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Data analysis tools and techniques are the methods and procedures that help
to collect, organize, interpret, and present data in a meaningful way. There are
different types of data and relevant analytical techniques depending on the
nature, purpose, and scope of the analysis. Some of the common data analysis
tools and techniques are:
● Types of data and relevant analytical techniques: Data can be classified
into various types, such as qualitative or quantitative, nominal or ordinal,
discrete or continuous, cross-sectional or longitudinal, and so on. Each
type of data has its own characteristics, advantages, and limitations, and
requires different analytical techniques to handle and process. For
example, qualitative data, such as text, images, or audio, can be
analyzed using methods such as content analysis, thematic analysis,
discourse analysis, or narrative analysis. Quantitative data, such as
numbers, measurements, or statistics, can be analyzed using methods
such as descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, hypothesis testing, or
regression analysis. 1 2
● Data matrix and code data for analysis: A data matrix is a way of
summarizing and analyzing qualitative data in a table of rows and
columns. It allows for both cross-case as well as sorting data by theme.
Typically, individual cases are sorted by row, while themes to which the
data have been coded occupy the columns of the matrix. Data coding is
the process of assigning labels or categories to the data, especially
qualitative data, to summarize, organize, and interpret the data, and
identify themes or patterns in the data. Data coding can be done
deductively, using predefined codes, or inductively, using codes that
emerge from the data. 6 8
● Regression, multivariate analysis, AHP, DEA and critical indices: These
are some of the advanced data analysis techniques that can be used for
different purposes and contexts. Regression is a technique that models
the relationship between one or more independent variables and a
dependent variable, and predicts the value of the dependent variable
based on the values of the independent variables. Multivariate analysis
is a technique that deals with multiple variables simultaneously, and
explores the interactions, associations, or differences among them. AHP
(Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a technique that helps to make decisions
based on multiple criteria, and assigns weights and priorities to the
criteria and alternatives. DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is a technique
that evaluates the relative efficiency of a set of entities or units, such as
organizations, processes, or systems, based on their inputs and outputs.
Critical indices are measures or indicators that reflect the performance,
quality, or impact of a phenomenon or an entity, such as customer
satisfaction, employee engagement, or environmental sustainability. 11 12
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Source(s)
1. The 7 Most Useful Data Analysis Techniques [2023 Guide] - CareerFoundry
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2. What is data analysis? Methods, techniques, types & how-to - datapine
3. Qualitative Data Coding 101 (With Examples) - Grad Coach
4. Framework Matrices | Better Evaluation
5. Symmetry | Free Full-Text | Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Multi ...
6. An integrated approach based on DEA and AHP | SpringerLink
7. Hierarchy grey relational analysis using DEA and AHP
8. The 4 Types of Data Analysis [Ultimate Guide] - CareerFoundry
9. 10 Top Types of Data Analysis Methods and Techniques - Intellspot
10. Data Analytics: Definition, Uses, Examples, and More | Coursera
11. Data Matrix - Wikipedia
12. GS1 DataMatrix Guideline | GS1
13. Data Matrix Codes vs. QR Codes – What is the Difference?
14. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040563
15. Getty Images