university of garmain

Civil engineering department

Academic year 2021-2022

Prepared by:Sangin Yahea Stage:1st

Supervisor:Sadiq Muhamad Subject:Acadimic dibait

Table of contents:
 What is Application of Lasers in Highway Engineering?
 The major four application of laser in the highway engineering

1. Road Profiling

2. Pavement Surface Deflections

 Rolling Wheel Deflectometer

 Working Spatially-Coincident Method

3. Bridge Deflection

4. Speed Checkers

 Application of Lasers in Highway Engineering

 What are the advantages and applications of a laser in highway engineering ?
What is Application of Lasers in Highway Engineering?

In this era of technology, the use of lasers has a very vast application in highway
engineering. It is used for various purposes like road profiling, pavement surface
deflection, bridge deflection, speed checkers, etc.

These techniques have eased human efforts by making it simple and easy to use.
If compared to older methods that were cumbersome, these have higher accuracy
as it is automated and quicker in obtaining results, which is computed by a
computer and needs very less human power.

The major four application of laser in the highway engineering are discussed below:

Road Profiling:
The profile of a road is measured along any constant non-existent line
or object. The profile of a road taken along a lateral line demonstrates
the superelevation and crown of the road outline, in addition to rutting
and different problems. The longitudinal profile demonstrates the
roughness, texture, design grade.
A laser profiler is used to find the following ingredients of a road profile:

1 A reference elevation

2 A height relative to the reference, and

3 Longitudinal distance.

The applications of laser profiler in the highway engineering are:

1- To screen the state of a road system for pavement management systems (PMS),

2- To assess the nature of recently developed or repaired areas,

3- To analyze the state of a particular place and decide fitting cures, and,

4- To examine the state of a particular site for research. At the other end, an examination
system may include incessant estimations of destinations that are only a few hundred feet
long, to recognize unobtrusive types of decay at their onset.
Pavement Surface Deflections:
The pavement surface deflection is measured using :

 Rolling Wheel Deflectometer:

The rolling wheel deflectometer was developed by Applied Research
Associates (ARA), Inc. to quantify pavement surface diversions at traffic
speeds and to portray the heap conveying limit of in-administration
pavements. This instrument comprises of a 53 ft long semitrailer applying a
standard 18,000-lb load on the pavement structure by the means of standard
double tire get together over the single back pivot.

Working Spatially-Coincident Method:

The RWD measures wheel diversions at the pavement surface by method for a
spatially incidental technique, which looks at the profiles of the surface in both
undeflected and avoided states. As the RWD goes on top of the pavement,
triangulation lasers mounted on a 25.5-ft aluminum shaft and put at 8-ft interims
are utilized to gauge surface avoidances.

Three spot lasers are put before the stacked wheel to characterize the emptied
surface, and one spot laser is explicitly set on top of the double-stacked tire to get
together to gauge the diverting surface. The laser sensors are placed to gather a
reading at a settled interim of 0.6 in at all truck speeds.
Bridge Deflection:

The deformation in the bridge is caused by changes in natural conditions and

long-term load and overload. The measurement of the deformation is important
to know the health of the bridge in order to ensure the safe use of it.To measure
the deformation, new methods of deformation monitoring with the development
of computer technology, sensor technology, and network technology, such as
Stretched wire,tilt-meter, GPS, optical fiber, laser image. These methods can
realize real-time on-line and automatic measurement of bridge deflection, which
is low on maintenance cost and high precision.

The deflection measurement system is composed of laser emitter, laser receiver,

and upper computer, as shown in the figure below. The laser beam should have
long-term stability, anti-interference, and high positioning accuracy to ensure the
accurate positioning of the spot center.

Speed Checkers:

The vehicle speed detection is crucial for observing speed limitation

law, and it also demonstrates traffic condition. The speed of the vehicle
more than the defined limit is dangerous, which creates the chances of
accidents.
The intelligent transportations system (ITS)- is a new approach to manage traffic
vehicles. These systems are becoming more critical due to their advantages like
saving lives, money, and time. Lasers have been used in the detection of the
speed of the vehicle to mitigate the hazardous events on the road. The highway
speed checker comes handy for the traffic police, especially against the speed
limit violators because it provides the digital display as well as buzzing sound or
alarm to detect any vehicle speed if the vehicle exceeds the permitted speed
limit.

Application of Lasers in Highway Engineering:

1 . The laser-based system can measure the road profile and deflection accurately
while traveling at an average speed.

2 . It results in rapid measurement and quick data collection.

3 . Multiple locations can be measured from a single instrument position.

4 . It doesn’t require any setup or break down.

5 . It can be installed on any vehicle required by the user.

6 . It can operate at a speed of 105 km/h.

7 .It collects data in real-time as it traverses the pavement’s surface.

8. It eliminates the need for lane closures or traffic control while testing.
What are the uses of lasers in the field of Highway Engineering?

The uses of lasers in highway engineering are road profiling, pavement surface
deflection, bridge deflection, speed checkers, etc.

What is the use of lasers in the speed detection of vehicles?

The highway speed checker comes handy for the traffic police, especially against
the speed limit violators because it provides the digital display as well as buzzing
sound or alarm to detect any vehicle speed if the vehicle exceeds the permitted
speed limit.

Advantages of Laser Scanning:

• It produces more objective identification of pavement distress.

• It substantially declines the safety risks of having staffs on the ground.

• It greatly reduces the cost of closing roads and this advantage is more obvious
in case of airports since airport closure is significantly costly.

• It decline the time that staffs need to spend on the ground.

• It permits use friendly display of acquired data.

• The system can operate completely both in daylight and night.

• It can work at speeds of 105 km/h.

• It collects data in real-time as it traverses the top of the pavement.

• During the research, it removes the need for lane restrictions or traffic
management.

• A single instrument position may be used to calculate different positions.

• It requires no setups or breakdowns.

• This can be installed on any automobile that the customer wants.

Referenece:
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V7/i8/IRJET-V7I8425.pdf
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-and-applications-
of-a-laser-in-highway-engineering
https://theconstructor.org/digital-construction/application-lasers-
highway-engineering/40077/?amp=1#1_Road_Profiling