PHYSIOLOGY OF HEMATOLOGIC FK UPN VETERAN JAKARTA

SYSTEM 2023
INTRODUCTION https://youtu.be/5L57XYkAXpU
TO
HEMATOLOGY
 The production and transport of blood
• Red Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
• Inflammatory process
LEARNING • Coagulation

OBJECTS Functions
• Supplies oxygen, nutrients, and chemicals to the
body
• Transports waste to organs for removal
Blood Typing
HEMATOLOGY
Spleen

Blood Kidneys
Hematopoietic
System

Bone
Liver
Marrow
 Plasma Components

Water
90%

1. Plasma
2. Cellular

Other Protein
3% 7%

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
 Transport mechanism
90-92% water
PLASMA 6-7% proteins
2-3% fats, carbohydrates (glucose), electrolites,
gases (O2 and CO2), chemical messengers
FORMED MATERIALS
Erythrocyte : mature red blood cell
Reticulocyte : immature red blood cell, characterized by mesh-like
pattern of threads
Macrophage : large cell that ‘eats bad’ blood cells
Leukocyte : white blood cell
FORMED MATERIALS
Granulocyte : cell with grain-like structures in cytoplasm
Agranulocyte : cell with out grain-like structure
Basophilic : stained w/ basic (blue) dyes
Eosenophilic : stained w/ acidic (pink) dyes
FORMED MATERIALS
Clotting Cells
Thrombocyte : nucleated clotting cell, contains nucleus
Platelet : enucleated clotting cell, no nucleus
Megakaryocyte : large nucleated cell in bone marrow that makes
platelets
CELLULAR COMPONENTS
Pluripotent Stem Cell

Myeloid Multipotent Common Lymphoid

Stem Cells Stem Cells

Unipotent
Lymphocytes
Progenitors

WBC’s Basophils RBC’s

Eosinophils
Erythrocytes
Neutrophils
Monocytes

Erythropoietin

Platelets

Thrombocytes
 HEMATOPOEISIS
Three developmental periods

1. Mesoblastic
Blood islands of yolk sac
Primarily RBC production
Embryonic hemoglobin produced
HEMATOPOEISIS
2. Hepatic
At 6 weeks cell production in liver
Fetal hemoglobin produced
Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes also active produce
3. Myeloid
At 5th month Bone Marrow becomes site of production
Liver & spleen now Extramedullary
Hemoglobin A (22)
REQUIREMENTS FOR HEMATOPOIESIS
1. Stem Cells
2. Growth Factors
3. Micro-environment
STEM CELLS
CYTOKINES & GROWTH FACTORS
Cytokines stimulate or inhibit
Prevent apoptosis
Colony-Stimulating Factors produced by many different cells
Interleukins numbered according to discovery
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
Red Blood Cells
Erythrocyte
Hemoglobin – O2 bearing molecule
Comprised of 4 subunits:
Globin (binds to 1 O2 molecule)
Heme (iron)
100% saturation = 4 globin subunits
carrying O2 Cellsalive.com

Each gram of hemoglobin = 1.34 ml O2

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
 Margination
 Phagocytosis

The macrophage is using its internal

cytoskeleton to envelop cells of the fungus
Candida albicans.
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
Leukocytes White Blood Cell Count
Leukopoiesis
1. Granulocytes
Neutrophil
Basophil
Eosinophil
2. Monocytes
Human Neutrophil:
3. Lymphocytes Phagocytosis of Strep pyogenes
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
Leukocytes (cont.)
Immunity
Subpopulation of lymphocytes
known as T cells and B cells
T cells develop cellular
immunity
B cells produce humoral
immunity
INFLAMMATORY PROCESS
 MAST CELLS
 Immunoglobulin E antibody IgE,
 Antigens
 Antigens stick to the mast cell IgE antibodies, causing
granules in the mast cell to fire their contents into the
surrounding tissue.
 This releases a host of inflammatory materials -
leukotrienes, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-4 and
other cytokines that turn on other inflammatory cells.
 These materials cause fluid to leak from the capillaries
and white cells including neutrophils, T cells and
eosinophils to leave the circulation. The end result is a
"local inflammatory response", a red, itchy welt.
 HEMOSTASIS
3 mechanisms
1. Vascular spasm
Contraction of tunica media
2. Platelet plug
Platelet aggregation
3. Coagulation
Formation of fibrin clot
COAGULATION CASCADE
BLOOD PRODUCTS AND BLOOD TYPING

Blood Typing - ABO

Blood type Antigen present Antibody
on erythrocyte present in
serum
O None Anti-A, Anti-B
AB A and B None
B B Anti-A
A A Anti-B
BLOOD PRODUCTS AND BLOOD TYPING
Compatibility Among ABO Blood Groups
Reaction with serum of Recipient
Donor Cells AB B A O
AB - + + +
B - - + +
A - + - +
O - - - -
-= no reaction
+ = reaction
BLOOD PRODUCTS AND BLOOD TYPING

Brady; Paramedic Care Principles and Practice

YOUTUBE LINK
https://youtu.be/cm8IK24RRvA (haematopoiesis)
https://youtu.be/Luuf5bvkC7c (red blood cell physiology)
https://youtu.be/ahCy97FVUpM (iron physiology)
https://youtu.be/cATQFej6oAc (red blood cell life cycle)
https://youtu.be/LtueiaR5Suw (blood fractionation : WBC, platlets and clotting factors)
https://youtu.be/GAcAPDVD3C0 (hemostasis)
https://youtu.be/35--8dAcZGw
https://youtu.be/HQWlcSp9Sls
https://youtu.be/9-XoM2144tk
https://youtu.be/yj7bfZKlIp8