a.

If the imaged object is small relative to the field-of-view, its k-space frequency representation will
be mostly confined to the center.
Option (c) is true. Options (a) and (b) are reversed. Concerning incorrect choice (d), the physical size of
the object imaged and its frequency expanse in k-space are inversely related. In other words, small objects
have ripples far out into the periphery of k-space, while larger objects have their spectral energies more
concentrated at the center. Link to Q&A discussion
2. Consider a conventional 2DFT spin-echo pulse sequence with frequency encoding along the x-axis
and phase-encoding along the y-axis. Which statement is false?
a. For a given phase-encode step (ky), digitized data from the early part of the echo is placed at the
far left side of k-space (negative kx values).
b. For a given phase-encode step (ky), digitized data from the early part of the echo is placed at the
far right side of k-space (positive kx values).
c. For a given phase-encode step (ky), digitized data from the peak of the echo is placed at the
the point (kx=0, ky=0).
d. For a given phase-encode step (ky), digitized data from the peak of the echo is placed at the the
point (kx=0, ky).
Option (c) is false, while option (d) is true. Link to Q&A discussion
3. Concerning the filling of k-space by a conventional 2DFT spin-echo pulse sequence with frequency
encoding along the x-axis and phase-encoding along the y-axis, which statement is false?
a. The central point of k-space (kx=0, ky=0) corresponds to the constant term in the Fourier
representation of the image.
b. Except for the central row (ky=0), each row of k-space is acquired with the same constant
value of the phase-encoding gradient.
c. The central row (ky=0) of k-space is acquired with no phase-encoding gradient.
d. The central column of k-space (kx=0) coincides with the peak of the MR echo for each phase-
encoding step.
Option (b) is false. In 2DFT spin-echo imaging, the phase encoding gradient is stepped in magnitude from
cycle to cycle, not held constant. The other statements are correct. Link to Q&A discussion
4. The row-by-row filling of k-space by a conventional 2DFT spin-echo pulse sequence is often referred
to as what trajectory?
a. Cartesian
b. Radial
c. Zig-Zag
d. Blipped
Traditionally the Cartesian (row-by-row) method was used nearly exclusively for all pulse sequences, but
today many different patterns are widely encountered. Link to Q&A discussion
5. Disadvantages of radial sampling methods include all of the following except
a. Sensitivity to motion artifacts.
b. Exclusion of the corners of k-space.
c. Need to run a calibration scan to estimate gradient delays and distortion.
d. Acquired data points not in format suitable for Fast Fourier Transformation.
In radial acquisition the center of k-space is oversampled and continuously updated due to the overlapping
"spokes" that repeatedly pass through this region. This redundancy can be exploited to detect and correct
for movement if the signal from the k-space center changes between views. Additionally, all radial spokes
make equal contributions to the image (unlike Cartesian sampling where just a few lines through the center
of k-space set overall image contrast and noise levels). So motion on just one or a few radial views is not
likely to severely degrade image quality. Link to Q&A discussion
6. The non-uniform raw data from a radial or spiral acquisition must be placed into a rectangular
(Cartesian) matrix format for efficient computations. This process is referred to as
a. Morphing
b. Gridding