REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

&
ARTIFICIAL ORGAN

20 & 27 NOVEMBER 2023

DISEASES?
DISEASES

• An abnormal condition of an organism which interrupts the normal

bodily functions that often leads to feeling of pain and weakness.

• A health condition that has a specific set of symptoms and traits

• A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant,

especially one that has a known cause and a distinctive group of

symptoms, signs, or anatomical changes.

DISEASES

• Infectious/Non-infectious Diseases

• Communicable/Non-communicable Diseases

• Degenerative diseases
DISEASES

• Infectious/Communicable Diseases?
INFECTIOUS/COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

• Caused by infection from pathogens [bacteria/virus]

• Transmission

• Direct [body fluids]: HIV, Hepatitis, Syphilis

• Indirect [air, food, water, surface]: COVID-19, TB, Influenza

• Vector [mosquito]: Dengue, Malaria, West Nile, Chikungunya

DISEASES

• Non-infectious/Non-communicable Diseases?
NON-INFECTIOUS/NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES?
• Alzheimer’s disease • insomnia
• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) • jaundice in newborns
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) • kidney disease
• autism spectrum disorder (ASD) • lead poisoning
• Bell’s palsy • liver disease
• bipolar disorder • muscular dystrophy (MD)
• birth defects • myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
• cerebral palsy • myelomeningocele (spina bifida)
• cancers • Obesity
• chronic kidney disease • Osteoarthritis
• chronic pain • primary thrombocythemia
• chronic pancreatitis • psoriasis
• chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) • seizure disorder
• clotting/bleeding disorders • sickle cell anemia
• congenital hearing loss • sleep disorders
• Cooley’s anemia (also called beta thalassemia) • stress
• Crohn’s disease • systematic lupus erythematosus (lupus)
• depression • systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
• Down syndrome • temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder
• eczema • Tourette syndrome (TS)
• epilepsy • traumatic brain injury (TBI)
• fetal alcohol syndrome • ulcerative colitis
• fibromyalgia • vision impairment
• fragile X syndrome (FXS) • von Willebrand disease (VWD)
• hemochromatosis
• haemophilia
• inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
DEGENERATIVE DISEASES

• a disease characterized by progressive degenerative changes in

tissue

• degeneration of an organ, a system or the body due to the

degeneration of the cells

• a disease characterized by the worsening condition due to the

deterioration of the function and structure of the affected body

part, thus causing disability, mortality, and morbidity

DEGENERATIVE DISEASES: RISK FACTORS

• Aging

• Genetics [Mutation]

• Trauma

• Lifestyle [Diet, Exercise]

AGING

• At the cellular level, a cell is aging when it loses its ability to

divide and remain metabolically active.

• At the tissue and organ level, an aged biological structure is one that

eventually wears off. Their structure and function are no longer as

potent as they were when they were young.

• Telomeres shorten with age and progressive telomere shortening leads to

senescence and/or apoptosis. Shorter telomeres have also been

implicated in genomic instability and oncogenesis.

• Accumulation of reactive oxygen species [oxidative stress]

DEGENERATIVE DISEASES
• Musculoskeletal
• Degenerative intervertebral
disc
• Osteoarthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Neurodegenerative
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Parkinson’s disease
• Huntington’s disease
• Amytrophic lateral sclerosis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Cancers
• Cardiovascular [Coronary
artery disease]
• Atherosclerosis
• ischemic cardiomyopathy
• angina pectoris
• Sensory
• Macular degeneration [Eye]
• Age-related hearing loss
[presbycusis]
• Endocrine
• Diabetes [pancreas]
• Cirrhosis [liver]
• Renal degenerative disease
[kidney]
CANCERS?
CANCERS

• XX
CANCER/TUMOR?
CANCER/TUMOR?
CANCER/TUMOR?
APOPTOSIS?
APOPTOSIS: PROGRAMMABLE CELL DEATH
APOPTOSIS: PROGRAMMABLE CELL DEATH
APOPTOSIS: PROGRAMMABLE CELL DEATH
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

• Screening

• Diagnostics

• Prognosis

• Preventive Treatment

• Curative/Therapeutic Treatment

• Rehabilitation
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE TREATMENTS

• Prolotherapy

• Platelet rich plasma

• Cartilage regeneration

• Stem cell treatment

• Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Prolotherapy
Platelet rich plasma
Cartilage regeneration
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE TREATMENTS
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
TISSUE ENGINEERING

• Stem Cells

• [Controlled] Proliferation & [Directed] Differentiation

• Signal/Trigger/Stimulus [Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical]

• Extracellular Matrix

• Scaffold

• Growth Factor

• Nutrients

• Bioreactor
FUTURE OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Questions?
GROUP PRESENTATION

• PREPARE A ~10 MINUTES PRESENTATION ON:

• A DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• CURRENT TREATMENT
• CURRENT UPDATE OF RELATED REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
• TECHNICALITY
• CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIVES

• PRESENTED ON 27TH NOVEMBER

SUMMARY

• Apa yang dimaksud dengan penyakit infectious/communicable dan non-infectious/non-

communicable? Sertakan contoh masing-masing dalam penjelasan. [10]

• Apa yang dimaksud dengan apoptosis dan nekrosis? Bagaimana mekanismenya di dalam sel?

[10]

• Apa yang dimaksud dengan kanker dan tumor? Bagaimana penanganannya masing-masing? [10]

• Apa yang dimaksud dengan pengobatan regeneratif? Apa yang membedakannya dengan metode

pengobatan lain? [10]

• Apa saja jenis sel punca? Bagaimana cara memperolehnya? [10]

End of session