pardon) and indemnity (protection) to the
Memoirs of the Revolution
EMILIO AGUINALDO
Born Mar. 22, 1869
Cavito El Viejo (Kawit), Cavite
First president of the Republic of the Philippines
(1899 – 1901)
Nickname: Miong
Parents: Kapitan Carlos Aguinaldo y Jamir and
Kapitana Trinidad Famy y Valero
His father died when Aguinaldo was 9.
Seventh of the eight children
Sent to study at College of San Juan de Letran.
Quit college and returned home in Kawit.
Appointed as the cabeza de barangay at 17.
JAN. 1, 1896 — Kapitan Miong married Hilaria del
Rosario from Imus.
Had five children.
MARCH 6, 1921 — His wife died.
JULY 14, 1930 — He married Maria Agoncillo, niece
of Felipe Agoncillo (his minister plenipotentiary when
he was president).
His association with Santiago Alvarez got him involved
with the secret society of Andres Bonifacio.
Inducted in March 1895 in San Nicolas.
Adopted the symbolic name Magdalo.
After Santa Maria Magdalena,
patroness of Kawit.
The battles kept the Katipuneros occupied in order to
liberate the country from the Spanish colonial
government.
But not spare them from fighting each other.
Split into two rival factions:
MAGDALO — Recognized Aguinaldo’s
leadership.
MAGDIWANG — Gave its support to
Bonifacio.
MARCH 22, 1897 — Rivalry climaxed at the Tejeros
where two factions met.
A supposed meeting to settle differences and
change the Katipunan into a revolutionary
government.
Resulted in a deeper conflict and the execution
of Bonifacio near Mt. Buntis at Maragondon,
Cavite on MAY 10, 1897.
Left Aguinaldo as the undisputed leader of the
Revolution.
Spain wanted to end the hostilities with the Filipino
revolutionaries.
Spanish Governor-General used Pedro Paterno to
negotiate with Aguinaldo.
DEC. 1897 — Negotiation resulted in the Truce (Pact)
of Biak-na-Bato.
Aguinaldo and other leaders of the revolution would go
into a voluntary exile in Hong Kong and the rest
would surrender their arms to the Spanish gov.
Latter would provide general amnesty (official
revolutionaries and other war victims.
Truce turned out to be a failure.
Spanish gov. had not acted on their end of the
contract.
FIipino forces had not fully surrendered their
arms.
WHILE EXILED, Aguinaldo used the indemnity
money to purchase firearms and prepare to continue the
war against Spain.
Brewing Spanish-American War gave him the
opportunity to return.
MAY 1898 — Aguinaldo was back in the Philippines.
Heeded the advice of Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, he
established a provisional dictatorial government in
Cavite.
He later changed into a Republic.
His first two significant acts, as President:
JUNE 12, 1898 — Proclamation of Philippine
Independence in Kawit.
Organization of local political units.
Dreamed self-government would turn out to be short-
lived.
FEB. 4, 1899 — Outbreak of Filipino-American War
Aguinaldo led the fight for independence.
MARCH 23, 1901 — Was captured but the
American forces trailing him in Palanan,
Isabela.
His capture demoralized the Filipino soldiers.
Some generals (Artemio Ricarte, Miguel
Malvar) continued their resistance.
The Philippine American War eventually ended.
Peace was restored and the American Civil government
was established.
Aguinaldo led the life of a gentleman farmer.
1935 — Aguinaldo ran in the election for president of
the transitory government (Commonwealth) under the
National Socialist party.
Lost to Manuel L. Quezon who was the Senate
President.
FEB. 6, 1964 — Aguinaldo died of coronary
thrombosis at the Veterans Memorial Hospital in
Quezon City.
A year before he donated his lot and mansion
to the government.
Property now serves a shrine that “perpetuate
the spirit of Revolution in 1896.”
BETWEEN 1928 AND 1946 — Aguinaldo produced
in long hand the first volume of his memoirs.
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan (Memoirs of the
Revolution)
Translated from the original Tagalog by
Sulpicio Guevarra (1967).
IN HIS PREFACE — He says the memoirs were
based on the diary he kept, documents he preserved,
and family lore gathered from his elders.
A second publication was made in 1998 during the
100th celebration of the Philippine independence.
MEMOIRS OF THE REVOLUTION
Aguinaldo informed the parish priest in the convent
 that his task in going to Cavite failed.
Learned that Captain General Blanco of
Estado de Guerera has decided on the eight
provinces including Cavite.
He and his to Consejal, G. Candido Tria Tirona and
Santiago Dano fought with the three Guardia Civil
patrolling their area.
Aguinaldo prepared to commence the battle with the
Spanish forces.
Described Andres Bonifacio as Haring Bayan.
Even though Aguinaldo is not in good terms with
Bonifacio, he asked him for help in planning out a
rescue for Jose Rizal who was at that time scheduled
for execution.
Did not push through with the plan.
Don Paciano (brother of Rizal) was strongly
against it.
It was not what Rizal wanted.
Both brothers did not consent to more
bloodshed.

HENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ

Virey
Pangalawang Hari
Uncle of Gregoria de Jesus (Lakambini), Bonifacio’s
wife

SUPREMO
From the Spanish word meaning supreme leader
(kataas-taasang pinuno).
Used to refer to Andres Bonifacio.
Known leader of the KKK and the Father of
the Philippine Revolution.