Lecture 6 Ansys Mechanical APDL Advanced Examples

Lecture 6:
Advanced Examples
2
Contents
1. Microscope Support System
2. Attached Fork
3. Design of Auger screw Conveyor
4. Temperature-Dependent Material Property
5. Pipe Flange Using Symmetry
3
1. Microscope Support System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=539&v=wPp
uBOSU7_w&feature=emb_title
4
Example 5: Microscope support system
Technical Draws
5
Example 5: Microscope support system
FINISH
/CLEAR
SB1=1
SL1=10
SB2=1
SL2=30
EKL1=0.25
EKL2=0.25
EKLA=0.7
KRAFTX=0
KRAFTY=100
/PREP7
ET,1,PLANE42,,,3
MP,EX,1,200000
MP,NUXY,1,0.27
R,1,5.0
RECTNG,0,26,0,24
CM,R0,AREA
ASEL,NONE
CYL4,0,0,20
CYL4,25/SQRT(2),25/SQRT(2),1.5
CM,L0,AREA
CMSEL,A,R0
ASBA,R0,L0
6
ASEL,NONE
RECTNG,0,38,0,33
CM,R1,AREA
ASEL,NONE
RECTNG,0,32,0,25
CM,L1,AREA
CMSEL,A,R1
ASBA,R1,L1
ASEL,NONE
RECTNG,0,47,0,47
CM,R2,AREA
ASEL,NONE
RECTNG,0,39,0,39
CM,L2,AREA
CMSEL,A,R2
ASBA,R2,L2
RECTNG,26,29-SB1/2,24-SB1,24
RECTNG,29-SB1/2,29+SB1/2,24-SL1,24
RECTNG,29+SB1/2,32,24-SL1,24-SL1+SB1
RECTNG,38-SB2,38,33,36-SB2/2
RECTNG,38-SL2,38,36-SB2/2,36+SB2/2
RECTNG,38-SL2,38-SL2+SB2,36+SB2/2,39
CYL4,27,43,4.3/2
CYL4,43,27,4.3/2
ASEL,ALL
AOVLAP,ALL
7
AGLUE,ALL
Example 5: Microscope support system (continued)
ASEL,S,LOC,X,26,32
ASEL,R,LOC,Y,0,24
CM,B1A,AREA
LSLA,S
CM,B1L,LINE
LSEL,R,LENGTH,,SB1
LESIZE,ALL,,,SB1/EKL1
CMSEL,S,B1L
LSEL,R,LENGTH,,(6-SB1)/2
LESIZE,ALL,,,(6-SB1)/2/EKL1
CMSEL,S,B1L
LSEL,R,LENGTH,,SL1-SB1
LESIZE,ALL,,,(SL1-SB1)/EKL1
CMSEL,S,B1L
LSEL,R,LOC,X,29-SB1/2
LCCAT,ALL
CMSEL,S,B1L
LSEL,R,LOC,X,29+SB1/2
LCCAT,ALL
CMSEL,S,B1A
MSHKEY,1
AMESH,ALL 8
LSEL,S,LOC,Y,33,39
ASLL,S,1 ! Selects those areas -selected lines.
CM,B2A,AREA
LSLA,S
CM,B2L,LINE
LSEL,R,LENGTH,,SB2
LESIZE,ALL,,,SB2/EKL2
CMSEL,S,B2L
LSEL,R,LENGTH,,(6-SB2)/2
LESIZE,ALL,,,(6-SB2)/2/EKL2
CMSEL,S,B2L
LSEL,R,LENGTH,,SL2-SB2
LESIZE,ALL,,,(SL2-SB2)/EKL2
CMSEL,S,B2L
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,36-SB2/2
LCCAT,ALL
CMSEL,S,B2L
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,36+SB2/2
LCCAT,ALL
CMSEL,S,B2A
AMESH,ALL
9
MSHKEY,0
ESIZE,EKLA
ASEL,ALL
AMESH,ALL
LSEL,S,LCCA
LDELE,ALL
ARSYM,X,ALL
ARSYM,Y,ALL
NUMMRG,ALL
FINISH
10
/SOLUTION
LSEL,S,RADIUS,,4.3/2
NSLL,S,1
CSYS,1
NSEL,U,LOC,Y,270,360
CSYS,0
D,ALL,ALL,0
ALLSEL
F,NODE(26,0,0),FX,KRAFTX
F,NODE(32,0,0),FX,-KRAFTX
F,NODE(-26,0,0),FX,KRAFTX
F,NODE(-32,0,0),FX,-KRAFTX
F,NODE(0,33,0),FY,KRAFTY
F,NODE(0,39,0),FY,-KRAFTY
F,NODE(0,-33,0),FY,KRAFTY
F,NODE(0,-39,0),FY,-KRAFTY
! NLGEOM,ON
SOLVE
FINISH
11
Deformation
• Plot deformed shape.
• Plot stresses
• Plot and List reactions.
• List the deflections at each node.
/post1
Pldisp,1
Maximum Deflection
1.46549 (mm)
12
Deflection
• Plot stresses
Plnsol,u,sum,0,1
acntr
13

• Plot stresses
Plnsol,s,eqv,0,1
Maximum Stress in xy plane

1049.42 N/mm2
14
Example 8: Attached Fork
15
16
FINISH Local,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,-90
/CLEAR WPCSYS
C***Parameter RECTNG,0,100,MST+RI,650
MST=35 CM,F1,AREA
NEZ1=12 ASEL,NONE
NED1=4 CYL4,25,210+MST+RI,10
EKL1=100/NEZ1 AGEN,4,ALL,,,0,100,0
RA=15 AGEN,2,ALL,,,50,0,0
RI=40 CM,HOLES,AREA
DRUCK=0.0967 ASEL,ALL
/TITLE, Screw-fasten ASBA,F1,HOLES
/PREP7 LSEL,S,RADIUS,,10
ET,1,SOLID45 LESIZE,ALL,EKL1/2
ET,2,MESH200,6 LSEL,S,LOC,Y, MST+RI
MP,EX,1,200000 LESIZE,ALL,,,NEZ1
MP,PRXY,1,0.3 ESIZE,EKL1
TYPE,2
AMESH,ALL
TYPE,1
ESIZE,,NED1
VEXT,ALL,,,0,0,-MST 17
NUMSTR,LINE,200 LARC,207,208,206,RI
ASEL,NONE L,208,200
LSEL,NONE A,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208
CSYS,0 LESIZE,207,,,3.5*RI/EKL1
WPCSYS LESIZE,205,,,NED1
K,200,0,MST+RI,0 LESIZE,208,,,NED1
K,201,0,RA,0 LSEL,S,LINE,,200,204
K,202,RA,0,0 LCCAT,ALL
K,203,MST+RI,0,0 LSEL,S,LINE,,206,207
K,204,350,0,0 LCCAT,ALL
K,205,920,20,0 LSEL,ALL
K,206,920,MST,0 MSHKEY,1
K,207,MST+RI,MST,0 TYPE,2
K,208,MST,MST+RI,0 ESIZE,EKL1
L,200,201 AMESH,ALL
LARC,201,202,200,RA LSEL,S,LCCA
L,202,203 LDELE,ALL
L,203,204 TYPE,1
L,204,205 ESIZE,,NEZ1
L,205,206 VEXT,ALL,,,0,0,100
L,206,207 18
VSEL,NONE
K,300,1000,22.8,15
K,301,1000,22.8,85
K,302,1000,MST,85
K,303,1000,MST,15
V,KP(920,20,0),KP(920,20,100),KP(920,MST,100),KP(920,MST,0),300
,301,302,303
VSWEEP,ALL
NUMMRG,ALL
FINISH
/SOLUTION
C*** CONSTRAINTS
LSEL,S,LOC,Y,MST+RI+1,649
LSEL,R,LOC,Z,1,99
ASLL,S,1
NSLA,S,1
D,ALL,ALL,0
C*** PRESSURE
ASEL,S,LOC,Y,MST
SFA,ALL,,PRES,1000
ALLSEL
SOLVE
19
FINISH
20
21
22
23
Example 10. Design of Auger screw Conveyor
Design analysis for Injection molding
- Extrusion Hopper Design

- Truncated cone
1
- 𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝜋𝜋(𝑅𝑅2 𝐻𝐻𝑒𝑒𝑒 − 𝑟𝑟 2 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒 )
3
Customer Requirement
Capacity: 5kg/hour and
working continuously 16 hours
Nozzle diameter
𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒𝑒 , 𝜌𝜌---- > mass

Optimization Process
24
HEAT-FORMING MACHINES
Auger screw Conveyor
Paper: ”Design and Analysis of screw conveyor”
25
Design analysis for Injection molding

- Extrusion Auger Shaft Design
Reaction Forces
Required Torque
Chains & Gears
Motor Selections Ex. 10 hp
26
finish CYL4,0,0,,,rshaft
/clear NUMSTR,VOLU, 99
!DEFINE DESIGN PARAMETERS HERE VEXT,ALL,,,0,0,lshaft
nblade = 15 ! number of blades VSEL,NONE
rshaft = 30 ! shaft radius [mm] ASEL,NONE
lshaft = 710 ! shaft length[mm] LOCAL,11,0,0,0,100
wblade = 11 ! blade width* [mm] WPCSYS
gapblade = 25 ! gap between blades* [mm] CYL4,0,0,rshaft,,inradblade
outradblade = 75 ! outer radius of the blades* [mm] NUMSTR,VOLU,100
inradblade = 55 ! inner radius of the blades* [mm] VEXT,ALL,,,0,0,wblade
dphioutradblade = 50 ! angle component of the outer radius of VGLUE,99,100
the blade* [degree] NUMSTR,VOLU,200
dphiinradblade = 360/5 - dphioutradblade ! angle component CYL4,0,0,inradblade,0,outradblade,dphioutradblade,wblade
of the inner radius of the blade* [degree] VSEL,S,VOLU,,200
ekl = 5! mesh size CSYS,1
/PREP7 VGEN,5,ALL,,,0,72,0
ET,2,PLANE2 VADD,100,200,201,202,203,204
ET,1,SOLID185 VSEL,A,VOLU,,100
MP,DENS,1,0.0000078 NUMSTR,VOLU,205
MP,EX,1,200000 VADD,ALL
MP,EZ,1,200000 27
MP,PRXY,1,0.32
NUMSTR,AREA,200 VSWEEP,235,1,2
AADD,63,61,51,48,59,65 ASEL,S,AREA,,2
NUMSTR,AREA,200 NSLA,S,ALL
ASEL,S,AREA,,200 D,ALL,ALL,0
TYPE,1 ASEL,S,AREA,,1
ESIZE,EKL LSLA,S
MSHKEY,0 NSLL,S,1
AMESH,ALL NROTAT,ALL
ALLSEL,ALL *GET,NNODE,NODE,0,COUNT
AADD,50,60,62,58,53,64 F,ALL,FY,1000000/NNODE
VSWEEP,205,200,201 allsel,all
VGEN,nblade,205,,,0,0,gapblade + wblade nplot
ALLSEL,ALL /SOLU
VGLUE,ALL
ASEL,S,AREA,,1
TYPE,1
ESIZE, EKL
MSHKEY,0
AMESH,ALL
ALLSEL,ALL
28
- Extrusion Auger Shaft Design
Stress & Strains
Standard Parameters
Materials Selections
29
Temperature-Dependent Plasticity Analysis
 Analyze the tensile behavior:
- A linear elastic material model at room temperature
- A elastic-plastic material model at a variety of temperature
 Some topics will be discussed:
o Inputting Linear Material Property Values
o Inputting Nonlinear Material Property Values
o Inputting Nonlinear Material Property Curves
o Inputting Linear Temperature-Dependent Material Property
o Inputting Nonlinear Temperature-Dependent Material Property
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Nonlinear Material Property
31
Nonlinear Material Property
Types of Nonlinear Materials
• Nonlinear elastic
• Bi-linear elasto-plastic
• Multi-linear plastic
• Hyperelastic
• Viscoelastic
Ex. Glass-fabric-
reinforced
polymer
32
Tangent Modulus:
• Tangent modulus is defined as the slope of a
line tangent to the stress-strain curve at a point
of interest.
• Tangent modulus can have different values
depending on the point at which it is
determined.
• Tangent modulus is equal to the Young's
Modulus when the point of tangency falls
within the linear range of the stress-strain curve
33
 Inputting Linear Material Property Values
MP, Lab, MAT, C0, C1, C2, C3, C4
MP,EX,1,7.31e10 ! Define Young's modulus (E=7.31e10): material #1
MP,PRXY,1,0.33 ! Define Poisson's ratio (v=0.33): material #1
 Inputting Nonlinear Material Property Values
TB, Lab, MAT, NTEMP, NPTS, TBOPT, EOSOPT, FuncName
Activates a data table for material properties or special element input
TBDATA, STLOC, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6

-----> used to define material property data values
34
TB, Lab, MAT, NTEMP, NPTS, TBOPT, EOSOPT, FuncName
TBDATA, STLOC, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6
-----> Defines data for the material data table
• STLOC is the starting location in the table where the data will be entered
• For example, if STLOC = 1, data input in the C1 field applies to the first table constant, C2
applies to the second table constant, etc. If STLOC=5, data input in the C1 field applies to
the fifth table constant, etc.
• Defaults to the last location filled + 1. The last location is reset to 1 with
each TB, TBTEMP, or TBFIELD command.
• C1, C2, C3, . . . , C6: Data values assigned to six locations starting with STLOC. If a value
is already in this location, it is redefined. A blank value leaves the existing value
unchanged.
35
Ex., Define the properties of aluminum 6061-T6 using a temperature-independent

bilinear isotropic hardening plasticity model (BISO)
/PREP7 ! Enter the Preprocessor
MP,EX,1,7.31e10 ! Define Young's modulus (E=7.31e10): material #1
TB,BISO,1,1,2 ! Activate data table for BISO: material #1;
! 1 temperature; 2 data points per temperature
TBDATA,,275e6,1.25e9 ! C1 (yield stress)=275e6, C2 (tan modulus)=1.25e9
36
Inputting Nonlinear Material Property Curves
• The properties of some materials cannot be defined with a few constants. In these
cases, multiple data points (exp., curves) are needed to define material behavior.
• To define nonlinear material property curves: TB and TBPT commands
i) The TB command is again used to specify:
- the material model,
- the material reference number,
- the number of temperatures that will be supplied,
- the number of data points that will be supplied.
ii) The TBPT command is then used to define new values for those data points.
TBPT, Oper, X1, X2, X3, ..., XN.
The OPER: either DEFI (define a new data point) or DELE (delete an existing data point)
37
Example: Use of commands to produce the material model shown in Fig. 5.7

MP,EX,1,14.665E6 ! Define Young's modulus (E=14.665E6): material #1
TB,MISO,1,1,5, ! MISO data table, mat #1, 1 temp, 5 data points
TBPT,DEFI,0,29.33E3 ! New data points: Strain=0; Stress=29.33e3
TBPT,DEFI,1.59E-3,50E3 ! New data points: Strain=1.59e-3; Stress=50e3
38
Inputting Linear Temperature-Dependent Material Property
Temperature-dependent material model for ASTM A572 Grade

50 steel with multi-linear isotropic hardening
39
Inputting Linear Temperature-Dependent Material Property
Define linear, quadratic, cubic, or quartic temperature-dependent material properties
Property = 𝐶𝐶0 + 𝐶𝐶1 𝑇𝑇 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑇𝑇 2 + 𝐶𝐶3 𝑇𝑇 3 + 𝐶𝐶4 𝑇𝑇 4
Where,
- C0, C1, C2, C3, and C4 are coefficients;
- T is temperature;
- The five coefficients are supplied as the final 5 arguments of the MP command.
- If only C0 is supplied by the user, only C0 is stored in the database. In this case, the
other coefficients are assumed to be zero and the material is treated as
temperature-Independent.
40
- if any value for C1 though C4 is supplied, ANSYS creates a table using the
temperatures defined by the current MPTEMP command and calculates the
associated properties using the polynomial equation;
- Specifying Temperature Dependence:
 The MPTEMP command is used to define a temperature table for linear
material properties;
 MPTEMP, STLOC, T1, T2,T3, T4, T5, T6
Where,
- STLOC is the starting location in the table where the data will be entered;
- T1, T2,T3, T4, T5, T6 arguments are the temperatures to be defined.
41
- Specifying Temperature Dependence:
 MPTEMP, STLOC, T1, T2,T3, T4, T5, T6
 MPDATA, Lab, MAT, STLOC,C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6.
 Used to supply the material property data associated with those temperatures
 Up to 6 temperatures may be defined with a single MPTEMP
 up to 6 data points may be defined with a single MPDATA
 The commands may be repeated as often as needed
 Example: Define the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity
MPTEMP,1,310,365,420,530,645,750 ! Define temps for mat #1
MPDATA,KXX,1,,0.055,0.059,0.063,0.075,0.089,0.104 ! Define KXXs for mat #1
42
To change the temperature table, you must issue a blank MPTEMP command
(MPTEMP,,,,,,,,).
Linear Material Properties

Example: Define non-temperature-dependent Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio for
aluminum 6061-T6.
MPTEMP,,,,,,,, ! Clear existing material temperature table
MPTEMP,1,0 ! New material temperature table: temp = 0
MPDATA,EX,1,,7.31e10 ! Define Young's modulus (E-7.31e10): material #1
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.33 ! Define Poisson's ratio (v=0.33): material #1
43
Inputting Nonlinear Temperature-Dependent Material Property Data
• To define temperature-dependent nonlinear material properties --- >
TB, TBTEMP, and TBDATA or TBPT commands.
• Example: Define the material model above from for two temperatures: 0C and 500C
44
MPTEMP,1,0,500 ! New temperature data table, temp1=0, temp2=500
MPDATA,EX,1,,14.665E6,12.423e6 ! Define Young's modulus for both temperatures
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.3 ! Define Poisson's ratio for both temperatures
TB,PLASTIC,1,2,5,MISO ! Plastic MISO data table, mat #1, 2 temps, 5 pts
TBTEMP,0 ! Define temperature = 0 for TBPT command
TBTEMP,500 ! Define temperature = 500 for TBPT command
TBPT,DEFI,3.76E-3,40.3E3 ! New data points: Strain=3.76e-3, Stress=40.3e3
TBPT,DEFI,6.48E-3,43.7E3 ! New data points: Strain=6.48e-3; Stress=43.7e3
45
Example 1: Temperature-Dependent Plasticity Analysis
of a Plate with a Central Hole ((Textbook [1], page 163)
• A linear elastic material model at room temperature
• An elastic-plastic material model at a variety of temperatures
• Data: 2024-T6 aluminum, 15 cm wide and 10 cm tall, hole is 2 cm in diameter
46
Temperature-Dependent Plasticity Analysis of a Plate with a Central Hole
FINISH
/CLEAR
RECTNG,0,0.15,0,0.1 ! Create a rectangle that is 0.15 x 0.1 m
CYL4,0.075,0.05,0.01 ! Create a circle centered at (0.075,0.05)
ASBA,1,2 ! Subtract area 2 (circle) from area 1 ! (rect.)
ET,1,PLANE182 ! Use PLANE182 elements
MPTEMP,,,,,,,, ! Clear any existing temperature tables
MPTEMP,1,25,100,149,204,260,316 ! Define temperatures for data table
MPDATA,EX,1,1,7.33e10,7.22e10,6.57e10,6.04e10,5.50e10,5.02e10 ! Define Young's modulus for 2024-T6 Al
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.33,.33,.33,.33,.33,.33 ! Define Poisson's ratio for 2024-T6 ! aluminum
SMRT,3 ! Element size determined by Smart Size of 3
AMESH,ALL ! Mesh all areas
47
LSEL,S,LOC,X,0.05,0.1 ! Select the lines in the plate center by x
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,0.025,0.075 ! Select the lines in the plate center by y
LREFINE,ALL,,,1,1,1,1 ! Refine the mesh attached to the selected
AREFINE,ALL,,,3,0,1,1 ! Refine the mesh for all areas in the plate
FINISH ! Finish and Exit Preprocessor
/SOLU ! Enter the Solution Processor
LSEL,S,LOC,X,0 ! Select the line at x=0
DL,ALL,,UX,0 ! Constrain the line from movement in x
KSEL,S,LOC,X,0 ! Select the keypoints at x=;0
KSEL,R,LOC,Y,0 ! Reselect the keypoint at (0,0)
DK,ALL,UY,0 ! Constrain the keypoint from movement in y
LSEL,S,LOC,X,0.15 ! Select the line at x=0.15
SFL,ALL,PRES,-200e6 ! Apply a pressure of -200e6 Pa to the line
ALLSEL,ALL ! Select everything in the model
TIME,1 ! Set time=1
TUNIF,25 ! Set model temperature=25 C
SOLVE ! Solve problem
FINISH ! Finish and Exit Solution
48
/POST1 ! Enter the General Postprocessor

PLNSOL,S,EQV, ! Plot equivalent (von Mises) stress
FINISH ! Finish and Exit the Postprocessor
SAVE ! Save the database
The yield stress of 2024-T6 aluminum at room

temperature is 413 MPa. However, the result shows that
the maximum equivalent stress for this model is 632 MPa.
This value is well above the yield stress and confirms that
a nonlinear solution is necessary. To accurately model the
deformation of and stresses within the plate, you must
supply nonlinear material properties and perform a
plasticity analysis.
49
FINISH
/CLEAR
RECTNG,0,0.15,0,0.1 ! Create a rectangle that is 0.15 x 0.1 m
CYL4,0.075,0.05,0.01 ! Create a circle centered at (0.075,0.05)
ASBA,1,2 ! Subtract area 2 (circle) from area 1 ! (rect.)
ET,1,PLANE182 ! Use PLANE182 elements
MPTEMP,,,,,,,, ! Clear any existing temperature tables
MPTEMP,1,25,100,149,204,260,316 ! Define temperatures for data table
MPDATA,EX,1,1,7.33e10,7.22e10,6.57e10,6.04e10,5.50e10,5.02e10 ! Define Young's modulus for 2024-T6 Al
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,.33,.33,.33,.33,.33,.33 ! Define Poisson's ratio for 2024-T6 ! aluminum
50
TB,BKIN,1,6,2,1 ! Bilinear plasticity with kinematic ! hardening ! Use 6 temperatures

TBTEMP,25 ! First temperature is 25 C
TBDATA,,4.13e8,4.56e9 ! Yield stress and plastic modulus at 25 C
TBTEMP,100 ! Second temperature is 100 C
TBDATA,,394e6,4.15e9 ! Yield stress and plastic modulus at 100 C
TBTEMP,149 ! Third temperature is 149 C
TBTEMP,204 ! Fourth temperature is 204 C
TBTEMP,260 ! Fifth temperature is 260 C
TBTEMP,316 ! Sixth temperature is 316 C
TBDATA,,67e6,0 ! Yield stress and plastic modulus at 316 C
51
SMRT,3 ! Element size determined by Smart Size of 3

LSEL,S,LOC,X,0.05,0.1 ! Select the lines in the plate center by x
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,0.025,0.075 ! Select the lines in the plate center by y
LREFINE,ALL,,,1,1,1,1 ! Refine the mesh attached to the selected
AREFINE,ALL,,,3,0,1,1 ! Refine the mesh for all areas in the plate
FINISH ! Finish and Exit Preprocessor
LSEL,S,LOC,X,0 ! Select the line at x=0
DL,ALL,,UX,0 ! Constrain the line from movement in x
KSEL,S,LOC,X,0 ! Select the keypoints at x=;0
KSEL,R,LOC,Y,0 ! Reselect the keypoint at (0,0)
DK,ALL,UY,0 ! Constrain the keypoint from movement in y
LSEL,S,LOC,X,0.15 ! Select the line at x=0.15
SFL,ALL,PRES,-200e6 ! Apply a pressure of -200e6 Pa to the line
TIME,1 ! Set time=1
SOLVE ! Solve problem
52
Four lines being plotted are:

- F L2 (the L2 norm of the reaction force variable);
- F Crit (the convergence criterion for the reaction force);
- U L2 (the L2 norm of the displacement);
- U Crit (the convergence criterion for the displacement).
53
PLNSOL,U,SUM,2,1 ! Plot deformation w/undeformed edge
PLNSOL,EPPL,EQV,2,1 ! Plot von Mises plastic strain
• Central hole has been elongated and

that the plate has become both longer
and narrower.
• The maximum total displacement in
this model is 0.446 mm
54
The maximum equivalent

stress for this model is 437
MPa. This is just above the
yield stress (413 MPa) and
much lower than the value
predicted by the elasticity
analysis (632 MPa)
55
The maximum von Mises plastic

strain for this model is 0.487%. All
plastic deformation is occurring just
above and below the central hole.
56
/TIME,1 ! Set time=1
SOLVE ! Solve the current model (25 C)
TIME,2 ! Set time=2
TIME,3 ! Set time=3
TIME,4 ! Set time=4
57
Example 2: 3D Thermal Model With Geometric Discontinuities
A steady-state thermal analysis of a metal bar with

sharp geometric discontinuities that has been modeled
using continuum elements. The bar is made of high
carbon steel with a thermal conductivity of 40 W/mK.
The middle section of the bar is 40x40x40 cm. The
outer sections of the bar are 20x20x60 cm. 500,000
W/m3 of heat is generated over a volume of 5x5x5 cm
in the center of the bar. The temperatures of the two
ends of the bar are fixed at 100C.
The goal of this analysis is to visualize the temperature

and heat flux distributions in the bar and to determine
the maximum temperature in the system
58
/tilte 3D Thermal Model
/clear
K,1,-0.2,-0.2 ! Create a keypoint at (-0.2,-0.2)
K,4,-0.2,0.025 ! Create a keypoint at (-0.2,0.025)
L,1,2 ! Create a line between keypoints 1 and 2
K,9,0.025,0.2 ! Create a keypoint at (0.025,0.2)
ADRAG,1,2,3,4,5,,6,7,8,9,10 ! Drag lines 1–5 along lines 6–10
NUMMRG,ALL ! Merge all entities
59
NUMCMP,LINE ! Compress entity numbering
! Create volumes for the model geometry
VEXT,ALL,,,0,0,0.025 ! Extrude all areas by 0.025 in z direction
ASEL,S,LOC,Z,0 ! Select areas at z=0
VEXT,ALL,,,0,0,-0.025 ! Extrude selected areas by -0.025 in z dir.
ASEL,S,LOC,Z,0.025 ! Select areas at z=0.025
VEXT,ALL,,,0,0,0.175 ! Extrude selected areas by 0.175 in z dir.
ASEL,S,LOC,Z,-0.025 ! Select areas at z=-0.025
ASEL,S,LOC,X,-0.1,0.1 ! Select areas between x=-0.1 and 0.1
ASEL,R,LOC,Y,-0.1,0.1 ! Reselect areas between y=-0.1 and 0.1
ASEL,R,LOC,Z,0.2 ! Reselect areas at z =0.2
VEXT,ALL,,,0,0,0.6 ! Extrude selected areas by 0.6 in z dir.
ASEL,S,LOC,X,-0.1,0.1 ! Select areas between x=-0.1 and 0.1
ASEL,R,LOC,Y,-0.1,0.1 ! Reselect areas between y=-0.1 and 0.1
ASEL,R,LOC,Z,-0.2 ! Reselect areas at z =-0.2
60
ALLSEL,ALL ! Select everything

NUMMRG,ALL ! Merge all entities in the model (again)
ET,1,70 ! Use SOLID70 elements
MP,KXX,1,40 ! Define thermal conductivity
ESIZE,0.025 ! Use an element edge length of 0.025 m
VMESH,ALL ! Mesh the model
/SOL ! Enter the Solution processor

VSEL,S,LOC,X,-0.025,0.025 ! Select volumes between x=-0.025 and 0.025
VSEL,R,LOC,Y,-0.025,0.025 ! Reselect volumes between y=-0.025 and 0.025
VSEL,R,LOC,Z,-0.025,0.025 ! Reselect volumes between z=-0.025 and 0.025
BFV,ALL,HGEN,500000 ! Apply heat generation of 500,000 to volumes
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.8 ! Select all nodes at z=0.8
D,ALL,TEMP,100 ! Set the temperature of those nodes to 100
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,-0.8 ! Select all nodes at z=-0.8
D,ALL,TEMP,100 ! Set the temperature of those nodes to 100
ALLSEL,ALL ! Select everything
SOLVE ! Solve the model
61

! Post processing commands for step 9
/GRAPHICS,POWER ! Turn PowerGraphics on
PLNSOL, TEMP,, 0 ! Plot the nodal temperature in the model
/GRAPHICS,FULL ! Turn on Full Graphics
PLNSOL, TEMP,, 0 ! Plot the nodal temperature in the model
/GRAPHICS,POWER ! Turn PowerGraphics on
PLNSOL, TF,SUM, 0 ! Plot the nodal heat flux vector sum
/GRAPHICS,FULL ! Turn on Full Graphics
PLNSOL, TF,SUM, 0 ! Plot the nodal heat flux vector sum
62
Temperature with PowerGraphics (left) and Full Graphics (right)
63
Example 3: Pipe Flange Using Symmetry
• Model of a pipe flange: The pipe and the flange are made from high carbon steel with
a thermal conductivity of 40 W/mK. The pipe is a hollow cylinder 25 cm long, with
an inner radius of 8.75 cm and an outer radius of 10 cm. The flange is a hollow
cylinder 2.5 cm thick, with an inner radius of 10 cm and an outer radius of 25 cm.
The bolt holes are located 20 cm from the center of the flange. They are spaced at an
interval of 30 degrees and have a radius of 1.25 cm
• The fluid inside the pipe is assumed to be at 95oC (368 K)
with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 1000 W/m2K.
• The pipe is cooled via natural convection with a heat
transfer coefficient of 20 W/m2K. The surrounding air is at
25C (298 K).
• The goal is to find the steady-state temperature distribution
and thermal flux in the pipe flange.
64
FINISH
/CLEAR
/VIEW,1,1,1,1 ! Set view to isometric (1,1,1)
CYLIND,0.1,0.0875,0,0.25,0,90 ! Create the pipe volume
CYLIND,0.25,0.0875,0,0.025,0,90 ! Create the flange volume
VOVLAP,ALL ! Overlap the created volumes
CM,PIPEFLANGE,VOLU ! Create a component of the volumes
VSEL,NONE ! Unselect all volumes
CYL4,0,0.2,0.0125,,,,.05 ! Create a volume for the first bolt hole
CSYS,1 ! Change to global cylindrical CS
VGEN,4,ALL,,,,-30,,,0 ! Generate volumes for the other bolt holes
VSEL,ALL ! Select all volumes
65
VSBV,PIPEFLANGE,ALL ! Subtract bolt hole cylinders from flange
ET,1,SOLID87 ! Use SOLID87 elements
MP,KXX,1,40 !Define thermal conductivity for material#1
SMRT,1 ! Use Element Smart Size of 1
VMESH,ALL ! Mesh all areas
EREF,ALL,,,1,0,1,1 ! Refine mesh for all elements
LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.025 ! Select all lines at z=0.025
CSYS,1 ! Change to cylindrical coordinate system
LSEL,R,LOC,X,0.1 ! Reselect all lines at r=;0.1
LREFINE,ALL,,,3 ! Refine mesh at selected line (level 3)
66
ASEL,S,LOC,X,0.0875 ! Select all areas inside the pipe radius
SFA,ALL,1,CONV,1000,95 ! Apply heat convection to all selected areas
KSEL,S,LOC,X,0.1,1 !SelectallkeypointsatthepipeODandbeyond
KSEL,R,LOC,Z,0.025,1 !Reselectkeypointsatflangetopandbeyond
KSEL,A,LOC,X,0.25 !Addthekeypointsattheflangeouterdiameter
LSLK,S,1 ! Select all lines defined by the key point set
ASLL,S,1 ! Select all areas defined by the line set
SFA,ALL,1,CONV,20,25 ! Apply heat convection to all selected areas
ALLSEL ! Select everything
SOLVE ! Solve the model
67
68
PLNSOL,TEMP ! Plot temperature contours in the model
PLVECT,TF,,,,VECT,ELEM,ON,0 ! Plot thermal flux vectors
VSEL,S,LOC,X,0.1,0.25 ! Select volume associated with the flange
ESLV,S ! Select the elements attached to the volume
PLNSOL,TEMP ! Plot temperature contours in the flange
ESEL,INVE ! Invert the selected element set
PLNSOL,TEMP ! Plot temperature contours in the pipe
ASEL,S,LOC,Z,0.25 ! Select the area at the hot end of the pipe
NSLA,S ! Select the nodes attached to the area
ESLN,S ! Select the elements attached to the nodes
/VIEW,1,,,1 ! Set view to front (0,0,1)
/AUTO,1 ! Fit the view to the Graphics Window
PLNSOL,TEMP ! Plot temperature contours
FINISH ! Finish and Exit Postprocessor
SAVE ! Save the database ! 69
PLNSOL,TEMP ! Plot temperature contours in the model
70
PLVECT,TF,,,,VECT,ELEM,ON,0 ! Plot thermal flux vectors
71
References
Textbook
1. Thompson, K. M., and Thompson J. M., ANSYS Mechanical APDL for Finite
Element Analysis. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017 (google book).
Reference texts
1. ANSYS Mechanical APDL Modeling and Meshing Guide. 2012.
2. ANSYS Mechanical APDL Introductory Tutorials. 2012
3. Larry J. Segerlind, Applied Finite Element Analysis, Second Edition, John Wiley
and Sons.
Software
1. Ansys Mechanical APDL
72
Computer Science for Mechanical Engineering
Thanh T. Tran, Ph.D.,

Lecturer cum Academic Coordinator
Mechanical Engineering Program
Vietnemse-German University
73

Lecture 6 Ansys Mechanical APDL Advanced Examples

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Lecture 6 Ansys Mechanical APDL Advanced Examples

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Lecture 6:

1. Microscope Support System

3. Design of Auger screw Conveyor

4. Temperature-Dependent Material Property

5. Pipe Flange Using Symmetry

• Plot deformed shape.

Maximum Stress in xy plane

Design analysis for Injection molding

- Extrusion Hopper Design

𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒𝑒 , 𝜌𝜌---- > mass

Paper: ”Design and Analysis of screw conveyor”

Design analysis for Injection molding

Chains & Gears

Motor Selections Ex. 10 hp

- Extrusion Auger Shaft Design

Stress & Strains

TBDATA, STLOC, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6

Ex., Define the properties of aluminum 6061-T6 using a temperature-independent

/PREP7 ! Enter the Preprocessor

Temperature-dependent material model for ASTM A572 Grade

Linear Material Properties

/POST1 ! Enter the General Postprocessor

The yield stress of 2024-T6 aluminum at room

TB,BKIN,1,6,2,1 ! Bilinear plasticity with kinematic ! hardening ! Use 6 temperatures

SMRT,3 ! Element size determined by Smart Size of 3

Four lines being plotted are:

• Central hole has been elongated and

The maximum equivalent

The maximum von Mises plastic

A steady-state thermal analysis of a metal bar with

The goal of this analysis is to visualize the temperature

ALLSEL,ALL ! Select everything

/SOL ! Enter the Solution processor

/POST1 ! Enter the General Postprocessor

Temperature with PowerGraphics (left) and Full Graphics (right)

Thanh T. Tran, Ph.D.,

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