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UPDATED OVERVIEW ON GODANTI BHASMA (AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION

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UNIQUE JOURNAL OF AYURVEDIC AND HERBAL MEDICINES

Available online: www.ujconline.net
Research Article

UPDATED OVERVIEW ON GODANTI BHASMA

(AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION OF GYPSUM)
Sharma Arun1, Mitra Shuchi2, Sharma KC3, Yadav Yadevendra4*
1
P G Scholar, P.G. Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya kalpana, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, India
2
Associate Professor, P.G. Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya kalpana, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, India
3
Professor and Head, P.G. Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya kalpana, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, India
4
Assistant Professor, P.G. Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya kalpana, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, India

Received 30-06-2019; Revised 28-07-2019; Accepted 26-08-2019

*Corresponding Author: Dr. Yadevendra YAdav
Assistant Professor, P.G. Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya kalpana, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, India
Email: yadevendra.ayu@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Godanti Bhasma is a very versatile Ayurvedic preparation, which became very popular due to its easy availability, cheaper cost of
preparation and multiple indications. It is indicated in diseases like pain, fever, gastritis, calcium deficiency, burning sensation, cough,
etc. It is globally popular as Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate), which is soft, white and crystalline mineral, having colour variation
due to the presence of the other elements. Few texts like Rasa Tarangini, Rasamritum, Siddha Bhasajya Sangraha and Rasadarpan
listed it as Rasa Dravya. During its Bhasma preparation about ¼th of the initial material is lost. The recent experimental finding
suggests it as a very promising formulation for Peptic Ulcer Disease, Pyrexia of unknown origin and also very safe in a dose-
dependent manner. Godanti Bhasma also used as a Carrier for many drugs.
Keywords: Godanti, Bhasma, Sudha, Gajputa, SEM-EDAX, XRD.

INTRODUCTION (Headache), JirnaJwar (Chronic Fever), Pradar (Leucorrhea),

Rasashastra (Itrachemistry), a pharmaceutical subsidiary of
Ayurveda which mainly deals with the various aspects of
metals, animal origin products, gems, minerals and toxic herbs
such as their characteristics, medicinal uses and also their
conversion into unique formulations, which helps in
contending acute conditions or serious diseases. In Rasa
Shastra Calcium containing compounds are included in
SudhaVarga, which includes both Khanijadravyas (mineral
drugs) like Godanti, Khatika, etc. and Pranija Dravyas
(products obtained from the animals) like Kukkutandatwak,
Sankha, shukti, Pravala, Kaparda, etc. In Samhita period
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta (oldest classical texts of
Ayurveda) include all metals and minerals in Parthiva Dravya
(Obtains from earth crust).Rasamritam has included these
drugs under “Sudha Viganeeyum” based on its chemical
composition1. Among all these Sudha Varg Dravyas Godanti
is a quite known remedial Rasadravya and it is used in the
form of Bhasma (incinerated formulation). It is a very soft
sulfate mineral with the chemical formula CaSO4.2H2O. First
time Acharya Sada Nand Sharma illuminated its medicinal
importance. According to Ayurveda, Godanti Bhasma is
propitious for PittajJwar (High-grade Fever), Sirahshool
Unique Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicines, 07 (04), July-August 2019
Kaas (Non-productive Cough) and Rakta-pitta (Bleeding
disorders). Physicians also practice it for high blood pressure,
headache due to hypertension, insomnia, restless leg
syndrome, indigestion, low bone mineral density, osteoporosis
and asthma.
1 Origin and occurrence:
Godanti occurs as evaporates; extensive sedimentary deposits
interbedded with limestone, red shales and clay stones etc.
and It occurs generally in pure mineral form. In India,
significant occurrences of Godanti is at Nellore, Prakasam and
Guntur in Andhra Pradesh and Bikaner, Barmer, Jaisalmer,
Nagaur, Ganganagar and Pali in Rajasthan. Major production
of Godanti comes from two states only. Some other states like
Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu also shows its occurrence2.
2 Historical aspects:
Preliminary description of Godanti was stated in Ras
Tarangini during 20th century by Sadanand Sharma. He
considered Godanti as one among the Sudha Vargadravyas.
He was also the first one who described its adequate
characteristics and gives its Shodhana3, Marana4processes and
Bhasma pariksha5 (Quality check parameters) Such as
19
 Yadav et.al, UJAHM 2019, 07 (04): Page 19-26

Varitar3, Rekhapoorn3 etc. Later on Siddha Bhesaja Sangraha, Table 4: Physical Properties of Godanti2
Rasamrita and Rasadarpana also described it. Where as in Crystalline showing elongated
1. Nature
Dhanvantri Nighantu Godantiis referred to as paryaya of tabular crystals
Haratala6. 2. Colour Greyish white
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral. The word gypsum is derived 3. Streak White
from the Greek word “gypsos”, (plaster). Gypsum was known
4. Cleavage Perfect
in Old English as "spear stone", referring to its crystalline
projections. Gypsum is a common mineral, with thick and 5. Fracture Even
extensive evaporite beds in association with sedimentary 6. Luster Silky
rocks. Deposits are known to occur in strata from as far back 7. Tenacity Sectile
as the Archaeaneon. Pure gypsum is white, but other 8. Transparency Translucent
substances found as impurities may give a wide range of 9. Hardness 2
colors to local deposits. In the 19th century, it was also known 10. Specific Gravity 2 to 2.5
as lime sulfate or sulfate of lime. It is widely mined and is
used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms Varga Sudha Varga4
of plaster, blackboard/sidewalk chalk, and drywall.A new Godantika, Godant, Godanta, Shweta3
study has suggested that the formation of gypsum starts as tiny Sanskrita :Godanta, English –
crystals of a mineral called bassanite (CaSO4·½H2O). Selenite, Gypsum, Gujarati –
Synthetic gypsum is recovered via flue-gas desulfurization at Godanti, Ghāpa´a, Chirodī , Hindi –
Synonyms
some coal-fired power plants7. Godanti, Marathi – Godanti, Śiragola,
3 Variety: A massive fine-grained white or lightly tinted Tamil – Karpura Chilajattu (S.F.I.),
variety of gypsum, called alabaster, has been used for Telugu – Hara sothamu, Urdu –
sculpture. Gypsum also crystallizes as translucent crystals of Godanti (N.F.U.M.)
selenite. It also forms as an evaporate mineral and as a Varna4 Shwet
hydration product of anhydrite. Patraachitam (present in the scaly or
Gypsum occurs in nature as flattened and often twinned layered pattern)
crystals and transparent, cleavable masses called selenite. Sumrisann (smooth on touch)
Selenite contains no significant selenium; rather, both Grahya Sharadindusunirmalam (It should
substances were named for the ancient Greek word for the Swaroop4 have the pure and shining
Moon. Selenite may also occur in a silky, fibrous form. representation just like a moon of
Finally, it may also be granular or quite compact. In hand- SharadRitu)
sized samples, it can be anywhere from transparent to opaque7. Deeptaprabham (lustrous)
1. Kanarupa Godanta,
Table 1: Physical similarity between Godanti and Gypsum 2. Talakrit Godanta,
Varieties 6
Sr. 3. PindkritGodanta.
Godanti Gypsum
No. 4. KousheyKritGodanta.
1 Godanti Granular. Lavan Rasa(salty in taste), Madhur
Composed of several layers due to Guna8 Vipaki, Sheet veerya (Cold in
2 Patrachitum Potency)
monoclinic & prismatic crystal system
3 Sumrrisanum Pearly and silky texture Pitta Jwar Nashak (High grade
Transparent and opaqueness present in fever), Jeerna Jwarhar (Relapsing
4 Sharadindu fever), Balya (Tonic), Deepana
same piece give moon like appearance
5 Nirmal Pearly white color and transparent (Appetizer), Swas Kaas Nashak
Table 2: Varieties of Gypsum with their distinguishing Vyadhi (Reliving dyspnea & Cough),Sir
features Prabhaav Shool (Headache), Kshaya (Anti-
Sr. No. Varieties Features obesity), Paandu (Anemia), Urah
Kshat (Consumption), Baal Shosh
1 Satin Spar Pearly, Fibrous Masses (infatile Cachexia), and Shwet Pradar
2 Selenite Transparent and Bladed Crystals (leucorrhoea).
3 Alabester Fine-grained, Slightly Colored Rasa Taringini, it is within 1 to 3
Table 3: Different parameters of Crystal system of Ratti (125 mg-375 mg)3.
Gypsum Rasa Tantrasara, it is within 2 to 8
Dose
Sr. No. Parameters Form Ratti (250 mg-1 gm)9.
1 Crystal System Monoclinic Rasa Darpana, it is within ½ to 1
2 Crystal Class Prismatic Masha (375 mg-750 mg)7.
3 Space Group Monoclinic Madhu, Goghrita, Godugdha, Mishri
Massive Flat, elongated & Anupaan or as per the requirement of disease10
4 Crystal Habit or with Sudarshanachurna Kwatha9.
generally prismatic crystals

Unique Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicines, 07 (04), July-August 2019 20

 Yadav et.al, UJAHM 2019, 07 (04): Page 19
5 Controversy about Godanti9:
Some Scholars alleged that the Godanti is one of a variety of
Haratala i.e., Godanti Haratala. As Talakrita Godanti is having
thin layers in the stony structure which looks like Haratala,
Godanti is of Pashanajati but it will not match to the Haratala.
On the basis of chemical composition, it is confirmed that it is
nothing but the combination of Calcium and Sulphur. No
arsenic compound is detected in trace quantity in it. The
disagreement occurs only due to its Patra (scaly) or
pind(massive) form or appearance.
6 Classical methods of Godanti Bhasmikaran
(Incineration): The preparation method of Godanti Bhasma
subdivided into following two measures.
6.1 Raw Godanti Shodhan (Purification of Gypsum)
6.2 Shodhit Godanti Maran (Incineration of Gypsum)
Steps
a. Grinding and pulverizing to make a fine powder of gypsum
b. Triturating
rating the fine gypsum powder with Aloe Vera juice.
c. Making small and thin cakes (Chakrikas).
d. Heating the thin cakes in sealed earthen pots under the high
temperature for calcining
Figure 1: Godanti after Shodhan and after Puta
7 Godanti Shodhana:
Shodhan being one of the fundamental procedures is used for
almost all Dravyas prior to their medicinal use. Here in case of
Godanti purification various opinions of Acharyas are
summarizes below.
7.1 In Rastarangini3
Acharya Sadanand Sharma stated two different nt procedures for
Godanti shodhan based on the methods used for shodhan.
Small pieces of Godanti were wrapped into
Procedure-1Small
muslin cloth and hanged into a metallic vessel/ earthen pot
named as Dolayantra containing Nimbu Swarasa (lemon juice)
with the helplp of iron/wood rod. Then it is subjected to
Swedana process (boiled) for one and half hour and after that
put off from the heating device for swangsheetikaran (self (self-
cooling). Pieces were separated from cloth, washed properly
with the help of water and allowed
owed to air dry completely.
Procedure-2 Godanti Shodhana is proffered by Swinn Vidhi
(steam treatment process) in Nimbu Swarasa or in
Dronapushpi Swarasa for one and the half hour.
7.2 Siddha Bhisajya Sangraha11
Shodhana by discharging sand and mud rags which are resided
in between the Patras with the help of a knife. Then
Prakshalana with Ushna Jala ensued by Swinn in Nimbu
Swarasa for one and the half hour on Mandagni (Low flame).
Once again Prakshalana (rinsing) with Usna Jala (Hot water)
and make it dry.
Unique Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicines, 07 (04), July
19-26
7.3 Rasamrita1
Godanti Shodhana is done by Prakshalana with Usna Jala
only.
7.4 Rasadarpana8
Prakashalana in Usna Jala or dipped it in Nimbu Swarasa or
Amla, Takra or Jala for 24 hrs, and then wash it (Prakshalana)
with Jala.48
sodhan 12
8 Amladravya (sour group) for sodhana
One of the purification methods of all Sudha Vargadravyas in
common is by the Amla Varga Dravyas. The Sudha Varga
Dravyas are all calcium compounds that may contain only
physical impurities and have alkaline nature. The Amla
Dravyas are acidic in nature and hence removes the excessive
alkalinity from these calcium compounds, thus making the
drug smoother and in the assimilable form.
9. Godanti Marana:
9.1 Rasa Tarangini3Small lumps/pieces of Shuddha Godanti
were kept inside two Sharavas (earthen plates) and properly
sealed with the help of mud smeared muslin cloth. These
plates were then kept in the sunlight until coats get dry and
then subject them to Puta (Gajaputa). A Shweta Varna
Bhasma of Godanti will be obtained which looks as beautiful
as the moon.
9.2 Siddha BhaisjyaSamgraha11
Apply Arka Patra paste on a cotton cloth and spread Godanti
on it. Cover with the same Muslin cloth pasted with Arka
Patra paste and prepare Potali (bag) in such a way that Godanti
should not overlie each other. Instead of o Arka Patra, Ghrita
Kumari pulp can also be used, prepare Samputi karana and
give Gajaputa treatment. Bhavana with Grita Kumari Swarasa
increase its vigor.
9.3 Rasamrita1:
Triturate Godanti powder with Kumari Swarasa (Aloe vera
pulp) or Nimbapatra Swarasa (Juice
(Ju of Indian lilac) for one
day, make Chakrika (pellets) and placed in Gajaputa
(Incineration Chamber). Shweta Varna Bhasma will be
collected.
9.4 Rasadarpana
Shuddha Godanti cached in between two Lohapatra and put it
over 500 Vanopala (Dung briquette). Overlay
Over it with another
500 Vanopalas and subject it to Gajaputa for fire. Collect
Godanti Bhasma cautiously and triturated it with Ghrita
Kumari Swarasa, make Chakrikas and place in Sharava and do
Samputi karana (sealing in earthen pot) of it. Give 3 to 4
Gajaputa
aputa to get Shweta Varna Bhasma. Instead of Ghrita
Kumari Swarasa, Nimbapatra Swarasa can be used. If it will
ripen with Arka Patra or Dhatura Patra it will more
propitious8.
Some Ayurvedic physicians also use lemon (Citrus( medica)
juice, Ark patra(leaves of calotropis procera) and Neem
(Azadirachta indica)) leaves instead of Aloe Vera juice.
Godanti Bhasma prepared with the juice of Neem leaves is
known as Neem Godanti. It is beneficial in Sanipataja Jwara (̴
typhoid fever) and chronic fevers
10. Puta (Gajputa)
Mainly Gaja Puta has been described for Marana of Godanti.
The medicines which are prepared from Gaja Puta are said to
be the Mahagunavidhayaka13 (best ones in property).Gaja
property) Puta
is commonly used in the preparation of almost all al the
July-August
August 2019 21
 Yadav et.al, UJAHM 2019, 07 (04): Page 19-26

Bhasmas. The measurement of Gaja Puta pit as per the study percentage loss of Godanti during shodhana and
classical reference of “Rasa Ratna Samuchhaya” is one Percentage loss during Bhasmikaran was 2.4 % (Avg) and
Rajahasta Pramana/30 Angula (= 57 cm) in one dimension13.A 25.0% (Avg) respectively. Similar data was also presented by
crucible, containing Godanti, is to be placed upon the heap of Rajini et al (2015)21.
cow dung cakes. Half the number of the cakes required for 11.2 Analytical studies:
filling up the pit, are now to be placed upon the heap, which is Organolepic Evaluation of Godanti Bhasma after Marana
next to be set fire to. Burning Godanti in this way is called, converted into creamish-white, smooth tasteless powder
burning by “Gajaputa. 40kg ± 2 Dung is required up to level without odor complies the Bhasma Pariksha (Ayurvedic
filling, while 43 kg ± 2 is enough for Shikarakar filling of evaluation method of Bhasma) like Varna, Rekhapurnata and
pit14. slakshnatvum etc.
Table: 6 Different indication and vehicle media of
Godanti Bhasma Table 7: Characteristics of Godanti Bhasma by Ayurvedic
Name Indication Anupan Dose Parameters
Kaalagni-bhairav Sr. No. Parameter GodantiBhasma
Jwar Narikel Jal 250 mg
Rasa15 1 Color Creamish white
Jala,
Godanti Mishran16 Jwar 1gm 2 Odor Odorless
Lajamandh
Trilokya-chintamani
3 Touch Smooth
Jwar Narikel Jal 60 mg 4 Taste Tasteless
Rasa15
Baal-panchbhadra Madhu, 250mg- 5 Appearance Lustureless white powder
Baalrog
Rasa17 Godugdh 500mg
Muktadi Vati17 Baalrog
Godugdh/
125 mg
11.3 Physico-Chemical Parameters of Godanti Bhasma:
Breast Milk
Shankh-dravak Rasa15 UdarRog Jal 1-5 drops Table 8: Various physico-chemical Analysis of Godati
Santapnashak 1Masha Bhasma.
Jwar Honey
Mishran9 (1gm) Values20 Values21
Sr. No. Tests
1Masha
Nirvedan Churna9 Jwar Ushnjal 1. pH Value 9.90 9
(1gm)
Navgrah Ras 9
Rasayan Navneet 1 Rice 2. Loss on drying 0.07 % 0.14 %
125mg- 3. Total Ash 99.8 % 99.87 %
Sudha Shatak Yog9 Balrog Milk 4. Acid insoluble ash 0.90 % 0.42 %
500mg
Kukkurkaashar Kukkur 125 mg- Water soluble
Honey 5. 14.90 % 31.082 %
Mishran9 Kaas 250mg extractive (%w/w)
Chitrakmool Alcohol soluble
Praval garbh pottali18 Baalrog 375 mg 6. 5.90 % ------
Aadrakswara extractive (%w/w)
1
Kasis + Godanti (1:7) Pandu Milk ½ to 1 gm
Pathyadi
Migrain
Kashaya
Quantitative detection of Bhasma contains 28.69 % (w/w)
Godanti Bhasma19,8 Calcium. Bhasma Contain Ca++, SO4-- & Cl- ionis present. CO3-
Sudarshan
Jwar ion is absent.
kwath
11.3.1 pH Value
11 Recent studies on Godanti Bhasama for Pharmaceutics, The alkaline pH of the formulation favors dissolution under
Characterization, Pharmacological and toxicological gastric conditions.
action 11.3.2 Loss on drying
1 Pharmaceutical studies: The value show that in spite of formulation is mineral
11.1 Rohit Takkar et al (2017)20 show that very minute compound in nature it is hygroscopic. So value may vary upon
differences were observed in the physico-chemical parameter the condition of storage condition.
of Bhasma prepared by classical method and contemporary 11.3.3 Total Ash:
method. The changes obtained by using different Agni- It determines the quantity of non-volatile inorganic material
Sanskar (Quantum of Thermal Energy) were not shows present in the drug.
significant variation in end desired property Godanti Bhasma. 11.3.4 Acid insoluble ash:
The contemporary method is techniquo-economical and Acid insoluble ash is designed to measure the amount of ash
environment friendly while classical method is undoubtedly insoluble in diluted hydrochloric acid.
very suitable processing model for rural areas. Only anomaly 11.3.5 Water soluble extractive (%w/w):
was found that weight loss after 1stputa (Thermal treatment) is The determination of extractable matter refers to the amount
maximum in classical method. While 2ndputa change this trend of constituents in a given amount of medicinal plants material
that the maximum weight loss was found in muffle furnace extracted with solvents.
method. Mean weight loss after the 2ndputa was observed in all 11.3.6 Evalution of Flow Ability of Bhasma: A group of
methods nearly to same. Moreover, in this study inspite of analytical methods are required for characterization of powder
taking doing Marana in regular earthen pot, iron vessel is used rheometer. Limits of these Powder flow measurement are
and this method quite similar result to classical method. In his shown in table No 9.
Unique Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicines, 07 (04), July-August 2019 22
 Yadav et.al, UJAHM 2019, 07 (04): Page 19
19-26

Table 9: Measurements attributes of Powder rheometer20.

Sr.
Analytical Method Measurement LimiLimit
No.
1 Bulk Density 0.5 – 0.6
2 Tapped Density 09 – 1.25
3 Compressibility Index 0.4 – 0.6
4 Hausner Ratio 1.16 – 1.17
5 Angle of Response 31.4 – 32
12 Elemental determinations by EDAX analysis22:
Figure 2:: XRD graph of Raw Godanti
Elemental analysis shows qualitative & quantitative
percentage of several other elements Raw Godanti powder
(Initial substance) & Godanti Bhasma (Final formulation) in
trace amount. These elements are as Mg, Si, and Sb. But, Ca
and S are found in majority. Elemental analysis of Godanti
Bhasma showed the increase
rease level of Calcium and Sulphur as
compared to Raw Godanti. This is not in actually the increase
of Ca. While, this was consequence of Shodhan and Marana
Process, which removed the water in the form of Hydrate and
other elements in the form of oxide23.
Table 10: Weight Percentage Raw Godanti and Godanti Figure 3:: XRD Graph of Godanti Bhasma
Bhasma by EDAX analysis
Sr. Tables 11:: Crystal parameter of Gondati Bhasma
Elements Raw Godanti Godanti Bhasma
No Samples
D Spacing Lattice Calcium Calcium
1. Ca 23.31 % 11.95 % Values Parameter Sulphate Sulphide
2. S 18.50 % 11.86 % Raw 7.60, 4.28, Monoclinic
Rhombohedral ------------
3. 0 3.0 % 70.41 % Godanti 3.79, 2.68 and prismatic.
4. C 3.38 % 5.78 % Godanti 3.49, 2.85,
Orthorombhic Orthorhombic Cubic
Bhasma 2.32, 2.20
13 Phase identification by X-Ray Ray Diffraction analysis24: D
value in XRD Analysis implies to the presence of Calcium in
14 Surface morphology by SEM and TEM25:
two stationary phases like, CaSO4 and CaS. This value is in
Scanning electron microscope is a very useful tool for
range between 3.4973 for Calcium Sulphate and 2.32861211
studying morphology of Nano- particles, Calcium sulphate
for Calcium sulphide. X.R.D analysis of Godanti Bhasma
and calcium sulphide possess different crystal growth patterns
shows, anhydrite CaSO4 (Orthorhombic) as major phase and
and structure23.
CaS (Cubic) as minor phase23.

Figure 4: Microphotograph (TEM) of Raw Godanti & Godanti Bhasma

Figure 5: Microphotograph (SEM) of Raw Godanti.

Unique Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicines, 07 (04), July
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 Yadav et.al, UJAHM 2019, 07 (04): Page 19
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Figure 6: Microphotograph (SEM) of Godanti Bhasma

Table 12: Morphological Analysis of Godanti and its and Dienone. Such compounds undergo variable changes in
Bhasma by SEM their color when fluid of different pH is applied to them.
Calcium When the supernatant fluids of different calcium Bhasmas
Samples Particle size Calcium
alcium sulphate were applied on the Haridra test paper,
pape it was noticed a change
sulphide
Mixed Shapes of rod of color of Haridra test paper in respect to pH of the
Raw 2-6 Bhasmasolution21.
and rhombohederal -----------
Godanti Micrometer Observation of NSPT is presented in table no 14.
with irregular geometry
Godanti 14-33 Mixed Shapes of rod Table 14 : Observation of all 3 phases of Bhasma
Cubical
Bhasma nanometers and rhombohederal Phase I Phase II Phase III
A think pink circle Starts fading ways The entire circle
Results of SEM study showed that particle(s) size in raw formed on a wide rapidly faded away within
Godanti was 2-66 micrometers and Godanti Bhasma particles wet spot 24 hours
were found in the range of 14-33 33 nanometers respectively. So, 17 Metabolism and absorption of Calcium containing
we can say that there was great reduction in the size of Bhasmas12:
particles after 3 successive Gajaputa. Morphologically, The calcium in cereals and green leafy vegetables are less
particles were in cubical and orthorhombic in shape. Further, utilized due to the presence of oxalates and phytates present in
the TEM results confirmed the morphology and formation of them respectively. Calcium compounds are alkaline in nature.
Nano-sized particles in the Godanti Bhasma.. Very minute The natural calcium preparations like Bhasmas are more
difference seen in the particle size in these two study which is effective than synthetic calcium due to the reason that, they
due to TEM has a higher resolution than SEM by a factor of contain easily absorbable and assimilable form of oxide and an
10 or more. they also contain other trace elements such as magnesium,
Table 13: Morphological Analysis of Godanti and its copper, zinc etc. Irrespective of the gastrointestinal condition
Bhasma by TEM they do exhibit their efficacy unlike synthetic molecules which
Particle Calcium cannot be absorbed in unhealthy gut conditions such as
Samples Calcium sulphate indigestion, chronic gut motility disorders and hormonal
size sulphide
mixed, rod and imbalances. The additional advantage of Bhasmas of
Raw 1.5-2.5 sudhavarga Dravyas is that they exhibit other therapeutic
rhombohederal with --------------
Godanti micrometer actions such as correcting indigestion and properties like
irregular geometry
Godanti mixed, rod and antacid, ulcer healing and antispasmodic properties
pr which
9.31nm Cubical cannot be expected with synthetic molecules.The absorbability
Bhasma rhombohederal
of calcium compound Bhasmas which are in oxide form may
15 FTIR26: Major peaks were found at 111.8, 1122.8 & be explained as below,
1116.1 which are in same range that confirm the presence of CaCO3(S) CaO(S) + CO2 (G)
calcium sulphatebut the liquid mediums used were not Anupan water/honey
differentiated by the infra-red spectroscopy.
16 Nambure Phased Spot Test (N.P.S.T.)27: CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
It is simple test, which helps to distinguish different calcium Gastric juices
containing Bhasmas without use of any sophisticated
technological equipment. In this test 50% alcoholic solution of
Haridra (Turmeric), was absorbed on with supernatant fluid of Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + 2H2O
different Bhasmas, develop different colored spots and the (CaCl
CaCl2 is absorbable form)
spot
pot also differ in their fading time. It may be explained on the Exceeding the recommended daily calcium intake for an
basis of chemical constituent presents in Haridra itself and extended period of time can result in hypercalcemia and
affinity of these constituents towards the supernatant fluid of calcium metabolism disorder. Godanti Bhasma was evaluated
calcium compound (s). Haridra solution contains some for its toxicity, antiulcer and antipyretic activity in
Phenolic constituents
tituents and several Sesquiterpenes with Enone experimental animals.

Unique Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicines, 07 (04), July

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 Yadav et.al, UJAHM 2019, 07 (04): Page 19-26
18 Acute toxicity studies28: The LD50 of Bhasma as per
OECD guideline falls under class IV does no signs of acute
toxicity up to a maximum dose of 2000 µg/kg. There were no
changes observed in normal behavioral pattern and no signs
and symptoms of toxicity and mortality were detected. Acute
oral administration of Godanti Bhasma showed no mortality in
mice in the period of 14 days.
19 Antiulcer studies28: The experimental paradigms used for
antiulcer activity were cold restraint stress induces ulcer
model29 and diclofenac induced ulcer model30 in rat. Godanti
Bhasma at the doses of 250 and 500 µg/kg produced
significant (p < 0.001) reduction in ulcer index as compared to
control. It is interesting to note that Godanti Bhasma at 500
µg/kg dose shows comparable activity to 250 µg/kg dose as
difference was not significant at p > 0.05. The activity was
less than that of ranitidine. The biochemical estimation
showed reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
(TBARS)31,32 content of stomach tissue in Godanti Bhasma
treated group: No significant difference was noted in serum
calcium activity between the groups.
20 Antipyretic studies33: Yeast induced pyrexia model in rat34
was used for antipyretic activity. The subcutaneous injection
of yeast suspension markedly elevated the rectal temperature.
Treatment with Bhasma at the dose of 250 and 500 µg/kg
body weightdecreased the rectal temperature of the rats but not
in a dose dependent manner. The antipyretic effect started
from first hour was maintained for 4 hrs after administration
of the Bhasma.
The result obtained from both the standard and Bhasma treated
rats were compared with the control group and a significant
reduction (p > 0.001) in the yeast induced hyper pyrexia was
observed. It is interesting to note that Godanti Bhasma at 500
µg/kg dose shows comparable activity to 250 µg/kg dose as
difference was not significant at p > 0.05.
Godanti Mishran also work as antipyretic medicine at dose of
90 mg/kg in rat. But result is relative slightly lower than the
standard drug (Paracetamol, 50 mg/Kg) for experiment.
21 Antimicrobial study33Gondanti Bhasma itself has hardly
shows antimicrobial activity against any potential pathogenic
bacteria. But if is use with some other Rasa Dravya like Hartal
(As3O2) it show. In vitro antimicrobial study of Hartal-Godanti
Bhasma reveals in concentration of 250 mg/ ml is effectively
works against gram positive bacteria.
Summarized study is shown in table 15.
Table 15: Antimicrobial study of Hartal-Godanti
Sr. 250 150 100
Bacterium Strain
No. mg/ml mg/ml mg/ml
Streptococcus
1 100 % 0% 0%
pneumoniae
2 Staphylococcus aureus 50 % 0% 0%
3 Klebsiella pneumoniae 50 % 0% 0%
Pseudomonas
4 25 % 0% 0%
aeruginosa
Similarly, Godanti Mishran showed significant potent
antimicrobial effect against Styphylococcus aureus in different
concentration, 1000 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml and 125
µg/ml. In case of E. Colihigh concentration is required i.e,
1000 µg/ml & 500 µg/ml.
Unique Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicines, 07 (04), July-August 2019
CONCLUSION
Godanti is included in the Rasa Shastra in modern era.
Therefore, it is only use for Dehavada not for Dhattuvada.
Nimbu and Dronpushi (Leucas cephalotes) Swarasa (Juice) is
used as media for Shodhana of Godanti. Either Neem swarasa
or Grahitakumari Swaras is used as treatment media for
Marana. Whole processing gets only 25 % loss in actual initial
weight. It can be easily made by traditional puta method or by
contemporary method by electric furnace. Mild alkaline nature
Bhasma is good for faster absorption in mammalian body. It
has no antibiotic like action but prove role in ulcer healing and
antipyretic agents.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very thankful to Dr. Usha Sharma and Dr. Sushma Rawat
for providing valuable suggestion and helping in preparation
of this manuscript.
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