5/6/24, 9:44 PM Table - PMC

Table 6
Clinical signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies [40,42].
Edema Protein, vitamin B1
Folic acid, iron, biotin, vitamins
Skin Pallor
B12, B6
Decubitus Protein, energy
Vitamin B6, biotin, zinc, essential
Seborrheic dermatitis
fatty acids
Unhealed wounds Vitamin C, protein, zinc
Pallor or white coloring
Nails Clubbing, spoon-shape, or transverse ridging/banding; Iron, protein, vitamin B12
excessive dryness, darkness in nails, curved nail ends
Dull/lackluster; banding/sparse; alopecia; Protein and energy, biotin, copper,
Head/Hair
depigmentation of hair; scaly/flaky scalp essential fatty acid
Pallor conjunctiva Vitamin B12, folic acid, iron
Eyes Night vision impairment Vitamin A
Photophobia Zinc
Vitamins B2, B6, B12, niacin, iron,
Glossitis
folic acid
Gingivitis Vitamin C

Oral cavity Fissures, stomatitis Vitamin B2, iron, protein

Cheilosis Niacin, vitamins B2, B6, protein
Pale tongue Iron, vitamin B12
Atrophied papillae Vitamin B2, niacin, iron
Mental confusion Vitamins B1, B2, B12, water
Depression, lethargy Biotin, folic acid, vitamin C
Vitamins B1, B6, B12, pantothenic
Weakness, leg paralysis
acid
Nervous
Peripheral neuropathy Vitamins B2, B6, B12
system
Ataxia Vitamin B12
Hyporeflexia Vitamin B1
Muscle cramps Vitamin B6, calcium, magnesium
Fatigue Energy, biotin, magnesium, iron

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