Hussein Bicar

“He is not a single ar�st, he is a master of several arts. He is a painter, photographer, poet, musician, and philosopher”.
Hussein Amin Bicar (1913 in Alexandria – November 2002 in Cairo) is one of Egypt’s most prominent ar�sts of the 20th
century. He belongs to the second genera�on of Egyp�an ar�sts. He loved music since his childhood.
He joined the College of Fine Arts in 1928, and he was 15 years old at the �me, becoming one of the first Egyp�an
students to enroll there. He developed himself as a painter of folkloric scenes. In 1943, he became the assistant of his former The Green Planet
professor Ahmed Sabry. Hussein Amin Bicar was a prominent Egyp�an ar�st who popularized comics.
90x78cm
His artwork stood out because of its fine, sophis�cated drawings. He is one of the earliest Arabic children's book
illustrators. Bicar's work was read by millions and thus he influenced genera�ons of Egyp�an comic ar�sts. He was also founder
of the long-running Egyp�an comic magazine Sinbad.

Characteris�cs of his style

• Bicar has a unique skill in drawing the features of a personal portrait. He immerses himself in the character he draws in a
style that tends to be simplis�c and economical in color tones.

Portrait of Mrs Marie-Claire Tubaert Man Portrait

oil on panel 79.1x59.1cm Oil on paper mounted on panel 35x25cm

Portrait of Gamil Abdel Moity Self-Potrait

oil on canvas, framed 98x78cm oil on panel 37x31cm

• Nubia was loved by ar�st and professor Bicar, who loved its people and nature ever since he set foot on its land in the six�es.
This appeared clearly in his works.

A Drinking Fountain in Nubia Nubian House

oil on paper laid on panel 38.5x29cm oil on board 100x73cm

Landscape in Nubia Fellaha in Aswan

oil on board 26x46cm oil on board 43x54cm

 • An avid music lover, Bicar played lute and oud. And that was obvious in his works.

Rebab Player
The Tamboura Player
gouache on paper, framed 32x14cm
oil on board 59x49cm

The Semsemia Players A Nubian Dance

oil on canvas 50x70cm acrylic on panel 54x42.9cm

• Depicts scenes from everyday life in Egypt especially Nubia.

oil on canvas
Harvest I
50.2x60cm
oil on canvas laid down on board 99.1x53cm

 Design decisions:
 The external mass gives the illusion of musical melody with calm movement, with the overlapping of colors inspired by Bicar’s
artwork, where harmony is achieved.
 The internal presenta�on does not depend only on the visual element, but also with the overlapping of the audio element by
achieving harmony between art and music.

References:
• htps://www.mutualart.com/Ar�st/Hussein-Bicar/0F45A54167841579/Artworks
• htps://da�eirut.org/en/hussein-bicar
• htps://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/81383/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1?lang=ar
• htps://www.artnet.com/ar�sts/hussein-bikar/
• htp://hbicar.com/biography.html
 Design Criteria
Main Entrance
• shape: -
- The entrance must be related to the artist inspired by his philosophy.
Function and Users
• Function: -
-Entry and reception.
• Users: -
-Visitors, artists, and exhibition staff.
Space Requirements - The plaza should be placed as a prelude to direct visitors to the main
entrance and be part of the form .
• It includes a lobby with its services.
• It connects different spaces without
interference.

-People with special needs must be given attention .

• It is preferable to contain two entrances (public -

service).

- Confirm the approach by controlling the path, making it projected, or recessed,

or flush, or enlarged its size.

• Surface area about 225 m².

• Its width must not be less than 3 meters.
• Located on the main axis.
• The ceiling is high.
• Openings: -
- Doors have two sashes at least 1.5 meters wide.
- The shapes of the windows vary depending on the design.
• Site: -
- It may open and overlook a stunning view or something of value.
• The appropriate space for each seat in the cafeteria - It is connected to the external exhibition hall.
is 1.1-1.5 m². - Easy to see and identify. - Close to the main street.
• For men, there is a toilet for every 75 people, a
• It takes great importance in the design in terms of shape, size and location,
urinal for every 100 people, and a sink for every 250
people. For women, there is a toilet for every 75
and its area is proportional to the size of the exhibition and the visitors.
people and a sink for every 250 people.
• Minimum kitchenette area is 3 m².
• It must be spacious, attractive, and available
with ventilation and lighting.

Equipment and Requirements Spatial Relations

• reception desk.

• Waiting seats. • Cafeteria dining

tables.
Design Options

EX.1 Gallery of The Imprint EX.2 Gallery of Yifang Art Center EX.3 White Block Gallery

EX.4 Gallery of Steel Art EX.5 Shuyang Art Gallery EX.6 Gallery of AD Classics

IN.1 IN.2 IN.3

• https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/6603230/mod_resource/content/1/Bayer_Herbert_1961_Aspects_of_Design_of_Exhi
bitions_and_Museums.pdf
• https://books.google.com.eg/books?hl=en&lr=&id=CalHMBYjdpoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA6&dq=design+of+exhibitions+&ots=R
MTqZ_W--t&sig=9aon89d25L7QdbAOzaUh3qWpicM&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/15710880701311502?needAccess=true
• Nuefert Book
• Time Saver Book
 Design Criteria

1-Walls and sections are placed to create distinct areas for artistic works,
and attention must be paid to lines of vision and points of contact to guide
The main exhibition hall visitors.

Function and Users

2-Types of movement paths:

Users: workers, Artists and General Visitors

Function: Displaying works of art by the main artist,

Cultural Enrichment

3-Industrial lighting:
• Types of industrial lighting for paintings is:

Space Requirements

As for the main hall, it will display the artwork of artist

Hussein Bikar, most of whose works were brightly ``
colored oil paintings.
Which is according to the type of paintings and colors.
1-The main exhibition hall area = 600 m2
• The angle of light fall on the artwork is calculated to get the best
The height of the main exhibition hall is not less than
vision.
6m.

4-Natural lighting:

Natural lighting is based from the ceiling, but the sunlight must be treated so
that it is indirect lighting in the hall.
2-The space between each painting and the other .5 -1 m

5-Entrance to the exhibition hall

3-The lowest width of corridors containing a one-sided
The link between the main entrance and the main hall, which must provide a
Board =2.5m
smooth and attractive entry into the hall.
Equipment and Requirements Spatial Relations

1- Walls or partitions: on which artworks are attached

and there are movement paths for visitors.

Painting carriers that don't

necessarily must be walls may be.

2- Methods of displaying modern paintings :The ground

and walls must be prepared to receive the walls located
above through the projection machines used.

3-Furniture and Seating: Seats should be provided inside

the showroom to encourage visitors to relax and
meditate.

Design Options

Temporary exhibition halls
Function and Users
Group of users: visitors, artists and laborers
Zone Function: Presentation of artwork
Space Requirements
Temporary display hall with an area 300 meters The per capita space allocation in a
Person occupies from space 2 meters
Design Criteria
Controlled light
Use artificial light and different colored
walls
Types of lighting 1. side
lighting: the wall in
which they are placed 2.Top lighting: A freer and steadier supply of light and The
and the opposite is possibility of regulating the amount of light cast on the
rendered useless pictures or other exhibits and of securing full and uniform
lighting
Floor: Choose durable and easy to clean ground materials that can
withstand high foot traffic and accidental spills, such as vinyl, carpet tile or
solid wood.
Walls: Use lightweight temporary wall panels or sections for flexibility
in creating separate display areas or dividing space as needed.
temporary exhibition space can vary
depending on several factors such as the
type of event, the layout of the exhibition
hall, the number of exhibitors, and the
expected attendance

Ceiling height depends on the hight of exhibits Energy efficiency: Choose energy-saving lighting
technologies such as LED fixtures to reduce power
Aisle widths typically range from 3 to 6 meters
consumption and operating costs during the
depending on the expected traffic volume. exhibition period.

Equipment and Requirements Spatial Relations

Furniture has to be non-static moving to suit different types of displays

Design Options

Main and sides labyrinth linear

Round and side complex
Entrances and exits: design at least 2 entrances and emergency embarrassment
Ensure access for all visitors, including persons with disabilities

Structure design to
allow easy assembly,
dismantling and
reconfiguration to
accommodate
different exhibition
layouts and
requirements.
 Design Criteria
Outdoor exhibition
Function and Users
Users: Administrators – Staff – Visitors.
Function: showcasing, engagement between visitors, organizers and the
creators, Promotion and Marketing, entertainment and leisure opportunities,
Cultural Enrichment.
usually, open air exhibition used to show very high sculptures and booths,
may include events with large number of people
• An exhibition display that has been built for outdoor use will be
protected against the elements by way of durable materials and on
display board faces the wind load
• Green places provide sense of balance architecturally and
psychologically, stress alleviation
• 20% of the outer space shaded at least
• Sculptors and exhibits showing options provides the
circulation

Space Requirements

• According to Bicar’s landscape

paintings, the landscape area and the plaza would be
dynamic characterized

• Avoid placing boards too high or too low, as this can make it
challenging for some visitors to engage with the content.
• spacing between land scape elements

• By using bicar the wight color in most of his paintings w

can use white flagstone landscape which can refer to
aswan’s hills
• Water materials like fountains or the artiftial lakes

• Walkways: A minimum width of

3-5 feet is recommended for pedestrian traffic.
• Booth Spacing: A distance of at least 10-15 feet between booths is
typically recommended

• gathering plaza to the entrance

• Smooth simple lines

of design inspired by
bicar
Equipment and Requirements Spatial Relations
1. Signage and wayfinding

Administration

2. Weather Protection such as

tents, tarps or Canopies
Visitor
service
Main
entrance
3. Lighting for evening
events or to highlight specific
exhibits.
Outdoor
4. Display Boards or Panels
5. Benches and chairs Exhibition
parking
6. fountains

Direct

Indirect

Design Options
 Design Criteria
Multi-purporse Hall
Function and Users 1. Ventilation:
Ventilation is through the air inlet from
Users:Artists– Staff – Visitors the ceiling and side walls, while the air
Function: offers possibilities to host great concerts, outlet is from Under the spectator seats
balls, banquets, and theatre performances, as well as
Seminar and Auctions

Space Requirements 2. Lighting

1. Natural light: ribbon
• A multipurpose room does not depend on a windows- corner and end
specific area, as it can be designed to any size as lightnings - clearstory
needed. However, the minimum area is usually 2. Artificial light
108 square meters, to ensure that the hall is large
enough to accommodate a variety of events.
• The height of the hall is between 6.60m and 7.30m
and it cannot exceed 10 meters. 3.Wall Design: The back
walls of the hall be
straight, not concave, and
should not feature multiple colors. This is likely to create a
more consistent sound reflection and absorption across the
space
4.Sound Insulation and Dispersal:
The walls should be constructed with
sound-insulating layers and covered
with materials that disperse sound
5.Flexibility:
The hall should be versatile, accommodating exhibitions,
lectures, performances, workshops, and
receptions. This may include movable
walls, adaptable seating, and flexible
lighting/sound systems.
6.Accessibility:
The hall should be accessible to all visitors,
including those with disabilities.

Equipment and Requirements Spatial Relations

Foldable chairs

Projection
screen

Lighting system

curtains

Sound system
And stage
Design Options

https://www.slideshare.net/NadaElsaed/exhibition-design-249565584
https://www.archdiwanya.com/2022/04/Daylight-Systems.html
https://www.slideshare.net/ritikchaudhary15/case-studypptx-252057377
https://www.slideshare.net/ritikchaudhary15/literature-review-in-museum-and-art-gallery-design
https://www.archdaily.com/779988/multipurpose-hall-forum-karlin-atelier-8000
 Design Criteria
Studio gallery 1. Light:
Natural light (north light):use blinds or curtains to control it.
Function and Users
Artificial light.
Users: Artists – Staff – Workers
Function: Painting – Pottery (ceramics)
– Sculpture – Origami – Woodworking

Space Requirements

2. Storage:
Shelves, cabinets, and drawers should accommodate various-sized materials.
3. Work Surfaces:
Tables or easels should be adjustable for different
working heights, and the floor should be easy to
clean in case of spills.

• the studio sizes range from 70 sq
ft to 810 sq ft, with the most
common size being around 120-
150 sq ft.
• in general, a ceiling height of at
least 9 to 10 feet is
recommended for art studios.
This provides enough space for
adequate lighting, ventilation,
storage, and flexibility in how
the space is used.
4. 24-hour access
The studio should be easily
accessible from other parts of the building, with
wide doorways for moving large works of art.
5. Safety:
The studio should be free from hazards, with non-slip floors and properly secured
shelving. Fire safety equipment should also be easily accessible.
6. Flexibility:
This might include movable furniture, adjustable lighting, and flexible storage
solutions.
7. Sound isolation (surround studio audio system).

8. Ventilation:
Natural_ Artificial: Local exhaust ventilation
is usually preferred. it prevents any exposure
to the toxic materials.

Equipment and Requirements Spatial Relations

STUDIO EASELS

PROJECTORS

LIGHTING
STANDS

LIGHT BOXES

DRAWING
BOARDS

LOCKERS
Design Options
Type: private studio room Atelier
Users: Artists- workers- staff Artist- workers- staff- visitors

https://professionalartistmag.com/ventilating-your-studio/
https://hickmandesign.co.uk/blog/tips/setting-up-your-art-studio/#google_vignette
https://www.slideshare.net/NadaElsaed/exhibition-design-249565584
https://hickmandesign.co.uk/blog/tips/setting-up-your-art-studio/
https://www.jacksonsart.com/studio/studio-equipment
https://www.slideshare.net/7abebb/science-museum-80364618
 Design Criteria
Administration
Function and Users 1. Promote agility in the office: The workplace should reflect the
Users: director, staff members, artists, journalists. needs of the user, for this it must be provided with separated
areas for different users use get into it as staff, artists or
Function: 1. formulates ideas and curates content for journalists.
meetings, conferences and exhibitions. 2. Boost staff engagement: it should be provided with a space
2. Oversee planning, managing, and staging of where they can work effectively.
installations. 3. Get the lightning right : has a positive effect on productivity.
3. Develop strategic planning for exhibitions content 4. Bring nature inside: Biophilic design is proven to have a
development. positive effect on wellbeing and productivity, with studies
showing that the presence of plants can relieve stress levels by
37% and boost productivity by 15%.
Space Requirements

The Exhibition Director office: not less than 28 m2

without secretary’s room, not less than 35 m2 with
secretary's room.
Staff Offices: it’s area is not less than 10 m2
Meeting room: active area for the individual is about
3 m2.
Space Height: 4.5 m

Equipment and Requirements Spatial Relations

Desks, Chairs, Desk drawer.

staff
offices

main hall Admistration Entrance

direct
storage
room indirect

Design Options

References: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-some-suggestions-interior-design-ideas-admin-office-m-q6ckc/
https://www.oktra.co.uk/insights/top-10-tips-for-office-design/
Metric Handbook: offices section
 Design Criteria
Services Storage room:
1. Space shape: Any shape will be fine as long as it can hold the
Function and Users storage. Rectangular shapes are preferred.
2. Openings: Door 90-120 cm, windows aren’t needed.
3. Materials: powdered metal and acid-free materials, No wood
Users: director, staff members, visitors.
fixtures are used, which eliminates risk of insect infestation.
Function:
1. Storage room: Storing artworks Toilets:
2. Toilets: service 1.Size and shape of openings: regular cubicle door 70cm , special
cubicle door 900mm , Its windows must not vent under an occupiable
place, and the ventilation openings must be equipped with a protective
screen ((horizontal ventilation)).
2.Finishing materials: ceramic
Space Requirements

Toilets:
Toilet cubicle dimensions: 1600 x 800 mm
Special toilet cubicle dimensions: 1600 x 1200 mm
Storage room:
Space area: depend on area of exhibition and
artworks
Space Height: 3:4 m (depend on artworks)

Equipment and Requirements Spatial Relations

Toilets: entrance
dimensions:1600 x 1200 mm
1600 x 800 mm
(Special toilet cubicle)
Storage room:
staff
Storing shelves main hall toilets offices

storage direct
rom indirect

Design Options

References: https://www.gibbesmuseum.org/news/collection-storage-from-the-gallery-walls-to-the-back-room/
 ROOM USERS FUNCTION MEASUREMENTS DESIGN CRITERIA EQUIPMENTS RELATIONS OPTIONS

1)Main Visitors/ Enter/ Area: 25m2 Shape/Openings/site reception desks/

Entrance Artists/ Reception Min width: 3m waiting seats
Staff

2)Main hall Workers/ Display Min height: 6m Walls/ circulation Partitions/ projector
Artists/ artwork Spacing: 0.5~1 m path/ lights/ design screen/ seats
visitors Min Corridor:
2.5m

3)Temporary Visitors/ Display Area: 300m2 Controlled lights/ Stands/ partitions/ seats
hall Artists/ artwork Min height: 7m floor and walls
Staff material/ energy
efficient
4)Outdoor Visitors Showcasing/ Width: 3~5 ft Green area/ shaded Stands/ seats/
Artists promotion/ Spacing: 10~15 ft area/ security/ water walkways/lights
Staff marketing area

5)Studio workers Painting/Potter Area: 810 ft2 Lights/ storage/ Easels/ projector/ lighting
Artists y/ Sculpture/ Height: 9~10 ft security/ flexibility/ stands and boxes/
Staff Origami/ ventilation/ sound drawing board/ storages/
Woodworking isolation lockers
6)Multi- Visitors Concerts/ balls Min area: 108m2 Ventilation/ lights/ Foldable chairs/ projector
purpose hall Artists Height: 6.5~10 walls design screen/ lighting system/
Staff curtains/ sound system

7)Administra Director/ Meetings/ Min height: 4.5 Promote agility/ staff Desks/ Chairs/
tion staff/artists/ conferences/ Area: 28~35m2 engagement/ Desk/drawer
visitors exhibitions. lightning

8)Service Visitors Storage/ toilets Min area: 28m2 Space design/ Toilets/ storage rooms
director Min Height: 4.5m ventilation openings/
Staff Min active area: toilets design and
3m2 material