HARVEY G.

AMOYAN
BSED 1-SOCIAL STUDIES

Nature of the learning Motivational and

process emotional influences on
learning

Goals of the learning Intrinsic motivation

process

Construction of Cognitive and Motivational and Effects of motivation on

knowledge Metacognitive Affective Factors effort
Factors
Strategic thinking

Thinking about thinking

14 LEARNER
Context of learning CENTERED
PRINCIPLES

Individual differences in
learning

Developmental and Individual

Developmental influences
Social Factors Differences Factors
on learning
Learning and diversity

Social influences on
learning Standards and assessment
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
2.1. The statement “Variety is a spice of life” is highly applicable in the selection of
instructional strategies and motivational strategies:
- By incorporating variety in instructional strategies helps engage learners and cater to their
diverse learning styles and preferences. By using a range of teaching methods such as lectures,
discussions, group work, hands-on activities, multimedia presentations, and technology-based
tools, teachers can create a dynamic and stimulating learning environment. This variety keeps
learners actively involved, promotes deeper understanding, and enhances retention of
information. As well as on the variety in motivational strategies that helps to sustain learners’
interest and enthusiasm for learning. Different individuals are motivated by different factors, so
employing a mix of strategies allows teachers to appeal to a broader range of motivations. And
lastly, embracing variety in both instructional and motivational strategies acknowledges the
diverse needs, preferences, and motivations of learners. It recognizes that different approaches
can be effective for different individuals, fostering a learner-centered environment that promotes
active engagement, deeper understanding, and a positive attitude towards learning.
2.2. “This subject is my waterloo” is a statement commonly used by learners to express
their difficulty with a particular subject. As a teacher, there are several motivational and
affective strategies that can be used to alter this perception and attitude:
It provides personalized support where offers individualized assistance and guidance to help the
learner overcome challenges and build confidence in the subject. It also break down the subject
into manageable parts which divides the subject matter into smaller, more digestible units or
topics, making it less overwhelming for the learner. And lastly, it foster a growth mindset that
encourage the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and practice,
emphasizing the importance of perseverance and a positive attitude towards learning.
3. It is important for beginning teachers to be aware of learner-centered psychological
principles for school reform because:
- They provide a foundation for effective teaching: Understanding these principles helps
teachers create a student-centered learning environment that supports the diverse needs and
abilities of their students. And they also promote student engagement and motivation by
incorporating learner-centered strategies, teachers can foster active engagement, motivation, and
a love for learning in their students. And lastly, being aware of these principles equips beginning
teachers with the knowledge and strategies necessary to create meaningful and effective learning
experiences for their students, ultimately contributing to their growth, success, and overall well-
being.