545

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL SUNSHINE ENGLISH 10(Comprehensive)

PARTS OF SPEECH
Examples & Exercises of PARTS OF SPEECH taken from English
Grammar and Composition 9-10 by PCTB, Lahore (2023)
NOUN:
Examples: www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowledge www.notespk.com
1. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a great leader. Excellence of Knowledge
2. The Indus is the longest river in Pakistan. 3. Please don't make a noise.
4. Naela is suffering from fever. 5. Children drink milk.
6. Always speak the truth:
The Noun: Number www.notespk.cdrlence is ayirtue.
Some Nouns and their Plurals Exccllcnce of Knowledge
Jocs nouns
Singular Plural Singular Plural
|boy boys girl girls
toy toys book books
pen
Hndwidge
4xcell¢rde qf
pens www.notepk.¢om
xceliende
Hngwiedgeww.otespk.cqm
f
chair Exe!len¢e
kngwlkdhe bf chairs
table
w.nole$pk.¢om
night Wnwnptesp7.qom Excelldnce
Knoviedge f
tables desk desks
nights day days
CoW Cows
monkey |monkeys
donkey donkeys horse horses
friend friends poet poets
dog dogs cat cats
arm arms |leg legs
|hand hands ticket tickets
cap caps flower flowers
plant plants tree trees
bird birds bat bats
racket rackets pin pins
bangle bangles calf calves
shirt shirts locket lockets
Hxcellenge
nowledge df
w.notep7.¢om
house
roof www.rofespk.cqm
Excelenceof|Knoledge.
www.hgtdspk<com
kngwlede
Exdellen¢e pf
houses
roofs
rOom

wall
rooms

walls
kitchen kitchens door doors
window windows chief chiefs
hoof hoofs dwarf dwarfsldwarves
proof proofs gulf gulfs
thief thieves wolf wolves
leaf leaves knife knives
life lives bench benches
class classes brush brushes
watch watches tax taxes
dish dishes bush bushes
box boxes wife wives
match
546 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
matches mango mangoes
xeiendedp
SUNSHINE ENGLISH 10 Comprphensi)
kiss kisses
KholegA
of
Ekcqlehc
notespH.corn
.noepk.¢om volcano
Knpwledhevolcanoes
pfExtellenke
www.rhokeßpk.cqm
buffalo buffaloes hero heroes
potato potatoes dynamo dynamos
piano pianos duty duties
bamboo bamboos baby babies
city cities lady ladies
army 4xceli¢nde
armies vww story stories
fly flies pony ponies
man men woman Women

foot feet tooth teeth

|goose geese mouse mice
cuckoo cuckoos child children
brother brothers OX oxen

sister sisters
Singular Plural Singular
www]not¢spk.cpm
Kholepgd
ofEkcellehc¢ Plural
brother-in-Haw brothers-in-law stepbrother stepbrothers
sister-in-law sisters-in-law stepsister stepsisters
father-in-law fathers-in-law court martial courts martial
mother-in-law mothers-in-law hanger-on hangors-on
son-in-law sons-in-law looker-on lookers-on
daughter-in-law daughters-in-law passer-by passers-by
stepfather stepfathers Mr. Messrs
stepmother stepmothers Miss Misses
stepson stepsons Mrs. Mesdames
stepdaughter stepdaughters
Some nouns are used only in the plural: -ugLnAnouns .
trousers,,jeans, riches, spectacles, tidings, scissors,socks
Some nouns are used only in the singular:
news, physics, innings, politics, mathematics,
The Noun: Gender mechanicwww.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowledge
Gender shows the difference of sex. t is of four kinds.
-usptLGender
Anoun that denotes a male is said to be of Masculine Gender e.g. boy, lion, Adnan, etc.

Anounthat denotes a female is said to be of Feminine Gender e.g. gin, lioness, Aia,etc.
noun that denotes either sex is said to be of Common Gender e.g. cousin, baby, friend, etc.
A

noun that denotes a lifeless thing issaid to be of Neuter Gender e.g. apple, book, knife, etc.
A
 547 ".....

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL SUNSHINE ENGLISH I0 Cemprebengv)

Some common nouns and their feminine genders:

boy
Masculine
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girl
Feminine
vww.hd4
Masculine
Eceeco
ww.hdies*cph
brother sister
Feminine

bull
bnte
bikngwipde
COW |WwW.|1teSK|Cpnp
cock
tlkoledge
hen
dog bitch Krowledge
Excellerlce<of
father mother
horse mare husband wife
man Woman nephew niece
papa mama Son
ExcetercelofK
daughter
uncle aunt giant giantess
author authoress host |hostess
heir heiress manager manageress
lion lioness shepherd shepherdess
poet poetess conductor conductress
actor actress instructor instructress
hunter huntress tiger tigress
traitor traitress waiter waitress
Some common verbs and their nouns: nouns Ly
Verb Noun Verb
wvwn.ofespk.cdm
Excellende
fndwiedhe
Noun
achieve achievement drip dge drop
add addition draw drawer
admit admission drive ho
of driver
wwnptesp
advise advisorladvice elect election
ofK
agree agreement employ employment
allot allotment enjoy enjoymont
Ekcqlec
appoint appointment feed food
approve approval float fleet ww.otef
arrange arrangement flow flood
arrive arrival give gift
astonish www.note$pk.cVm
astonishment
go
dxcellende
f
Kngwledge
vWw.nbtepk.¢om
gait
Hngwledge
df
Excellgne þfExgelen¢e
bathe Exkelece
of\Kovtleg;
www.hqtespkcþr
bath grieve grief
bear 4 birth grow growth
begin beginning invite invitation
behave behaviour laugh laughter
believe belief live life
bleed blood lose loss
bless blessing marry marriage
breathe breath meet meeting
busy business move movement

bury burial object objection

choose choice propose proposal
cloth clothe prove proof
collect collection punish punishment
 548 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL SUNSHINE ENGLISH 10 Comprehensire)
congratulate congratulation remove removal
connect connection run race
decide decision see sight
destroy destruction sing song
develop development sit seat
die death solve solution
dine dinner speak speech
divide division strengthen strength
strike stroke thieve theft
succeed Success think thought
tell tale translate translation
PRONOUN www.notespk.com
Examples:
1. Atshan was absent becauseshe was ill. Excellence of KnowledgO
2. Razzaq did not play because he was injured.
3. My parents arrived yesterday. They arrived a day too late.
4. You are a doctor. 5. Iam a teacher. Ser; ACQs,
Kest
PERSONAL PRONOUN
First PerSon (Examples) ries,

UCas, Pape
NOTESPKo
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|am young. eotes,. We are young.
This ismy book. this is our book.
This book is mine.
He was talking of me.
Second Person (Examples)
NOTESPK Syoo
this book is ours.
OHe was talking óf us.

You are young. Test

Ser You are young
This is your book.
This book is yours.
Notes,
series,MCQs
This is your book.
This book is yours. Series,

otes,T
He wastalkingof you. He was talking of you.
Third Peson (Examples), v
He/Shelt is young.
This ishis/her book.
This book is his/hers.
He was talking of him/herlit.
NOTESPK
Syoo
They are young.
These are their books.
These books are theirs.
He was talking of them.
NOTESPK
Syoo
RELATIVE PRONOUN
Examples:
1. He is the young man who saved my life. 2. He is a boy whose father is a lawyer.
3. She is the girl whom Imet in Lahore.
4.
The story, which appeared in the daily Dawn, was written by Aslam.
5. This is the only thing thatlcan do for you. www.notespk.com
EXERCISE Excellence of Knowledge
Write the correct form of personal pronoun in the followingsentences.
-uj fomen personal pronoun usb
Answer Key
Naureen and were present. (, me) 1. I
1.
It was Salma called on you. (who, whom) 2. who
2
(ne, h1m) 3. he
3. Itmight have been
 549 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL SUNSHINE ENGLISH 10(Comprehensive)
4. You are taller than (he, him) 4. he
5. He is a better batsman than (we, us) 5. we
6. Is that Shilla? Yes, it is (she, her) 6. she
7. Nobody but was absent. (she, her) 7. she
8. She and are good friends. (1, me) 8. I
9. Your pen writes better than (her, hers) 9. hers
10. These books are not (her,hers) 10. hers
11. He lost his bat and we (our, ours) 11. ours
12. The bike which has been stolen is not (his, him) 12. his
ADJECTIVE www.notespk.com www.notespk.COm
Examples: Excellenc of Knowledge Excellence of Knowledgo
She is a pretty girl. He is a lazy boy.
Igave her two pencils. The team has had enough practice.
They showed much patience. He did not eat any bread.
Most Pakistanis like cricket. This is a Pakistani cloth.
EXERCISE
Supply suitable adjectives in the following sentences. -°ý adjectives u»
Answer Key
1. The man does not have a place to live. homeless
2. He is alan child. A little /An innocent
3. This is alan book. A
good /an excellent
4. Karachi is alan city. Abig/ an old
5. A hand has fingers. Long/ fat bony/ thin
6. men must die. Criminal / wicked
7. Ihave not eaten meat. Rotten/bad/fatty
8. There are not plates on the table. Clean/emptyldessert
9. mangoes are sour. Greenlunripe
10. Ilike jerseys. Woplylwarmlcolourful
THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVE www.hotéspk.com
Excellence of Knowtedge
The Positive Degree (Examples)
1. He is a rich man. 2. He is a bad man. 3. He is an honest man.
The Comparative Degree (Examples)
1. He is richer than his brother. 2. He is worse than his brother.
3. He is more honestthan his brother.
The Superlative Degree (Examples)
1. He is the richest man in the family. 2. He is the worst man in the family.
3. He is the most honest man in the family. www.notespk.com
EXERCISE Excellence of Knowledge
Use the correct form of the adjectiye in the folowingsentences.
www.notespk.com -uJintorm adjectives y J s
Excellenceof Knowledge Answer Key
uoydsYoe
1. She is than I. (pretty) 1. prettier
2. My father is than Ali's father. (old) 2. older
3. My father is the man in town. (rich) 3. richest
4. Your composition isthe of all. (bad) 4. worst
5. She is than her sister. (beautiful) 5. more beautiful
6. Thisis the tree in the garden. (tall) 6. tallest
 550 ADOITIONAL MATERIAL SUNSHINE ENGLISH I0 Camprehansivn)
7. He was carrying the loadof all. (heavy) 7. heaviest
8. The water of this well is (sweet) 8. sweet
9. She is a woman. (wise) woytsajou 9. wise
10. This is the question of all. (difflcult) 10. most difficult
11. Prevention is than curo. (good) 11. better
12. She is than her elder sister. (wise) 12. wiser
13. He is the of all the brothers. (tall) 13. tallest
14. She is the girl I have ever seen. (sweet) 14. sweetest
There are some comparatives which are followed by to instead of than:
1. She is senior to me. 2 lam junior to her.
3. This pen is superior to that. 4 This painting is inforior to that.
The Correct Use of Some Adjectives
Some, any: Some is used to express quantity or degroe in affirmative sentences and
any in negative or interrogative sentences.
1. You have bought some apples. 2. You have not bought any apples.
3. Have you bought any apples?
each, every: Each is used in speaking of twO or more things when the number ls limited
and definite. Every is used only in speaking of more than two when the number is indefinite.
1. Istayed in Naran for three days, and it rained each day.
2. Each of the two sisters has pens.
3.
www.notespk.com
This magazine ls published every year. Excellence of Knowledgo
little, a little, the little: Little means hardly any. Therefore, It has a negative
meaning. Alittle means some, though not much. It has a positive meaning. The little means
not much,but all that is.
1.
2.
Naureen has little chance of recovery. (hardly any)
Her mother has a little chance of recovery.
www.notespk.com
Exccllence of Knowledge ,
3. The doctors must avail themselves of the little chance of recovery that he has.
few, afew, the few: Few means hardly any. It has a negative meaning. Afew
means some. It has a positive meaning. The few means not many, but all these are.
1. lam unlucky that Ihave few friends. (i.e. hardly any)
2. She is lucky as she has a few friends.
3 The fewfriends she has, are very influential. www.notespk.com
ARTICLES Excellence of Knowledge
A, anand the are called articles.Articles are of two kinds:
The Indefinite Article
A and an are the two indefinite articles. A is used before the word
beginning with a
consonant sound, and an with the word beginning with a vowel sound. The indefinite
articles can be used only with the things that can be counted.
1. This is a table. 2. The boy is sittingon a chair.
3 She is eating an apple. 4. Acatoats meat.
The Definite Article MCQs, Pape
The is called definite article. It is used:
i) When we speak of aparticular person or a thing.
1.
2.
He has gone to the canal for a walk.
She went to the club an hour ago.
NOTESPK PDF

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3. The book, he wants, isout of print.
 551 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL SUNSHINE ENGLISH 10(Camprehensie)
i) When a singular noun represents a whole class.
1.
2.
The dog is a faithful animal.
The rose is a sweet flower.
www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowledge
ii) With the names of rivers, seas, oceans, groups of islands and mountain ranges.
1. The Indus is the longest river in Pakistan.
2. The West Indies is known for great cricketers.
3.
4.
The Indian Ocean lies to the south of India.
Mount Everest is one of the peaks of the Himalayas.
iv) Before the names of books and newspapers.
Serie
st
Papers
NOTESPK
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1. The Dàwn is published from Karachi.

2. The Muslims follow the teachings of the Holy Quran.
v) Before common names which are names of unique things.
1. The moonshines in the sky. www.notespk.com
EXERCISE Exceilence of Knowledge
www.notespk.com
Use a, an or the where necessary. Excellence
of
Kncwledge
Answer Key
1. cat is a loving animal. The
2. table is made of wood. The
3. child drinks milk. The
4. We eat rice with spoon.
5. mango has sweet taste. The, a
6. I want cup of coffee. a
7. We write on paper. No article is needed
8 Please give me piece of paper.
9. door of room is broken. The, the
10. There is chair in corner. a, the
11. We write with pen.
12. We write letter.
13. Ilike butter. www.notespk.com No article is needed
Excellence of Knowledge
14. Ieat bread. No article is needed
15. Iam eating piece of bread.
PREPOSITION www.notespk.com
Examples: Excellence of Knowledge
1. He is fond of tea. 2. He is ashamed of his behaviour.
3 He was angry with me. 4. She was absent from the class.
5. Let us hope for the best.
VERB www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowledge
Example8:
1. Roshana takes her meals in the afternoon. 2. The sun rises in the east.
3. She has learnt her lesson. 4. Girls were singing.
5. He speaks the truth. www.notespk.com
ADVERB Excellence of Knowledge
Examples:
1. She was walking slowly. 2. Youare a very clever boy.
3. She was walking guite slowly.
 552 ADOITIONAL MATERIAL SUNSHINE ENGLISH 10(Comprehensive)
Adverbs of Manner www.notespk.Com
Examples: Exccllence of Knowledge,
1. She was walking slowly. 2. He was reading clearly.
3. They fought bravely. 4. Do not walk so fast.
Adverbs of Place www.notespk.com
Examples: Excellence of Knowledge
1. They followed her everywhere. 2. Where are you going?
Adverbs of Time www.notespk.com
Examples: Excellence of Knowledgei
1. When will you learn to do it? 2. Sheila sang at the concert on Sunday.
3. The book was not available then,
The three adverbs in one sentence are placed in the following
sequence:
-L42bebsadverbs w t s
Sheila sang beautifully (adverb of manner) at the concert (adverb of place) on Sunday
(adverb of time). www.notespk.com
CONJUNCTION Excellence of Knowledge
1. She isa doctor and her brother is an engineer. 2. He is poor but honest.
3. Roshana and Naushaba are good singers.
4 He must get a good job or he will run away. 5. Two and two make four.
Some conjunctions are used in pairs. -uLnjteiR conjunctions
1. Neither she nor her mother is present inthe house. MGQs,
Serie
<eserle
2.
3
4
Either he is a fool or a knave.
Both Aslam and Akram respect their teacher.
She does not care whether you eat or not.
S

NOTESPK
Paper
5
He is not onlya brother to me but alsoa friend. Syoo

6 No sooner did he leave the house than it started raining.

7.
As you sow, so shal you reap.
Some compound expressions are also used as conjunctions.
1. He saved a lot of money so that his sons would lead a prosperous life.
2 Adnan as well as his friends was in the class.
3 He should be employed provided that he fulfills the basic qualifications.
4. He will be readmitted to school on condition that he submits a written apology.
6. She looks as if she were ill.
INTERJECTION www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowledge L
An interjection is a word which is used to express sudden feeling or emotion.
1. Hurrah! We have won the match. 2. Alas! He is no more.
3. Oh! You gave me shivers. 4. Hush! Do not make a noise.
5. Hello! What are you doing there?
Some groups of words are also used as interjections. www.notespk.com
Excellence of Knowiedge
Ahmel For shamelGood heavens! Well donel
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