Graduate RESEARCH SAMPLE

FACTORS AFFECTING THE MATHEMATICS PERFORMANCE OF
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS
A Thesis
Presented to
the Faculty of College of Teacher Education
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Batangas City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION
Major in Mathematics Teaching
Andrew E. San Andres
May 2017
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “FACTORS AFFECTING THE MATHEMATICS

PERFORMANCE OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS” prepared and
submitted by ANDREW E. SAN ANDRES has been approved and
accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master
of Arts in Education major in Mathematics Teaching.
BRYAN P. MANALO, M.A.Ed

Adviser
Accepted and approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with

a grade of _________.
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
ROWENA R. ABREA, Ph.D

Chairman
CHARITY A. ALDOVER, Ph.D NERRIE E. MALALUAN, Ed.D

Member Member
CORAZON B. CABRERA, Ph.D

External Representative
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the degree of Master of Arts in Education major in Mathematics Teaching.
Comprehensive Examination: _________
_______________ ROWENA R. ABREA, Ph. D

Date Dean, CTE
ABSTRACT
Title : Path Analysis of the Correlates of Mathematics

Performance of Pre-service Teachers
Researcher : Andrew E. San Andres
Degree : Master of Arts in Education
Major : Mathematics Teaching
Year : 2017
Adviser : Bryan P. Manalo, M.A.Ed
Summary
[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text
here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text
here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researcher would like to express his sincerest gratitude to the
following persons who helped him in the completion of the study:
Mr. Bryan P. Manalo, the researcher’s adviser, for his painstaking
effort in giving suggestions and advice.
Dr. Rowena R. Abrea, Dean of the College of Teacher Education, for
her utmost support and encouragement to finish the study.
here][Add text here][Add text here].
Andrew
DEDICATION
This is
To all the persons who encouraged us
To pursue this creation of wisdom
In which we shed our blood
and sweat…
Andrew
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………... i
APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………...…… ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.…………………………………………….... iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………….. v
DEDICATION…………………………………………………………..… vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………….…...… viii
LIST OF TABLES(if any)………………………………………………. x
LIST OF FIGURES(if any)…………………………………………..…. xi
CHAPTER
I. THE PROBLEM
Introduction………………………………………………….….. 1
Statement of the Problem……………………………...……... 6
Scope, Delimitation and Limitation of the Study.……...……. 7
Significance of the Study………………………………...….… 8
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Conceptual Literature…………………………………...……... __
Research Literature…………………………………….…….... __
Synthesis……………………………………………………….. __
Theoretical Framework…………………………………..…..... __
Conceptual Framework…………………………………..…..... __
Hypothesis of the Study(if any)……………………………...... __
Definition of Terms………………………………………….…. __
III. RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE
Research Design……….………………………………........... __
Subjects of the Study.....………………………………………. __
Data Gathering Instrument.………..…………………………. __
Data Gathering Procedure……..……………………………… __
Statistical Treatment of Data…….……………………........... __
IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
XxxxxxXxxxxxxxxxxXxxxxxXxxxxxxxxxx…….................... __
V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings ….………………………………………. __
Conclusions………………………………….………………… __
Recommendations…………………………………………….. __
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………… __
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 XxxxxxXxxxxxxxxxxXxxxxx……......................................... __
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Research Paradigm on XxxxxxXxxxxxxxxxx

XxxxxxXxxxxxxxxxxXxxxxxXxxxxxx
XxxxxxXxxxxxxxxxxXxxxxxXxxxx................................ __
2 XxxxxxXxxxxxxxxxxXxxxxx ……......................................... __
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
According to Guerra (2010), [Add text here][Add text here][Add text
here][Add text here[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text
here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].
Statement of the Problem
This study determined the [Add text here][Add text here][Add text
here][Add text here[Add text here][Add text here].
Specifically, this study sought answers to the following questions:
1. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here][Add text here]?

text here][Add text here]:
2.1 variable 1;
2.2 variable 2; and
2.3 variable 3?
Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation of the Study
Significance of the Study
This study may be of benefit to educational planners, TEIs,

administrators, faculty members, students as well as future researchers.
To educational planners, [Add text here][Add text here][Add text
To TEIs, administrators, [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here]
[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].
To faculty members, [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here]
To students, [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text
To future researchers, [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here]

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter presents the review of conceptual and research
literatures which have bearing on the present study, its synthesis,
theoretical and conceptual frameworks, hypothesis and definition of key
terms.
Conceptual Literature
The following literature shows specific concepts about pre-service
teacher education, mathematics instruction, teaching strategies and
supplementary activities.
Pre-service Teacher Education. According to Guerra (2015), [Add
text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].
Mathematics Instruction. Guerero (2016) stated that [Add text
Teaching Strategies. As posited by Manguera (2017), [Add text
Supplementary Activities. Related to the idea of Guerra (2014),

[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here]
[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].
Research Literature
A thorough review of several researches conducted in relation to
this study contributed significantly to a comprehensive understanding of
the data generated from the study.
It was concluded from the study conducted by Roxas (2012) that
Synthesis
The aforementioned review of literature provided the researcher vast
information on different topics closely related to the present study. The
concepts of Guerra and Santiago provided inputs on the status of teacher
education institutions. Moreover, [Add text here][Add text here][Add text
here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add
text here] [Add text here] [Add text here].
The study of De Casto et al. also tackled about the teaching of
mathematics giving emphasis to different approaches which enhanced
teaching and learning process. Likewise, the present study also sought to
determine the current trend in teaching mathematics but was more
focused in the tertiary level in the College of Teacher Education.
[Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add
text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here]
[Add text here].
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework

The foregoing concepts were basis for creating a research
paradigm as presented in Figure 1.
The paradigm identifies [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here]
[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here]
[Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text
here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add
text here] [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here][Add text here].
here][Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add
here].
here][Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add
here].
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Mathematics
Program
Objectives
Variable 1
Variable 2
Variable 3
Variable 4
Variable 5
Variable 6
Questionnaire Supplementary
Teaching Exercises in
Components Focus Group General
Lesson Preparation Discussion Mathematics
Delivery of
Instruction
Instructional
Materials
Evaluation
Instruments
Constraints
Figure 1
Research Paradigm on the Factors Affecting the Mathematics

Performance of Pre-service Teachers
Hypothesis
The study was premised on the null hypothesis that there is no
significant relationship between the mathematics performance and
attitudes of pre-service teachers.
Definition of Terms
For clarity in the presentation of the study, some of the important
terms are defined conceptually and operationally in this section.
Pre – service teachers. These pertain to students enrolled in the
Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd), Bachelor of Secondary
Education (BSEd) and other related teacher education programs
(Bernandez, 2011). As employed in this study, they pertain to the third year
and fourth year BSEd students with mathematics as the major field of
specialization.
Term 2. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here]
Term 3. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here]
Supplementary Exercises. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text
here][Add text here].
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

This chapter presents the research design, subjects of the study, the
instrument and procedures used in gathering the data as well as the
statistical tools to treat data.
Research Design
This study utilized descriptive-normative survey to [Add text here]
[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].This design was deemed to
be themost appropriate in this study as [Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here[Add text here][Add
text here][Add text here][Add text here].
As defined by Calmorin (2016), the descriptive-normative survey
seeks to [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here][Add text here[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here]. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here] [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here] [Add
text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].
Subjects of the Study

The research involved two groups of respondents: college/university
faculty, and pre – service teachers in the Division of Batangas. The
breakdown of the respondents under study is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Distribution of Respondents
Teacher Education Pre-Service

Faculty
Institutions Teachers
A 4 33
B 6 27
C 3 15
D 5 8
E 2 6
F 3 79
G 2 5
TOTAL 25 173
Out of 198 research participants, 25 were science
professors/instructors while 173 of them were third year and fourth year
science major students. No sampling technique was done as the total
population of faculty and pre-service teachers were used as respondents.
Data Gathering Instrument
The study used a researcher-made questionnaire and test, as data
gathering instruments
Questionnaire. The main instrument used in gathering data was the
researcher-made questionnaire which consisted of three parts:[Add text
here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].[Add text
Construction.[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text
Validation.[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text
Administration.[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text
Scoring of Responses.[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here]
[Add text here][Add text here].The following scale continuum and
corresponding verbal interpretations were used.

Option Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
4 3.50 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.50 – 3.49 Agree
2 1.50 – 2.49 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree
Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Treatment of Data
To interpret the data collected, the following statistical tools were
used to answer the research questions.
Kendall’s Tau b. This was used to measure the strength of
relationship that exists among the variables considered in the study.

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data
regarding [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here].
1. Assessment on the Status of Mathematics Program
The three groups of respondents assessed the status of the
mathematics program as to its objectives, [Add text here][Add text here]
[Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].
1.1. Objectives. Clear, concrete and specific objectives set forth
would be a great driving force to achieve the desired outcomes. Table 1
shows the assessments of the faculty and pre – service teachers on the
status of mathematics program as to its objectives.

Table 1
Assessment on the Status of Mathematics Program
relative to Objectives
Pre-Service
Faculty
Items Teachers
WM VI WM VI
Mathematics program …
1. integrates theory and practice to
4.23 TGE 4.38 TGE
provide updated knowledge in the
field of mathematics.
2.
3.
Composite Mean 4.39 TGE 4.29 TGE

Legend: WM = Weighted Mean VI = Verbal Interpretation
TVGE = To a Very Great Extent TGE = To a Great Extent
2. Comparison of Assessments on the Status of Mathematics
Program
The assessments of the respondents regarding the status of
mathematics program were compared. Table 2 shows the comparison on
the assessments of the faculty and pre – service teachers as regards to

the status of mathematics program in the Division of Batangas.
Table 2
Comparison on the Assessments of Faculty and Pre-service
Teachers on the Status of Mathematics Program
tc p- Decisio
Variable Interpretation
value n on H0
Objectives 1.072 0.285 Reject Significant
Variable 2
Variable 3
Variable 4
Variable 5
Variable 6
Variable 7
df =195 α =0.05
3. Supplementary Exercises in Number Theory

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and
recommendations of the study.
Summary of Findings
This study determined the [Add text here][Add text here][Add text
here][Add text here[Add text here][Add text here].
Specifically, this study sought answers to the following questions:
text here][Add text here]:
2.1 variable 1;
2.2 variable 2; and
2.3 variable 3?

The descriptive method of research was utilized in this study. A
research – made questionnaire was the main data –gathering instrument
complemented by interviews and focus group discussion. Respondents
were 120 mathematics teachers and 143 pre – service teachers with
mathematics as field of specialization. Weighted mean, ranking, and t –
test were utilized as statistical tools to treat gathered data.
1. Assessment on the Status of Mathematics Program
1.1. Objectives. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here].[Add text here][Add text here].
1.2. Variable 2. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here].[Add text here][Add text here].
1.3. Variable 3. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add
text here][Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here]
[Add text here] [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].[Add text here]
[Add text here].

2. Comparison of Assessments on the Status of Mathematics
Program
here] [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text
3. Supplementary Exercises in Number Theory
Conclusions
In the light to the foregoing findings, the following conclusions are
drawn.
1. [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here] [Add text here][Add
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions drawn from the collected
data, the researcher recommends the following:

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. BOOKS
Peterson, P.S. (2009). Differential calculus and its applications. Quezon
City, Philippines: Heaven’s Gate Publishers.
Peterson, P.S. & Villalobos, J.P. (2010). Differential calculus and its
applications. Quezon City, Philippines: Heaven’s Gate Publishers.
Peterson, P.S., et al. (2011). Differential calculus and its applications.
Quezon City, Philippines: Heaven’s Gate Publishers.
B. THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
Alonzo, T.J. (2015). Problem solving skills of pre-service teachers.
Doctoral Dissertation. Batangas State University, Batangas City,
Philippines.
Gomez, D.S. (2016). Mathematics skills of college students. Master’s
Thesis. University of San Carlos, Dagupan City, Philippines.
C. PERIODICALS
Castro, E.F. (2012). The use of social media in teaching mathematics: The
case of Twitter. Journal of Mathematics and Technology. 5(2), 5-8.
De Castro, C.J. (2004). Student engagements with social media: The case
of Facebook. Journal of Mathematics and Technology. 5(2), 58-63.
doi:15.1892/JMT.5.2.1.
Hernandez, J.M., et al. (2011, March). Instragam use and problem solving
skills in mathematics. Mathematics Magazine, 7(2), 59-65.
Hernandez, J.M., et al. (2011, March). Instragam use and problem solving
skills in mathematics. Mathematics Magazine, 7(2). Retrieved from
http://mathmagazine.com.
Lopez, L.P. (2014, December 12). Social media may improve
mathematical skills of students. Philippine Weekly Inquirer, pp. B1,
B3, B7-10.
Lopez, L.P. (2014, December 12). Social media may improve
mathematical skills of students. Philippine Weekly Inquirer.
Retrieved from http://content.pwinquirer.com/weekly/newspaper/
article/2,5718,6255.html.
D. INTERNET SOURCES
Luckerson, V. (2016). The challenge of Twitter in mathematics
classrooms. Retrieved from http://mathwiz.com/challenge-of-twitter-
in-mathematics-classroom.html on March 5, 2017.
E. OTHER SOURCES
Gronlund, E. D. (2013). Manual in mathematics laboratory.

APPENDICES
Appendix A
[Attach the scanned letter here]

RECIPIENTS OF LETTER
1. Dr. XXX XX X. XXXX – Dean, College of Education, XXXXXX

University
2. Dr. XXX XX X. XXXX – Principal, XXXXXX University

Appendix B
[Attach the scanned letter here]

RECIPIENTS OF LETTER
1. Dr. XXX XX X. XXXX – Dean, College of Education, XXXXXX

University
2. Dr. XXX XX X. XXXX – Principal, XXXXXX University

CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name : Peter E. San Pedro
Address : San Antonio, San Pascual, Batangas
Date of Birth : December 25, 1992
Place of Birth : Mary Mediatrix Medical Center
Citizenship : Filipino
Mobile Number : 09xx-xxxxxxx
E-mail Address : peter_key@heaven.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Graduate Studies
Batangas State University
Master of Arts in Education
Major in Mathematics Teaching
2011 – present
Tertiary
Bachelor of Secondary Education
Major in Mathematics
2006 – 2010 Cum Laude
Secondary
Saint Joseph Academy
San Jose, Batangas
2002 – 2006 Valedictorian
Elementary
Joseph Marello Institute
San Juan, Batangas
1996 – 2002 Valedictorian
ELIGIBILITY
Licensure Examination for Teachers

95.40 %
September 25, 2011
Lucena City
Civil Service Eligibility pursuant to PD 907

# 10529565
December 5, 2011
WORK EXPERIENCES

Head, Student Discipline August 2015-present
Coordinator, Extension Services June 2013-August 2015
Saint Thomas Academy

Mathematics Instructor June 2010-March 2013
HONORS/AWARDS RECEIVED
 Metrobank’s Outstanding Teacher Award, 2015

 Best Presenter Award, 2012
RESEARCHES CONDUCTED
 Structural Equation Modelling in Mathematics Performance, 2015

 Correlates of Emotional Intelligence: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis,
2013
PUBLICATION
 Author of the Book College Algebra in the Modern World,
published by Heaven’s Gate Publishing, Inc. © 2013
MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
 Member, Mathematics Guild of the Philippines

 Member, National Math Wizards Society

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FACTORS AFFECTING THE MATHEMATICS PERFORMANCE OF

Andrew E. San Andres

This thesis entitled “FACTORS AFFECTING THE MATHEMATICS

BRYAN P. MANALO, M.A.Ed

Accepted and approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with

ROWENA R. ABREA, Ph.D

CHARITY A. ALDOVER, Ph.D NERRIE E. MALALUAN, Ed.D

CORAZON B. CABRERA, Ph.D

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Comprehensive Examination: _________

_______________ ROWENA R. ABREA, Ph. D

Title : Path Analysis of the Correlates of Mathematics

Researcher : Andrew E. San Andres

Degree : Master of Arts in Education

Major : Mathematics Teaching

Adviser : Bryan P. Manalo, M.A.Ed

here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].

The researcher would like to express his sincerest gratitude to the

following persons who helped him in the completion of the study:

Mr. Bryan P. Manalo, the researcher’s adviser, for his painstaking

effort in giving suggestions and advice.

Dr. Rowena R. Abrea, Dean of the College of Teacher Education, for

her utmost support and encouragement to finish the study.

here][Add text here][Add text here].

here][Add text here][Add text here].

here][Add text here][Add text here].

To all the persons who encouraged us

To pursue this creation of wisdom

In which we shed our blood

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.…………………………………………….... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………….…...… viii

LIST OF TABLES(if any)………………………………………………. x

LIST OF FIGURES(if any)…………………………………………..…. xi

Statement of the Problem……………………………...……... 6

Scope, Delimitation and Limitation of the Study.……...……. 7

Significance of the Study………………………………...….… 8

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Hypothesis of the Study(if any)……………………………...... __

III. RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

Subjects of the Study.....………………………………………. __

Data Gathering Instrument.………..…………………………. __

Data Gathering Procedure……..……………………………… __

Statistical Treatment of Data…….……………………........... __

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

Summary of Findings ….………………………………………. __

1 Research Paradigm on XxxxxxXxxxxxxxxxx

here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].

According to Guerra (2010), [Add text here][Add text here][Add text

here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].

Statement of the Problem

here][Add text here[Add text here][Add text here].

Specifically, this study sought answers to the following questions:

1. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add

text here][Add text here]?

2. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add

2.2 variable 2; and

3. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add

text here][Add text here]?

4. [Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here][Add

text here][Add text here]?

Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation of the Study

here][Add text here][Add text here][Add text here].