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FEM Computation of Magnetic Field and Iron Loss in Laminated Iron Core Using
Homogenization Method

Article in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics · May 2007

DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2007.892429 · Source: IEEE Xplore

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Hiroyuki Kaimori Akihisa Kameari

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FEM Computation of Magnetic Field and Iron Loss in Laminated Iron Core
Using Homogenization Method
Hiroyuki Kaimori 1, Akihisa Kameari 1, Member, IEEE, and Koji Fujiwara 2
1
Science Solutions International Laboratory, Inc.
2-21-7, Naka-cho, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0065, Japan, E-mail: {kaimorih, kamearia}@ssil.co.jp
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Okayama University
3-1-1, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, E-mail: fujiwara@eplab.elec.okayama-u.ac.jp
Abstract— This paper presents a transient magnetic field
analysis in the laminated iron core by the Finite Element Method
(FEM) using a proposed homogenization method. Homogenized
constitutive relations in static magnetic field are assumed in the
transient calculation because of the low frequency of 50 Hz. The
analyzed magnetic field distribution and iron loss were fairly in
good agreement with the measurements.
I. INTRODUCTION
The magnetic field analysis and estimation of iron loss in
the laminated iron core is important for the electromagnetic
devices. It is considerably time-consuming and practically
impossible to model each sheet in the lamination. The
homogenization technique [1] seems to be one of the practical
solutions to analyze the laminated iron core. This paper deals
with the homogenized magnetic and electric constitutive
relations applicable to the analysis of nearly static magnetic
fields neglecting the effect of eddy currents looping in the
thickness direction of lamination. The formulation was applied
to analyses of a benchmark problem, where the skin depth is
enough larger than the thickness of each sheet composed of
the laminated iron core because of the low frequency. It was
verified that the proposed method was effective to analyze
both magnetic field and iron loss in the laminated iron core.
II. HOMOGENIZATION METHOD
The magnetic property of the iron sheet is assumed to be
completely isotropic and nonlinear. The magnetic reluctivity
of the iron sheet Q s (bs ) depends on the magnitude of the
magnetic flux density bs. The homogenized magnetic
reluctivities N || and N A in the parallel and perpendicular
directions to the laminated plane are given as,
1 D 1D
 , N A DQ s (bs )  1  D Q 0 , (1)
N || Q s (bs ) Q0
where Q 0 is the reluctivity of vacuum assigned to the
interlaminar gap between sheets and D is the space factor of
the lamination. bs is related to the homogenized magnetic flux
density B as,
2
­ N || ½ 2 2
bs® ¾ B||  BA . (2)
Q (b )
¯ s s ¿
The homogenized conductivities 6 || and 6 A are given as,
6 || DV s , 6 A 0, (3)
where V s is the conductivity of the iron sheet.
1-4244-0320-0/06/$20.00 ©2006 IEEE
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The Homogenized magnetic field is calculated transiently
by using the general FEM with the constitutive relations
shown in (1) and (3). bs changes nonlinearly against B.
Therefore, the equations (1) and (2) are solved by means of a
nonlinear iterative procedure such as the Newton-Raphson
method.
The iron loss is calculated after the field computation as,
2 2 2
W D K e f 2 bsm  K h fbsm  J || ¦ || , (4)
where bsm is the maximum magnitude of the flux density. f is
the frequency. Ke and Kh are the measured coefficients for the
eddy current loss and hysteresis loss, respectively. J|| is the
eddy current density parallel to the laminated plane.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The benchmark problem [2] shown in Fig. 1 was analyzed.
This problem is proposed at a committee for the technical
meeting established in the IEE of Japan. A C-shape core puts
on the Epstein core. Those cores have 60 iron sheets (JIS
grade: 50A350, thickness: 0.5mm) for the lamination in the y-
direction and z-direction, respectively. The space factor D is
set to be 0.985. The flux generated by the exciting coil
penetrates into the Epstein core. The calculated iron loss
distribution is illustrated in Fig. 1 and the comparison between
measured and calculated flux density distribution on reference
plane is shown in Fig. 2. From both results, it can be
concluded that the proposed method is fairly effective.
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䎕䎑䎓 㪺㪸㫃㪺㫌㫃㪸㫋㪼㪻
䎩䏏䏘䏛䎃䏇䏈䏑䏖䏌䏗䏜䎃䎾䎷䏀
䎔䎑䎓
䎓䎑䎓
䎐䎔䎑䎓
䎐䎕䎑䎓
䎕䎓 䎖䎓 䎗䎓
䎷䏌䏐䏈䎃䎾䏐䏖䏀
Fig. 1. Benchmark model for iron Fig. 2. Comparison between measured
loss calculation of laminated core. and calculated flux density.
IV. REFERENCES
[1] P-S. Shin and J. Lee, “Magnetic Field Analysis of Amorphous Core
Transformer Using Homogenization Technique,” IEEE Trans. Magn.,
vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 1808-1811 (1977).
[2] K. Yamazaki, et al., “Basic Study on Methods for Analyses of Eddy
Currents Caused by Normal Flux in Laminated Core -Comparison
between Experimental and Calculated Results-,” The 2005 Annual
Meeting Record of IEE Japan, pp. 320-321 (2005) (in Japanese).
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