The Mughal Empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526

by Babur, The Mughal dynasty was one of the longest-reigning dynasties in

India before the colonisation of India by the British. The Mughal dynasty (1526–
1858) was among the richest and longest ruling in India, and at its peak controlled
large portions of the Indian subcontinent. A list of the most well-known Mughal
dynasty rulers is given below:

1. Babur
2. Humayun
3. Akbar
4. Jahangir
5. Shah Jahan

 Aurangazeb Akbar was the third emperor of the Mughal dynasty.

 Akbar succeeded his father Humayun. The reign of Akbar started from
11th February 1556 and went on till 27th October 1605, till he died.
Bairam Khan was the regent of Akbar. The Mughal dynasty faced stiff
resistance from the Marathas and Sikh emperors, primarily from the
Marathas. Marathas conquered almost all the territories of Mughals in
Northern India.
Central Administration
The Mughal empire rules almost in every part of modern India. The Mughal empire was
the central administrative authority in order to hold the entire power.

1. Emperor-The emperor was the superior in the Mughal administration and holds the
supreme authority of the entire Mughal empire. The order of the emperor was the last and
final order in Mughal administration.
2. Wakil and Wazir- Wazir was also known as diwan, and had both civil and military power.
Later, in the Mughal empire in the era of king Akbar, he took the financial power of the
wakil and handed this power to the diwan kul, who was the finance minister of the
administration.
3. Diwani Kul- Diwani kul was the financial minister in the Mughal administration, who
looked out all the financial transactions and payments.
4. Mir Bakshi- Mir Bakshi keeps an important role at the central level in the Mughal empire.
He looks out the payment, appointment and other works related to the soldiers.
5. Mir saman- Mir saman or khan saman was the head of the purchase department.
6. Sadr-us Sudar- Ecclesiastical department and charity department was under the sadr-us
sudur or sadr.
 Province Administration
During the era of Akbar, he divided the Mughal empire into the 12 subas. To control and
regulate these subas, the uniform administrative model for each suba was adopted. The
part of province level of Mughal administration are:

1. Diwan- Diwan was head of all the operation specially revenue department in a suba and
responsible to report at the central level. Letter to make the diwan independent with the
responsibility of subhadra, Sipah Salar Nazim position is formed.
2. Bakhshi- Bakhshi keeps an important role at the suba level in the Mughal empire. He
looks out the payment, appointment and other works related to the soldiers at suba.
3. Darogha- Darogha- i dak was responsible for the communication system of the imperial
postal system in the suba. It was the system of sending and receiving the message at the
dak chowkis.
4. Fozdar and kotwal- Fozdar was the administrative head of the district and kotwal were
appointed to do the executive and ministerial duties.

Local Administration
The local administration was divided into the sarkar, pargana and village level.

1. Sarkar level-In the sarkar level, the faujdar and malguzar were the two most important
posts. Faujdar was the administrative head and responsible to safeguard the life and
property of people and the malguzar was the revenue collector.
2. Pargana level- Parganas works at the bottom hand of the sarkar. In the paragana,
shiqqadar is an executive officer of the amalguzar.
3. Village level-This is the lowest administration unit of the Mughal administration.
Muqqaddam was the head man of the village at the village level administration. Patwari
was responsible to keep the record of revenue in the village.

Town, Fort and port administration

The administration to handle the work related to the town (cities), forts and the ports, this
department was responsible in Mughal administration. The officers in this administration
are –

1. Kotwal- The first responsibility of the kotwal is to provide safeguard to the people and
their property at the city level. Kotwal keeps the record of the unknown person, and
issues the permit to the outsiders.
2. Al’adar- Al’adar was in incharge of the administration of the forts and responsible to guard
the fort which indeed fell in his assigned area.
3. Mutasaddi- Mutasaddi was the governor of the ports, whose duty was to collect the tax
and supervised the ports activities.