If someone were interested in the causes of urbanization, would the passage or the graph be more

useful?

Urbanization and Its Implications

The definition of urbanization is the increasing share of a nation's population living in urban areas.
Most urbanization is the result of net rural to urban migration. A nation's urban population can grow
from natural increase or migration.

In 1900, worldwide, there were 6.7 rural dwellers for each urban dweller. Now there is less than one.
Projections suggest close to three urban dwellers for two rural dwellers by 2025. The rapid growth in
the world economy and the economically active population working in industry and services are
among the causes of urbanization.

Globally, agricultural production has managed to meet the demands from a rapid growth in the
proportion of the workforce not producing food. However, hundreds of millions of urban dwellers
face under-nutrition today. There is a very large urban population worldwide with incomes so low
that their health and nutritional status are at risk.

In 2008, the world's urban population exceeded its rural population for the first time. Less attention
has been given to two other transitions: around 1980, the economically active population employed
in industry and services exceeded that employed in agriculture, forestry, mining and fishing. Around
1940, the economic value generated by industry and services exceeded that generated by the
agriculture, forestry, mining and fishing. Today, agriculture provides the livelihoods for around
one-third of the world's labor force and generates 2–3% of global value added.

United Nations projections suggest that the world's urban population will grow by more than a billion
people between 2010 and 2025, while the rural population will hardly grow at all. It is likely that the
proportion of the global population not producing food will continue to grow, as will the number of
middle and upper income consumers whose dietary choices are more energy- and greenhouse gas
emission-intensive food.

Two key demographic changes currently under way are the decline in population growth rates and
the ageing of the population. An ageing population in wealthier nations may produce more people
that want to and can live in rural areas. However, this is best understood not as deurbanization but
as the urbanization of rural areas. Most urban dwellers who move to rural areas will also cluster
around urban centers with advanced medical services and other services that they want and value.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2935117/
 Source:
https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/visualizations/2016/comm/acs-rural-urban.p
df

The graph would be more useful.

B

The passage would be more useful.

C

Both the passage and the graph would be equally useful.

D

Neither the passage not the graph would be useful.

Which of the following statements best describes the style of both the passages?

An Excerpt from The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

The sun set; the dusk fell on the stream, and lights began to appear along the shore. The Chapman
light-house, a three-legged thing erect on a mud-flat, shone strongly. Lights of ships moved in the
fairway—a great stir of lights going up and going down. And farther west on the upper reaches the
place of the monstrous town was still marked ominously on the sky, a brooding gloom in sunshine, a
lurid glare under the stars.

“And this also,” said Marlow suddenly, “has been one of the dark places of the earth.”

He was the only man of us who still “followed the sea.” The worst that could be said of him was that
he did not represent his class. He was a seaman, but he was a wanderer, too, while most seamen
lead, if one may so express it, a sedentary life. Their minds are of the stay-at-home order, and their
home is always with them—the ship; and so is their country—the sea. One ship is very much like
another, and the sea is always the same. In the immutability of their surroundings the foreign shores,
the foreign faces, the changing immensity of life, glide past, veiled not by a sense of mystery but by a
slightly disdainful ignorance; for there is nothing mysterious to a seaman unless it be the sea itself,
which is the mistress of his existence and as inscrutable as Destiny. For the rest, after his hours of
work, a casual stroll or a casual spree on shore suffices to unfold for him the secret of a whole
continent, and generally he finds the secret not worth knowing. The yarns of seamen have a direct
simplicity, the whole meaning of which lies within the shell of a cracked nut. But Marlow was not
typical (if his propensity to spin yarns be excepted), and to him the meaning of an episode was not
inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale which brought it out only as a glow brings out a
haze, in the likeness of one of these misty halos that sometimes are made visible by the spectral
illumination of moonshine.

Source: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/219/219-h/219-h.htm

An Excerpt from Dubliners by James Joyce

Lily, the caretaker’s daughter, was literally run off her feet. Hardly had she brought one gentleman
into the little pantry behind the office on the ground floor and helped him off with his overcoat than
the wheezy hall-door bell clanged again and she had to scamper along the bare hallway to let in
another guest. It was well for her she had not to attend to the ladies also. But Miss Kate and Miss
Julia had thought of that and had converted the bathroom upstairs into a ladies’ dressing-room.
Miss Kate and Miss Julia were there, gossiping and laughing and fussing, walking after each other to
the head of the stairs, peering down over the banisters and calling down to Lily to ask her who had
come.

It was always a great affair, the Misses Morkan’s annual dance. Everybody who knew them came to
it, members of the family, old friends of the family, the members of Julia’s choir, any of Kate’s pupils
that were grown up enough, and even some of Mary Jane’s pupils too. Never once had it fallen flat.
For years and years it had gone off in splendid style as long as anyone could remember; ever since
Kate and Julia, after the death of their brother Pat, had left the house in Stoney Batter and taken
 Mary Jane, their only niece, to live with them in the dark gaunt house on Usher’s Island, the upper
part of which they had rented from Mr Fulham, the corn-factor on the ground floor. That was a good
thirty years ago if it was a day. Mary Jane, who was then a little girl in short clothes, was now the
main prop of the household, for she had the organ in Haddington Road. She had been through the
Academy and gave a pupils’ concert every year in the upper room of the Antient Concert Rooms.

Many of her pupils belonged to the better-class families on the Kingstown and Dalkey line. Old as
they were, her aunts also did their share. Julia, though she was quite grey, was still the leading
soprano in Adam and Eve’s, and Kate, being too feeble to go about much, gave music lessons to
beginners on the old square piano in the back room. Lily, the caretaker’s daughter, did housemaid’s
work for them. Though their life was modest they believed in eating well; the best of everything:
diamond-bone sirloins, three-shilling tea and the best bottled stout. But Lily seldom made a mistake
in the orders so that she got on well with her three mistresses. They were fussy, that was all. But the
only thing they would not stand was back answers.

Source: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2814/2814-h/2814-h.htm#link2H_4_0015

Both passages are written in an scientific style.

B

Both passages are written in a historical style.

C

Both passages are written in a mathematical style.

D

Both passages are written in a plain narrative style.

How would the author of the passage most likely respond to the assertion that President Truman did
not carefully consider the future of the Palestinian territory?

Creation of Israel, 1948

Although the United States supported the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which favored the
establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had assured
the Arabs in 1945 that the United States would not intervene without consulting both the Jews and
the Arabs in that region. The British, who held a colonial mandate for Palestine until May 1948,
opposed both the creation of a Jewish state and an Arab state in Palestine as well as unlimited
immigration of Jewish refugees to the region. Great Britain wanted to preserve good relations with
the Arabs to protect its vital political and economic interests in Palestine.
 Soon after President Truman took office, he appointed several experts to study the Palestinian issue.
In the summer of 1946, Truman established a special cabinet committee under the chairmanship of
Dr. Henry F. Grady, an Assistant Secretary of State, who entered into negotiations with a parallel
British committee to discuss the future of Palestine. In May 1946, Truman announced his approval of
a recommendation to admit 100,000 displaced persons into Palestine and in October publicly
declared his support for the creation of a Jewish state. Throughout 1947, the United Nations Special
Commission on Palestine examined the Palestinian question and recommended the partition of
Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state. On November 29, 1947 the United Nations adopted
Resolution 181 (also known as the Partition Resolution) that would divide Great Britain’s former
Palestinian mandate into Jewish and Arab states in May 1948 when the British mandate was
scheduled to end. Under the resolution, the area of religious significance surrounding Jerusalem
would remain a corpus separatum under international control administered by the United Nations.

Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/creation-israel

The author would point out that President Truman assigned several experts to study the issues.
B

The author would argue that because Great Britain had already carefully considered the issues, President
Truman felt that he did not need to.
C

The author would argue that Truman’s support for the creation of a Jewish state proved that he had
carefully considered the future of the territory.
D

The author would suggest that it was not President Truman’s responsibility to concern the United States
with the affairs of the Palestinian territory.