MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPER

Dhruv Ravare Piyusha Mhatre Hussain Alam Abdullah Sayed Ms. Vaishnavi Patil
Student of Mechanical Student of Mechanical Student of Mechanical Student of Mechanical Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering
Pravin Patil Polytechnic Pravin Patil Polytechnic Pravin Patil Polytechnic Pravin Patil Polytechnic, Pravin Patil Polytechnic
Bhayandar, India Bhayandar, India Bhayandar, India Bhayandar, India Bhayandar, India
dravare20@gmail.com piyushamhatre09@gm hussainalam078622@gm sayedabdullah3005@gm patilvaishnavi612@gmail.c
ail.com ail.com ail.com om
Abstract— Improving the nation's urban parking and
mobility conditions is necessary due to the nation's growing
need for individual mobility, rising vehicle dimensions, and
an increase in the number of vehicles. Implementing
innovative vehicle and transportation concepts, which
concentrate on creating novel vehicle designs and enhancing
traditional passenger automobiles, is one method to tackle
this difficulty. New chassis, propulsion, and suspension
technologies, along with alternative vehicle designs, can
meet critical customer criteria and specialized mobility
needs all at once. A vehicle design with variable wheelbase
mechanisms for personal, commercial, and emergency
response vehicles is provided, and current frame concepts
with variable wheelbase technologies are examined. Such
vehicle and suspension concept development puts standard
procedures to the test and necessitates the collaboration of
multiple disciplines For instance, propulsion system layout,
vehicle ergonomics and comfort, kinematics simulation,
driving dynamics, and driving stability studies. The adaptive
frame mechanism for the length modification is introduced
and studied in this context.In addition, a thorough analysis
and illustration of the concept is provided, along with the
benefits it offers to customers.
Keywords-Magnetorheologicalfluid,Magnetorheological
damper, Coil winding, Magnetizable,MR.
I. INTRODUCTION
Materials that exhibit a sharp shift in rheological behavior in
response to an applied magnetic field are known as
magnetorheological (MR) fluids. When there is no magnetic
field, an MR fluid flows freely as a liquid, but when there is
one, it can exhibit solid-like properties and its viscosity can
increase by more than two orders of magnitude in
milliseconds. Shear yield stress is a useful measure of an
MR fluid's strength. Furthermore, the MR fluid can return to
a free-flowing state upon the removal of the magnetic field
because the viscosity change is both continuous and
reversible. These properties of MR fluids allow MR fluid
devices to operate as quiet, straightforward interfaces
between mechanical systems and electrical controls.
Therefore, MR fluids and their applications have piqued the
curiosity of many academics and businesspeople.
An increasingly significant area of study within the realm of
intelligent materials is MR fluids. Classical magnetic
resonance (MR) fluids are low permeability liquids
containing non-colloidal suspensions of magnetizable
particles, typically a few microns in size. Dampers, brakes,
clutches, polishing devices, hydraulic valves, seals,
composite constructions, and other components are among
the devices that use MR fluids. In 1948, Rabinow created an
application device (a clutch) and the MR fluid. More
publications and patents for MR fluids surfaced in the years
that followed. The primary benefits of MR
fluids have a yield strength that can reach 50–100 kPa, one
order of magnitude more than ER fluids, and they are not
sensitive to pollutants, utilizing a low voltage of 12–24 V
and a somewhat wide operating temperature range (usually
40 to 150 °C). MR fluids have been the subject of renewed
interest since the early 1990s.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A specific magnetorheological fluid bypass damper has
been devised for a heavy vehicle controlled suspension
system, according to research done by H. Sakin et al. It has
also undergone testing and fabrication. This was
accomplished by dynamically simulating the rollover
performance of a heavy vehicle equipped with a controlled
full-scale MRF damper utilizing vehicle commercial
software and incorporating the Simulink control program.
The goal of all of this effort is to create full-scale MRF
dampers for heavy vehicle suspension systems. The two
controlled approaches have been applied here. "Controlled-
MRF4" and "Controlled MRF2" are these. These two
approaches have been studied and contrasted with OEM
and uncontrolled MRF dampers. Following that, we are
aware that MRF dampers have a greater capacity to prevent
rollover in the emergency lane unmanaged and original
equipment dampers. The handling advantages and possible
safety of MRF damper technology application for
commercial vehicles are explained in this entire study.
According to Jorge Lozoya et al., a malfunctioning damper
can throw an automobile off balance. It has been
demonstrated that an MR damper defect causes an oil
volume loss. The frequency estimator is employed in the
fault detection system component and is based on the
suspension's deflection. To increase efficiency, the switch
has been employed to sense the transmissibility domain.
This research concludes with an enhanced method for
monitoring the status of an MR damper. It provides past
data on the transmissibility of a reliable indicator for
malfunctioning MR dampers.
Nanthakumar, A.J.D. et al.The design and analysis of an
MR fluid damper for vibration control have been completed
in this research work. One possible instrument for
controlling vibration is an MR fluid damper. In this case,
the study was completed by viewing the domain as an
axisymmetric model. It illustrates how the applied magnetic
flux causes induced shear stress, yield stress, and fluid
viscosity, which in turn affects a damper's damping force.
Additionally, the damping force is dependent on the
parameters of the component, such as the piston's
dimension, the annular orifice's diameter, the damper fluid's
rheological behavior, the electromagnetic coil's number of
turns, and the coil's current magnitude. This study explains
the flux magnitude brought on by the coil's current flow.
III. WORKING PRINCIPLE
Magnetorheological (MR) dampers adjust their damping
properties in reaction to outside influences by using
magnetorheological fluids. When exposed to an external
magnetic field, these fluids, which are made up of magnetic
particles the size of microns contained in a carrier fluid,
experience a revolutionary change in their microstructure.
The particles align along the direction of the applied
magnetic field, changing the rheological characteristics of
the fluid. This alignment raises the fluid's viscosity and
shear modulus considerably, which in turn raises the
damper's damping force. MR dampers provide a number of
noteworthy benefits, one of which is their ability to change
the magnetic field strength in real-time. Thanks to this
capability, the damper may respond dynamically to
changing operating conditions, including vehicle motion,
and achieve adaptive and semi-active control.
MR dampers, in general, function by applying external
magnetic fields to modify the rheological characteristics of
magnetorheological fluids, offering adaptable and efficient
motion and vibration control solutions. With the use of
external magnetic fields, the rheological characteristics of
magnetorheological fluids are manipulated by MR dampers,
offering adaptable and efficient motion and vibration control
options.
 Components:

Components of optimized MR damper  Assembly of piston, piston rod and lid.

Grooved portion of piston with insulator material. IV. DESIGN

 Assembled piston and its rod with copper winding
Magnetorheological (MR) dampers must be designed with a
number of important elements carefully taken into account
to guarantee best performance and versatility in a range of
engineering applications. A control system for real-time
damping force adjustment is integrated, an appropriate
magnet configuration is chosen to control the magnetic
field, a suitable magnetorheological fluid is selected based
on compatibility and rheological properties. improving the
efficacy and efficiency of motion control and vibration
management systems.

 Copper winding covered with a cloth

V. ANALYSIS
To guarantee their effectiveness in various technical
applications, magnetorheological (MR) dampers are
subjected to a thorough evaluation process encompassing
several aspects. Performance evaluation includes testing the
damper's dynamic responsiveness under various loading
scenarios as well as its capacity to quickly and accurately
modify damping forces in response to changes in the
external magnetic field. Through endurance tests, durability
studies measure long-term reliability and confirm constant
performance over prolonged periods of time. Tests for
reliability look at stability, resilience to external influences,
and fault tolerance to make sure the system will function
dependably even in difficult circumstances. Cost-
effectiveness factors ensure affordability and value over
time by taking into account production, operational, and
lifespan costs. Applicability evaluation includes trade-offs
between performance and other solutions, ease of
The MR dampers provide an adaptable and flexible damping
integration, and versatility across engineering disciplines.
solution for a range of technical uses. MR dampers improve
In addition, new developments in technology and research
structural resilience, regulate vibrations, improve vehicle
contributions related to MR damper technology are closely
dynamics, and increase energy efficiency by dynamically
examined in order to promote ongoing progress.
altering damping qualities based on external conditions.
The goal of developing a design based on Taguchi
Their usefulness in engineering systems where accurate and
methodology is to maximize the damper's damping
responsive damping control is essential is highlighted by
force.The damper's geometric parameter values that produce
their capacity to deliver adaptive damping, as well as their
the greatest damping force are ascertained during this
versatility and appropriateness for a variety of industries.
optimization phase. A search is conducted between lower
All things considered, MR dampers are essential for
and higher bounds for the geometric parameters.In the
improving system stability, comfort, and performance while
stirrer, oleic acid (0.25% by weight) and CI particles (80%
providing an environmentally and economically friendly
by weight) were combined for 30 minutes at 400 R.P.M.
dampening solution.
Subsequently, white grease (0.25% by weight) was added
They can increase occupant safety and comfort by
and stirred in the same stirrer for 30 minutes at 400 RPM.
minimizing structural resonances, reducing oscillations, and
We carefully consider certain factors in the design of
altering damping forces in response to external vibrations.
Magnetorheological (MR) dampers in order to maximize
This provide damping solutions that are energy-efficient,
reliability and performance. By carefully choosing
especially in semi-active control modes where damping
materials and coil winding arrangements, the electromagnet
forces are changed in response to real-time data. As a result,
assembly—a crucial component—is optimized to enhance
less power is used than with active damping devices, which
magnetic field strength while minimizing power
promotes sustainability and energy conservation.
consumption and heat generation. In order to preserve
operational integrity, additional focus is placed on VII. LIMITAIONS
developing effective heat dissipation systems, such as heat
sinks or fans. In order to reduce friction and stop fluid  Limited Peak Damping Force: When subjected to
leakage, the piston-housing interface—which is essential harsh loading circumstances, MR dampers may not be
for fluid containment and smooth motion—is precisely built able to achieve high peak damping forces as well as
with sealing mechanisms and surface treatments. Precise regular hydraulic dampers. This may make them less
alignment and control over tolerance are guaranteed by appropriate for uses where very high damping force
sophisticated production processes, which improve levels are needed.
damping uniformity and reduce energy losses. We examine
the magnetorheological fluid's characteristics in order to  Temperature Sensitivity: Changes in temperature may
adjust the particle size, rheological behavior, and have an impact on how well MR dampers work.
temperature sensitivity to optimize damping characteristics. Elevated temperatures have the potential to deteriorate
the qualities of the magnetorheological fluid, resulting
VI. RESULTS in modifications to the damping characteristics and
perhaps impacting the overall dependability and
efficiency of the damper.

 Cost: Because of the intricacy of their design, the price

of magnetorheological fluids, and the components of
the electromagnet that must be used for operation, MR
dampers can be more expensive than conventional
passive dampers. Their wider acceptance may be
hampered by their higher cost, especially in
applications where money is tight.
 Power Consumption: MR dampers need power to run,
especially in semi-active control modes, even though
they are more energy-efficient than active damping
systems. In situations where energy conservation is
crucial, this power consumption may be an issue.
 Fluid Leakage and Seal Wear: To stop fluid leakage,
the MR dampers' piston-housing interface must keep a
solid seal. Seal deterioration and wear can happen over
time, which could result in fluid leakage and less
efficient damping.
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE
 Advanced Materials and Fluids: Further investigation
into new magnetorheological fluids and intelligent
materials may improve the damping capabilities and
long-term stability of magnetic resonance dampers.
Fluids with better stability, temperature resistance, and
response times may result from the investigation of
novel formulations, additives, and nanostructured
materials.
 Integration and Miniaturization: MR dampers may be
integrated into smaller, more intricate systems as a
result of the downsizing of MR damper components
and improvements in microfabrication methods. This
may create new avenues for its utilization in wearable
technology, biomedical applications, and microscale
electronics.
 Smart Control Strategies: More intelligent and
adaptive control of MR dampers may be possible with
the development of sophisticated control algorithms
and real-time sensor technologies. Predictive modeling
and machine learning approaches could improve
damping performance in real-time, responding to
changing operating conditions and user preferences
 Multi-Functional Dampers: Research on multi-
functional magnetic resonance dampers, which can
offer sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting
functions in addition to dampening, may result in more
adaptable and comprehensive engineering solutions.
Applications for these dampers include energy-
efficient systems, active vibration control, and
structural health monitoring
 Application Expansion: MR dampers are becoming
more and more popular in industries that are just
starting to take off, such robotics, aerospace, and
renewable energy systems, in addition to the typical
automotive and civil engineering applications.
Investigating novel deployment scenarios and use
cases may lead to new developments in the field of
MR damper technology.
IX. CONCLUSION
MR dampers are considered valuable in many technical
disciplines due to their energy-efficient functioning and
adaptability. When it comes to maximizing efficiency,
safety, and performance in a variety of applications, MR
dampers are going to become more and more important as
technology advances. Provided that customized damping
solutions are available, MR dampers essentially represent a
monument to innovation, enhancing system resilience and
overall performance in the face of changing operating
conditions.
X. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to sincerely thank Ms. Vaishnavi Patil for
her important assistance and direction in creating the
Magnetorheological Damper model at this time. The
accomplishment of this study effort has been made possible
by her knowledge and expertise.
The authors further express their gratitude to the Mechanical
Engineering Department for their support and
encouragement in conducting this work.
IX. REFERENCES
[1] Jolly, M.R., Carlson, J.D., Munoz, B.C. and Bullions,
T.A., 1999. The magnetorheological fluid damper:
past, present, and future. Journal of Intelligent
Material Systems and Structures, 10(1), pp.5-12.
[2] Nguyen, Q.H., Choi, S.B. and Choi, S.H., 2006. A
magnetorheological fluid damper: Electromagnetic
analysis and design. Smart Materials and Structures,
15(4), p.1003.
[3] Spencer Jr, B.F., Dyke, S.J., Sain, M.K. and Carlson,
J.D., 1997. Phenomenological model of a
magnetorheological damper. Journal of Engineering
Mechanics, 123(3), pp.230-238.
[4] Choi, S.B. and Wereley, N.M., 2003. Semi-active
vibration control of a structure utilizing a
magnetorheological damper. Journal of Sound and
Vibration, 260(1), pp.3-16.