Tyrese Haden Macahis 9-Legaspi

Review of Related Literature

“Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic

review”

This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against

Anopheles mosquitoes. A total of 62 trials were searched, with Ligusticum sinense extract

showing the highest repellency effect. Other essential oils from plants like lavender, camphor,

and geranium also showed good repellency. These oils could be formulated for eco-friendly

repellents, as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and readily available. This knowledge can be

used to develop new natural products as an alternative to synthetic repellents.( A Asadollahi, M

Khoobdel, A Zahraei-RamazaniMalaria , 2019 )

“Chemical composition and repellent activity of native plants essential oils against dengue

mosquito, Aedes aegypti”

A study has found that plant-based essential oils can be used as a potential alternative to

commercial mosquito repellent, DEET. The essential oils of various plants were extracted using

steam distillation and tested against laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti. The most abundant

constituents were piperitenone oxide (47.1%), limonene (41.3%), germacrene D (36.6%), cis-

lachnophyllum ester (33.3%), and dihydrotagetone (20.9%). The study suggests that the dilute

solution of M. spicata essential oil could be used as a potent mosquito repellent.( M Azeem, T

Zaman, M Tahir, A Haris, Z Iqbal, 2019 )

“Insect repellent plants: A recent update”

Plant interactions with insects and the environment are dynamic and bidirectional. Insect

herbivores pose a threat to plants at various stages and parts of their growth, such as shoots,

leaves, and reproductive growth. They suck plant sap, feed on different plant parts, and can

spread diseases. In response, plants have evolved numerous mechanisms to counter insect

attacks. These mechanisms include producing secondary metabolites like terpenoids, alkaloids,

flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, as well as volatile organic compounds and essential oils.

These substances serve a defensive role and help protect plants by regulating signaling cascades.

They can be toxic to insects or attract natural enemies to save the plants. This chapter provides a

systematic review of these insect-repellent molecules in plants and explores their potential as

eco-friendly alternatives to combat insect pests.( S.K. Sukrutha a, R. Ramachandra b, Santosh

Anand b, 2023)

“Repellent, larvicidal and adulticidal activities of essential oil from Dai medicinal plant

Zingiber cassumunar against Aedes albopictus ”

The study identifies the components of Zingiber cassumunar essential oil that show repellent

activity against Aedes albopictus. The oil exhibited moderate repellent activity, with the major

active compound being (−)-terpinen-4-ol. It also showed moderate larvicidal activity against first

instar larvae of Ae. albopictus. Fumigation bioassays showed moderate adulticidal activity, with

(−)-terpinen-4-ol showing significant adulticidal activity. This study supports the folk usage of Z.

cassumunar essential oil as a mosquito repellent and suggests its potential as plant-derived
repellents and insecticides for mosquito control.( MX Li, YP Ma, HX Zhang, HZ Sun, HH

Su,2021 )

“Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for

Mosquitoes in a Field Setting”

Plant essential oils (EOs) have been found to be effective spatial repellents against mosquitoes,

including the tropical yellow fever mosquito. In lab experiments, cinnamon bark, lemongrass,

and rosemary proved repellent to Aedes aegypti. Combining EOs with geranium and peppermint

enhanced their repellent effect. The lemongrass and cinnamon bark blend also showed repellency

against the cool weather mosquito, Culiseta incidens. This suggests that EOs could be used in

small outdoor gatherings to protect humans from mosquito-borne diseases.( DAH Peach, M

Almond, R Gries, 2019 )

“Plant-based, aqueous, water-repellent sprays for coating textiles”

A study reveals the potential of biodegradable and biosourced superhydrophobic coatings in the

water-repellent coating industry. The coatings were prepared from plant waxes, isolated using

solvent extraction, and characterized using DSC, GC-MS, and DLS. The coatings were then

heat-treated onto textiles, resulting in a superhydrophobic surface. The study suggests that using

less coating material than commercial coatings, these high-performing petroleum-free coatings

could be applied onto various polar textiles, revolutionizing the industry.( SK Fleetwood, S Bell,

R Jetter, EJ Foster , 2023 )

“Repellent efficacy of essential oils and plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum and

Plodia interpunctella”

The study examined the repellent effectiveness of essential oils (Origanum vulgare, Pimpinella

anisum, and Tanacetum cinerariifolium) and plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum and

Plodia interpunctella. Results showed carvacrol, anethole, and jasmolin I as predominant

constituents in O. vulgare, P. anisum, and T. cinerariifolium, respectively. OT1 was found to be

the best repellent substance against all tested insects, with OT1 showing a five-fold increase in

efficacy against T. castaneum larvae compared to T. cinerariifolium.( HE Lee, SJ Hong, N

Hasan, EJ Baek, 2020 )

“Controlling invasive plant species in ecological restoration: A global review”

Invasive plant species can harm native plants and impact ecosystem properties like soil cover and

nutrient cycling. Controlling these invasives is costly but essential for ecosystem restoration. A

literature review of 372 articles from 2000 to 2019 found that grasses and forbs were the most

studied invasive plants in restoration sites, while invasive trees were widely studied in the

tropics. Non-chemical interventions like mowing and prescribed fire were commonly used, but

glyphosate spraying was also prevalent. The studies were mainly conducted in developed

countries, with lower HDI countries relying on non-chemical methods. More research is needed

in developing countries, which are crucial for biodiversity conservation and restoration efforts.(

Emanuela W. A. Weidlich, Flávia G. Flórido, Taísi B. Sorrini, Pedro H. S. Brancalio, 08 May

2020)