽에 있는 사람들은 흔히 훨씬 더 급진적인 방식
으로 자신들의 관점을 지지하는 생각이 비슷한
웹사이트를 찾는 데 전혀 어려움이 없다. 자신들
의 신념을 공유하는 다른 사람들과 접촉함으로써
그들은 자신들의 관점에 훨씬 더 큰 자신감을 가
지게 된다. → (A) 다시 말해서, 폭넓은 이념적
영역을 가진 미디어 정보를 이용할 수 있으므로
for 자신의 견해와 다른 견해에 대한 참여가 촉진될
수도 있을 것으로 예상할 수도 있지만, 실험적
연구는 그것이 실제로 정서적 양극화의 증가로
이어진다는 것을 시사한다. 사람들의 내집단 편향
은 생각이 비슷한 사람들과 접촉하는 새로운 기
회들로 인해 강해진다. → (B) 확증 편향은 사람
들이 어느 정보원을 이용하느냐에 영향을 미치는
데, 실제로 악순환이 수반되는 듯하다. 즉, 양극
화의 증가가 더 강한 확증 편향을 유발하고 이것
은 결과적으로 더 편향된 정보 검색으로 이어진
다. 선택에 의해 정치적인 정보에 접하는 것은
또한 소위 ‘필터 버블’을 만들어 내는 맞춤화 기
술에 의해 증가한다. 이와 같은 순서가 가장 자
연스럽다.
[출제의도] 글의 순서를 파악한다.
7)
[정답]
[해설] 연기 신호와 수기 신호 시스템이 밤에는 효
과가 없었는데, 수신자가 신호를 보는 것이 햇빛
에 의해 결정되었기 때문이다.
[출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다.
8)
[정답]
[해설] 뇌의 특정 부위가 특정 기능을 갖고 있다고 할
수는 있지만 그 부위나 그 기능의 명확한 경계는
정의할 수 없다는 내용이다. 따라서 ‘뇌의 각
각의 부위: 분명한 기능은 있지만 경계는 불분명
하다’가 제목으로 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 제목을 추론한다.
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
- 20 -
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한 법
적 책임을 질 수 있습니다. I410-141-24-99-088579876

9)
[정답]
[해설] 주어 expectations와 수동의 관계이므로
meet을 ‘수동태(be + 과거분사)’에 맞게 be met
으로 바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
10)
[정답]
[해설] Brady는 서른여섯 번의 터치다운 패스를 던지
고 네 번의 가로채기만 당하면서 훌륭한 2010년
시즌을 마치고 있었지만, Manning은 리그 최고
인 스물다섯 번의 가로채기를 당했다고 한 것으
로 보아 칼럼니스트들과 블로거들은 Manning의
의견이 얼마나 방어하기 힘든 지에 대해 상세히
썼다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 defensible(방어하
기 쉬운)를 indefensible(방어하기 힘든) 등으로
바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다.
11)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘이런 생각을 꾸며낸 사람은 과
학자들이 아닌 비전문가들이었으며, 그리하여 우
리에게 평범한 사고가 작동하는 훌륭한 예를 남
겨주었다.’이다. ‘이런 생각(this idea)’으로 볼
때, 이 문장 앞에 this idea가 가리키는 대상이
나올 것을 추측할 수 있다. 앞을 보면 우리
조상이 공룡과 지구를 공유했다는 뿌리 깊은 확
신의 기원은 모호한데, 이는 인간의 유골이 공룡
의 뼈와 같은 지질학적 형성물에서 발견된 적이
결코 없기 때문이며, 또한 어떤 학자도 우리 조
상이 이 거대한 파충류와 함께 살았다는 것을 시
사하는 위험을 무릅쓴 적이 없다는 내용이 나오
므로, 주어진 문장은 에 들어가는 것이 가장 적
절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
12)
[정답]
[해설] 오늘날 우리가 익숙히 아는 표기는 하나의 발
명에서 비롯된 단일 기술이 아니었다. → (A) 그
것은 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 일어난 다양한 혁신의 조
합물로 세계 각지에서 서로 다른 영향을 끼쳤다.
그러나 그것이 거친 진화의 단계는 다른 모든 장
소에서 매우 유사하다. 이 모든 표기 체계 가운
데 가장 초기에 구체화한 것은 그림 문자에 의한
것이었다. → (C) 그것은 구체적인 실체에 대한
양식화된 표현의 역할을 하는 단순화된 그림들로
이루어졌는데, 집, 강, 소를 나타내는 소의 머리
그림이었다. 그것의 사용이 확산되자 그것은 이런
사용의 맥락에 기반해 더 넓은 의미를 축적하고
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시
1) 제작연월일 : 2024-03-26 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다.
[영어 독해 연습] 10강
서로 결합되어 표의문자를 만들기 시작했다. 예를
들어, 새+알은 다산(多産)을 나타냈다. → (B) 그
러나 그것의 발전에서 가장 중요한 단계는 그것
이 생각뿐만 아니라 소리도 표현하는 데 사용되
기 시작한 때부터였다. 일단 이런 일이 일어나자,
표기는 별도의 아주 유사한 의사소통 체계로 작
동하기보다는 구어를 모방할 수 있었다. 바로 이
러한 전환이 오늘날 우리가 가진 완전히 유연한
표기 체계로 이어졌다. 이와 같은 순서가 가장
자연스럽다.
[출제의도] 글의 순서를 파악한다.
13)
[정답]
[해설] 동사 judge를 꾸며줘야 하므로 형용사
harsh를 부사 harshly로 바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
14)
[정답]
[해설] “내 시간은 당신이 필요한 만큼 당신의 것입니
다.”라고 말하면 여러분 동료의 협조 수준이 기하
급수적으로 올라갈 거라고 한 것으로 보아 여러
분이 빠듯한 시간 전략의 사용을 거꾸로 하고 싶
어 할 상황이 있을 수도 있다고 할 수 있다. 따
라서 빈칸에는 ‘빠듯한 시간 전략의 사용을 거꾸
로 하고’가 들어가야 한다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다.
15)
[정답]
[해설] 그녀를 진찰하고 나서 Mrs. Annabel은 주삿
바늘과 사과를 꺼냈다고 한 것으로 보아 그녀는
Mabel에게 “너에게 줄 사과가 하나 있지만, 네가
이 주사를 맞고 나면 줄게.”라고 말했다고 할 수
있다. 따라서 rejection(거절)을 injection(주
사)으로 바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다.
16)
[정답]
[해설] 사람들의 내집단 편향은 다양한 생각을 가
진 사람이 아닌, 생각이 비슷한 사람들과 접촉하
는 새로운 기회들로 인해 강해진다. 따라서 일치
하지 않는 것은 이다.
[출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다.
17)
[정답]
[해설] 의사소통에 대한 욕구를 해결하기 위해 인간은
과거에 다양한 시스템을 사용하였는데, 그것들은
각각 장단점이 있었다는 내용이다. 따라서 ‘인
간은 이러한 각각의 시스템들이 가진 장점들만을
이용하는 것을 특히 잘했다.’라는 문장은 글의 흐
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
- 21 -
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한 법
적 책임을 질 수 있습니다. I410-141-24-99-088579876

름과 관계가 없다.
[출제의도] 글의 흐름과 무관한 문장을 파악한다.
18)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘그것은 논점이 아니다.’이다.
‘그것(That)’으로 볼 때, 이 문장 앞에 that이 가
리키는 대상이 나올 것을 추측할 수 있다. 앞 한다. (C) risk는 동명사만을 목적어로 갖는 동사
을 보면 뇌의 다른 부위에서도 비슷한 기능적 경
계가 인정되었다고 했고, 그 뒤에는 그러나 여기
서 논점이 되는 것은, 이러한 부위들 사이에 해
부학적으로든, 기능적으로든 명확히 규정된 경계
가 있는지의 여부라는 내용이 나오므로, 주어진
문장은 에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
19)
[정답]
[해설] 하나의 공동체가 변화 열망을 표출하는 사회
운동은 ─ 그리고 모든 사회적 생활은 ─ 반복하
여 일어나는 관행을 통해 작동하는 질서 있는 상
호 작용의 공간이다. 이 관례는 집단의 양식을
구성한다. → (C) 행동은 반복되고 그 반복을 통
해 받아들여진다. 개인은 다른 사람들의 가능성
있는 반응을 예견하고 그에 따라 조정할 수 있어
야 한다. 나는 이러한 안정시키는 힘을 '행동 회
로'라고 부른다. 다른 사람들이 어떻게 반응할 것
인지에 대한 이 추정은 때로 뒤집히지만, 유용하
기 위해서는 기대가 빈번히 충족되어야 한다. →
(B) 이것이 사회 운동에서보다 더 두드러지는 곳
은 없는데, 거기에서는 조정 작용이 매우 중요하
다. 상호 작용은 참가자들이 적절하다고 생각하는
것에 대한 단체 의식을 통해 여과된다. 모임 후
에 감정을 표현하는 말, 보통 긍정적인 것을 제
공하는 것은 개인의 감정과 단체의 정서를 모두
표현하는 의례의 역할을 한다. → (A) 행동 회로
는 상호 작용 질서의 규칙과 집단 문화의 내용을
예상되고 편안한 관행에 포함한다. 그러나 협력적
인 집단 내에서 상호 작용이 질서정연하게 이루
어지기 위해서는 협상과 조정이 필수적인데, 그것
들이 가변적이지만 오래가는 관계를 구축하기 때
문이다. 이와 같은 순서가 가장 자연스럽다.
[출제의도] 글의 순서를 파악한다.
20)
[정답]
[해설] (A) 주절의 동사가 없으므로 주어 Eli
Manning의 과거 동사인 sat이 들어가야 한다.
(B) 뒤 문장이 완전하므로 접속사 that이 들어가
야 한다. (C) become의 주격 보어로 주어의 상
태를 설명하는 형용사가 들어가야 하므로 good이
들어가야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 적절한 표현을 찾는다.
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시
1) 제작연월일 : 2024-03-26 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다.
[영어 독해 연습] 10강
21)
[정답]
[해설] (A) 주어 an erroneous idea와 수동의 관계
이므로 ‘동명사의 수동태(being + 과거분사)’에
맞게 being shared가 들어가야 한다. (B) 일반동
사 existed를 대신해야 하므로 did가 들어가야
이므로 suggesting이 들어가야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 적절한 표현을 찾는다.
22)
[정답]
[해설] 표기는 별도의 아주 유사한 의사소통 체계로
작동하기보다는 구어를 모방할 수 있었다고 한
것으로 보아 바로 이러한 전환이 오늘날 우리가
가진 완전히 유연한 표기 체계로 이어졌다고 할
수 있다. 따라서 rigid(완고한)를 flexible(유연
한) 등으로 바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다.
23)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘이런 역학이 도움을 구하는 경
우에 적용될 수 있다.’이다. ‘이런 역학(This
dynamic)’으로 볼 때, 주어진 문장 앞에 this
dynamic이 가리키는 대상이 나올 것을 추측할
수 있다. 앞을 보면 사람들은 남들이 얼마나
가혹하게 그들을 판단할 것인지를 과대평가하는
경향이 있다고 했고, 그 뒤에는 작은 요청조차
도움을 구하는 사람이 남의 시선을 의식하고 쑥
스러워하며 죄책감을 느끼게 만들 수 있다는 내
용이 나오므로, 주어진 문장은 에 들어가는 것
이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
24)
[정답]
[해설] 시간의 효과적인 사용은 권위를 드러내는 최고
의 방법 중 하나인데, 여러분이 그것을 가지고
있지 않을 때도 그러하다. → (C) 시간을 지배하
는 사람은 누구든지 대부분의 경우에 상황을 지
배한다. 그들은 자신과 만나기를 원하는 사람 누
구에게나 자신의 시간이 귀중하다는 것을 항상
상기시킬 것이다. 하지만, 여러분이 빠듯한 시간
전략의 사용을 거꾸로 하고 싶어 할 상황이 있을
수도 있다. → (B) 여러분의 동료 중 한 사람과
각자의 두 부서 사이에서 생긴 어려운 상황에 대
해 논의하기 위해 만나기로 동의했다고 하자. 상
황을 해결하기 위해서는 여러분의 동료가 여러분
에게서 도움을 필요로 하는 것보다 여러분이 그
녀에게서 더 많은 도움을 필요로 하는데, 비록
여러분의 시간이 제한되어 있다고 그녀에게 말했
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
- 22 -
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한 법
적 책임을 질 수 있습니다. I410-141-24-99-088579876

더라도 그렇다. → (A) 정해진 시간에 그녀가 여
러분의 사무실로 들어올 때 보란 듯이 시계를 벗
어 놓고 시계의 앞면이 아래로 향하도록 책상 위
에 놓으라. “내 시간은 당신이 필요한 만큼 당신
의 것입니다.”라고 말하라. 회의가 시작될 때 여
러분 동료의 협조 수준이 기하급수적으로 올라가
는 것을 지켜보라. 여러분은 그녀에게서 원하는
것을 무엇이든지 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 이와 같
은 순서가 가장 자연스럽다.
[출제의도] 글의 순서를 파악한다.
25)
[정답]
[해설] (A) 주어 they와 수동의 관계이므로 ‘수동태
(be + 과거분사)’에 맞게 were loved가 들어가야
한다. (B) 뒤에 목적어가 없으므로 1형식 자동사
lie(눕다)의 과거형 lay가 들어가야 한다. (C) 동
사 woke를 꾸며줘야 하므로 부사 eventually가
들어가야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 적절한 표현을 찾는다.
26)
[정답]
[해설] 폭넓은 이념적 영역을 가진 미디어 정보를 이
용할 수 있으므로 자신의 견해와 다른 견해에 대
한 참여가 촉진될 수도 있을 것으로 예상할 수도
있지만, 실험적 연구는 그것이 실제로 정서적 양
극화의 증가로 이어진다는 것을 시사한다고 한
것으로 보아 자신들의 신념을 공유하는 다른 사
람들과 접촉함으로써 그들은 자신들의 관점에 훨
씬 더 큰 자신감을 가지게 된다고 할 수 있다.
따라서 빈칸에는 ‘자신들의 관점에 훨씬 더 큰
자신감을 가지게’가 들어가야 한다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다.
27)
[정답]
[해설] 접속사 없이는 문장과 문장이 이어질 수 없
다. 따라서 various systems를 선행사로 하고,
계속적 용법의 관계대명사 which로 바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
28)
[정답]
[해설] (A) 실제로 그렇게 할 수 있다는 내용 뒤에 뇌
의 바깥쪽의 대부분을 형성하고 뇌의 전형적으로
주름지거나 접힌 모습을 주는 대뇌피질에는 인식
할 수 있는 동작과 관련이 있다고 우리가 알고
있는 부위들이 있다는 내용이 나오므로, 뒤 문장
이 앞 문장의 예시임을 알 수 있다. 따라서 for
example, for instance가 들어가야 한다. (B) 그
것은 논점이 아니라는 내용 뒤에 여기서 논점이
되는 것은, 이러한 부위들 사이에 해부학적으로
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시
1) 제작연월일 : 2024-03-26 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다.
[영어 독해 연습] 10강
든, 기능적으로든 명확히 규정된 경계가 있는지의
여부라는 내용이 나오므로, 앞 문장과 뒤 문장이
대조 관계임을 알 수 있다. 따라서 Though,
However가 들어가야 한다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 연결사를 추론한다.
29)
[정답]
[해설] 반복해서 일어나는 관행을 통해 질서 있는 상
호 작용이 일어나며, 개인은 다른 사람들의 반응
을 예견하고 그에 따라 조정할 수 있어야 하고,
다른 사람들의 반응에 대한 기대는 자주 충족되
어야 한다는 내용이다. 따라서 ‘우리가 특정
행동을 일상으로 만드는 것은 바로 그 반복을 통
해서다.’라는 문장은 글의 흐름과 관계가 없다.
[출제의도] 글의 흐름과 무관한 문장을 파악한다.
30)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘Manning의 진술은 미디어의
많은 흥분을 촉발했다.’이다. ‘Manning의 진술
(Manning's statements)’로 볼 때, 이 문장 앞
에 Manning's statements가 가리키는 내용이
나올 것을 추측할 수 있다. 앞을 보면
Manning은 뉴잉글랜드 패트리어츠 쿼터백인
Tom Brady와 같은 수준에 있는지 질문을 받았
을 때, Manning은 잠시 멈추고 나서 “네, 저는
저 자신이 그 등급에 든다고 생각해요 ... 그런데
Tom Brady는 훌륭한 쿼터백이죠.”라고 말했다
고 했고, 그 뒤에는 칼럼니스트들과 블로거들은
Manning의 의견이 얼마나 방어하기 힘든 지에
대해 상세히 썼다는 내용이 나오므로, 주어진 문
장은 에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
31)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘유사한 결과들이 다른 연구자
들에 의해 발견되었다.’이다. ‘유사한 결과들
(Similar results)’로 볼 때, 이 문장의 앞과 뒤에
나온 연구의 결과가 서로 비슷하다는 것을 추측
할 수 있다. 앞을 보면 집단 기금에 더 많이
기부한 사람들은 덜 기부한 사람들보다 더 많은
돈에 대한 책임이 주어졌다고 했고, 그 뒤에는
또한 그들의 집단에 기여하는 사람들은 상호 작
용 파트너로서 더 자주 선택되고, 리더로서 선호
되며, 장기적인 관계를 위한 더 바람직한 파트너
들로서 평가되고, 신뢰할 수 있고 사회적 지위가
높은 것으로 인식된다는 내용이 나오므로, 주어진
문장은 에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
32)
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
- 23 -
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한 법
적 책임을 질 수 있습니다. I410-141-24-99-088579876
 [영어 독해 연습] 10강

[정답]
[해설] 요약문을 해석하면 ‘과학자들이 언론과 대화할
때 ___(A)___가 있기 때문에, 언론과 대화할지
여부는 ___(B)___ 결정이다.’이고, 글에서 과학자
가 언론과 대화를 하면 메시지를 전달하고 인정
을 받을 수 있는 장점이 있지만, 오해를 일으키
고 반복적인 해명이 필요하며 끝없는 논란에 얽
힐 위험이 있어서 언론과 대화할지 여부는 개인
적으로 결정되는 경향이 있다고 했으므로 ‘(A)
장단점 – (B) 개인적인’이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 요약문을 완성한다.

33)
[정답]
[해설] 요리하는 일의 많은 부문을 기업에 아웃소싱하
는 것의 장점에 대해 나열하는 글로, 우리가 다
른 일에 투자할 수 있도록 시간을 절약해 주고,
긴 근무일과 분주한 자녀를 포함한 가정의 다른
곤란들을 덜어주는 것이므로, heightened(강화하
다)를 ‘덜어주다, 완화하다’란 의미의 relieved,
eased로 고쳐야 한다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다.

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시
1) 제작연월일 : 2024-03-26 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다.
◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
- 24 -
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한 법
적 책임을 질 수 있습니다. I410-141-24-99-088579876