26. The blood speed in a normal segment of a horizontal artery is 0.11 m/s.

An abnormal
segment of the artery is narrowed down by an arteriosclerotic plaque to one-fourth the
normal cross-sectional area. What is the difference in blood pressures between the normal
and constricted segments of the artery?

Assume that blood is incompressible then continuity equation

𝝆𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝝆𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍

Reduces to
𝒗𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝒗𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍
Bernoulli’s Principle is
𝟏 𝟏
𝑷𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 + 𝝆𝒗𝟐𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝑷𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 + 𝝆𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝑷𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝑷𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝝆𝒗𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝝆𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝝆(𝒗𝟐𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

From continuity we can solve for the abnormal speed

𝑨𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍
𝒗𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝒗𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍
𝑨𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍
Using the condition that
𝟏
𝑨𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝑨
𝟒 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍

𝑨𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍
𝒗𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝒗𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝒗𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝟒𝒗𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍
𝑨𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝟏
𝟒 𝑨𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍

So put this into pressure difference

𝟏 𝟏
𝑷𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝑷𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝝆(𝒗𝟐𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 ) = 𝝆((𝟒𝒗𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 )𝟐 − 𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 )
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝟏
𝑷𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝑷𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝝆((𝟒𝒗𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 )𝟐 − 𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 ) = 𝝆(𝟏𝟔 𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 )
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝟏𝟓
𝑷𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝑷𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝝆(𝟏𝟔 𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 ) = 𝝆 𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝒈⁄
𝑷𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝑷𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝝆 𝒗𝟐𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = (𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎 ) (𝟎. 𝟏𝟏 𝒎⁄𝒔)𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝒎𝟑
 𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝒈
𝑷𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝑷𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = (𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎 ⁄ 𝟑 ) (𝟎. 𝟏𝟏 𝒎⁄𝒔)𝟐 = 𝟗𝟔. 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝑷𝒂
𝟐 𝒎

𝑷𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 − 𝑷𝑨𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝟗𝟔 𝑷𝒂

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This page last updated on November 20, 2021