GRADE 12

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - 843

 LEARNING OBJECTIVE
• Student will be able to learn about
• Data Storytelling.
 ETHICS OF STORYTELLING
• Data is one of the most powerful tools and we have seen how it can
support the process of storytelling in creative ways.
• Data Ethics is one of the most talked about issues in data storytelling.
• Need to manage Privacy concerns, handle bias and takle
misinterpretation.
• Ethical storytelling is a movement where organizations can handle
ethical questions involved in storytelling and provide resources and
support for answering the questions.
 ETHICS OF STORYTELLING
• An ethical storytelling approach raises questions like:
• Do we have the person’s content to tell their story, for this purpose and in the
medium?
• Who is the key protagonist of the story- the person or our organization?
• Whose needs are at the centre of how the story is presented, the person
whose story it is or the audience?
• What will happen to the person after we tell their story in this way? Could it
cause them ham?
• Do we telling the story in a way that reinforces any stereotypes about social
issues or the people who are affected by it?
 IMPORTANCE OF ETHICAL STORYTELLING

• Data story is cognizant of the reliability of data sources and

impacts the lives of people involved.
• How to embrace Ethical storytelling?
• Actively combat confirmation bias
• Choosing the right way to display your data
• Provide appropriate content
 HOW TO EMBRACE ETHICAL STORYTELLING

• The first step is to think about the consent process for

any content.
• The process of obtaining consent includes an
explanation of how and where the person’s story will
be told.
 ACTIVELY COMBAT CONFIRMATION BIAS

• Confirmation is the tendency to favour information that

agrees with what you already believe.
• To avoid confirmation bias you can:
• Learn more about how our brain sorts and stores information and how bias
can affect our decision-making
• Work with your peers to challenge your biases.
 CHOOSING THE RIGHT WAY TO DISPLAY YOUR DATA

• Using data to tell the story depends on how we visualize our

data.
• There are various ways to represent data. It is important to
keep in mind the context and scale as well.
• The 3D visuals impact the perception and it can affect the
way we look data.
 PROVIDE APPROPRIATE CONTENT
• It is important to add some context to the graph to make it
more understandable.
 STEPS OF DATA MODELLING TO GENERATE DATA STORIES

1. Problem statement
2. Hypothesis generation
3. Reading and understanding
4. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
 Univariate Analysis
 Bivariate Analysis
5. Feature Engineering
6. Modelling and Evaluation
 STEPS OF DATA MODELLING TO GENERATE DATA STORIES

1.Problem statement -
3 basic questions
1. What is the problem?
2. Why does the problem need to be solved?
3. How can we solve the problem?
These questions will help us to understand and validate the data collected.
 STEPS OF DATA MODELLING TO GENERATE DATA STORIES

1. Hypothesis generation
• After problem statement, need to list on which
factors the target variable depends.
• Can do this using our experience and brainstorming
with key stakeholders.
 STEPS OF DATA MODELLING TO GENERATE DATA STORIES

3. Reading and understanding

• Analyze the central tendencies and measures of dispersion
of your data.
• Assess what are continuous features, categorical features,
data types, etc. involved in the project.
 STEPS OF DATA MODELLING TO GENERATE DATA STORIES

1. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

There are two types of visualization analysis.
 Univariate Analysis
 Bivariate Analysis
 EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS (EDA)

 Univariate Analysis 
 It comprises visualization of features one at
a time.
Used to know how our continuous features
are distributed.
Histogram plots and box plots are used in
the case of continuous features
Count plots are used in the case of
categorical data.
 EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS (EDA)
 Bivariate Analysis
 examine the trends of each feature with
the target variable.
Applying on pairs of different features,
trends, and patterns
For continuous-continuous features –
Scatter plots, line-plots etc.
For continuous-categorical – bar plots, box
plots etc.
For categorical-categorical – stacked bar
plots, cross-table methods.
 FEATURE ENGINEERING
• Consists of two activities – Feature generation and Encoding

• Feature generation  Process in which new feature

generated from the existing features.
• Most of the machine learning algorithms cannot read
categorical values like Male, Female etc. We use encoding
methods to convert them into numerical values ie. Label
encoding.
 MODELLING AND EVALUATION
• Includes selection of a Machine Learning algorithm and the
fitting of our training data to it.
• Various models are:
• Linear algorithms – Eg. Linear and Logistic regression
• Nonlinear algorithms – Eg. Classification and Regression
Trees
• Ensemble algorithms – Eg. Random Forest algorithm
 PLENARY

• What are the steps of data modelling to generate

data stories?
• What do you mean by ethical storytelling?