WRITING A

RESEARCH PAPER
CHARACTERISTICS
OF RESEARCH
 EMPIRICAL
Clue: based on, concerned with, or
verifiable by observation or experience
rather than theory or pure logic
 LOGICAL/ANALYTICAL
Clue: involves the evaluation of facts
and information relative to the research
being conducted.
 CYCLICAL

Clue: occurring in cycles;

recurrent.
 CRITICAL
Clue: expressing or involving an
analysis of the merits and faults
of a work
 METHODICAL
Clue: done according to a
systematic or established form
of procedure
 REPLICABILITY
Clue: the ability of a scientific experiment
or trial to be repeated to obtain a
consistent result; the quality of being able
to be exactly copied or reproduced
INITIATING FORCES
BEHIND RESEARCH
 INITIATING FORCES BEHIND
RESEARCH

▪ Needs
▪ New knowledge
▪ Problem or concern
PARTS OF A
RESEARCH
 PARTS OF A RESEARCH
Chapter I: The Problem and Its Setting
(Chapter II: Review of Related Literature and Studies)
Chapter III: Research Methodology
Chapter IV: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of
Data
Chapter V: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
 CHAPTER 1
- Introduction (RRL/RRS)
- Statement of the Problem (Research Questions)
- Hypothesis
- Significance of the Study
- Scope and Delimitation
- Definition of Terms
 CHAPTER 2
-Review of Foreign Studies
-Review of Foreign Literature
-Review of Local Studies
-Review of Local Literature
 CHAPTER 3
- Research Method
- Research Locale
- Sample and Sampling Procedure
- Data Gathering Procedure
Description of the Instrument
Construction of the Questionnaire
Administration of the Questionnaire
- Statistical Treatment of Data
 CHAPTER 4
-Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
Tables / Data
Data Commentary
 CHAPTER 5
-Summary
-Conclusion
-Recommendations
WHERE AND HOW
DO WE BEGIN?
WHERE AND HOW TO BEGIN
(Research Problem)

Some Considerations:
- Personal interests and competence
- Relevance and Timeliness
- Feasibility
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Some Characteristics:
1. It should not have an obvious answer or result
from the get-go.
2. It should be defined and delimited.
3. It should add to the current and existing body
of knowledge.
 THE RESEARCH TITLE
1. Indicating the Scope
- defined and delimited
2. Not indicating the Scope
- simpler and sometimes creative
FOCUSING OR LIMITING THE TOPIC
Decreasing English Language Proficiency

Factors Affecting the Decreasing English

Language Proficiency
Focus it Some More…
Factors Affecting the Decreasing English
Language Proficiency

Factors Affecting the Decreasing English

Language Proficiency of the First Year
College Students of the College of the
Immaculate Conception
Limit your Topic
Factors Affecting the Decreasing English Language
Proficiency of the First Year College Students of
the College of the Immaculate Conception

Factors Affecting the Decreasing English Language

Proficiency of the First Year Education Students of
the College of the Immaculate Conception
 Other Titles
Titles not Indicating the Scope
• Factors Affecting Student Motivation
• Online Dating: Alteration in Emotional and Physical Nature of
Relationship and Interconnection to Social and Personal
Issues
• Swipe Right: Young People and Online Dating in the Digital
Age
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Focus: Entry competencies in Mathematics
(most and the least vital)
Target Participants: Engineering students
Problem: Identify the entry competencies
in Mathematics of Engineering students
WHAT’S THE TITLE?
Idea: Identify the entry competencies in
Mathematics of Engineering students
Entry Competencies in Mathematics of
Engineering Freshmen (in the Three
Technological Universities in Region 3)
JUST CHECKING…
QUESTION: Will it be research-worthy if you just
want to find out the relationship of the grade in
Math and the passing of 1st year Engineering
student-applicants in the entrance exam?

NO.
 WHAT’S NEXT AFTER THE TITLE?
FRAMEWORK
Proponents of Theory or
Competencies, Concept
Engineering and
Literature Mathematics, etc.

Search
How to measure Research
competencies, etc. Instrument &
Specific objectives
of SOP