A REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING AND

INTERNSHIP IN OIL AND NATURAL GAS

CORPORATION LIMITED CAUVERY ASSET
NERAVY KARAIKAL

DURATION: 3 MAY 2024-17 MAY 2024

National Institute of Technology Puducherry

Submitted to Mentor: Submitted by:

ABRAHAM THOMAS DGM(E) Leo Devanand

ST – ELECTRICAL Pragadeswaran
ONGC, NERAVY, Vedharajan
KARAIKAL– 609609 Mridu Amrit Pavan Doley
Sai Sanjay Patil
Pawan Kumawat
 PREFACE
The research provides an opportunity to demonstrate the application of
knowledge, skills and competence required during the technical sessions, to
evaluate the performance and to provide feasible recommendation on the
provided data.

Considering above research and data, we are pleased to submit the project report
related with the business management. This project an ample opportunity to
explore various areas of management, which increased our understanding of the
concept studied. This has resulted in enhancing our analytical, interpreting and
creative skills.

I have prepared this project report on "Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)".
On my belief, ideas, understanding and observation in the company during the
training period.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Industrial Training is an integral part of engineering curriculum providing

engineers with first hand and practical aspects of their studies. It gives them the
knowledge about the work and circumstances existing in the company. The
preparation of this report would not have been possible without the valuable
contribution of the ONGC family comprising of several experienced engineers in
their respective field of work. It gives me great pleasure in completing my training
at Gas Processing Plant of ONGC at Neravy Karaikal and submitting the training
report for the same.
express my deepest gratitude to Saravana Kumar, ONGC HR, Neravy Karaikal for
giving us the permission for orientation in operational area of plant. I am also
thankful to Mr. Jeyakumar who supported us constantly and channelize our work
toward more positive manner.

Our sincere thanks to Abraham Thomas DGME(E) ST – electrical ONGC, Neravy

Karaikal for continuously guiding throughout various aspect, functioning, and
processes of the plant and their effective coordination and allotting us the
appropriate schedule to undertake the training.

Also, thanks to Mr. Jeyakumar, Mr. Manoj Patil, Mr. Navdeep Sharma, Mr. Harishraj
for all having support, guidance at ground level and sharing valuable technical
knowledge
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This project report of the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) includes
various functions like production, marketing, finance and human resources
departments, this report is prepared after the training at company location at
Mehsana. It includes the analysis of various department of the company.

This report mainly focuses on the production department in which it includes

inventory management, layout analysis, manufacturing process etc. This report
has tired its best to collect the information as much as possible about the
company.

The report also includes Bibliography and final conclusion are used for
preparation if the project.
HISTORY
1947 – 1960

During pre-independence, the Assam Oil Company in

the North-Eastern and Attock Oil company in North-
Western part of undivided India were the only oil
companies producing oil in the country. The major
part of Indian sedimentary basins was deemed to be
unfit for development of oil and gas resources.

After independence, the Government realized the importance of oil and gas for
rapid industrial development and its strategic role in defence. Consequently, while
framing the Industrial Policy Statement of 1948, the development of the
hydrocarbon industry in the country was considered to be of utmost necessity.

Until 1955, private oil companies mainly carried out exploration of hydrocarbon
resources of India. Assam Oil Company was producing oil at Digboi, Assam
(discovered in 1889) and the Oil India Ltd. (a 50% joint venture between
Government of India and Burmah Oil Company) was engaged in developing two
fields Naharkatiya and Moran in Assam. In West Bengal, the Indo-Stanvac
Petroleum project (a joint venture between Government of India and Standard
Vacuum Oil Company of USA) was engaged in exploration work. The vast
sedimentary tract in other parts of India and adjoining offshore remained largely
unexplored.

In 1955, Government of India decided to develop the

oil and natural gas resources in the various regions of
the country as part of Public Sector development.
With this objective, an Oil and Natural Gas
Directorate was set up in 1955 under the then
Ministry of Natural Resources and Scientific
Research. The department was constituted with a
nucleus of geoscientists from the Geological survey
of India.

A delegation under the leadership of Mr. K D Malviya, the then Minister of Natural
Resources, visited several countries to study the oil industry and to facilitate the
training of Indian professionals for exploring potential oil and gas reserves. Foreign
experts from USA, West Germany, Romania and erstwhile USSR visited India and
helped the government with their expertise. Finally, the visiting Soviet experts drew
up a detailed plan for geological and geophysical surveys and drilling operations to
be carried out in the 2ndFive Year Plan (1956-57 to 1960-61).

In April 1956, the Government of India adopted the Industrial Policy Resolution,
which placed mineral oil industry amongst the Schedule 'A' industries, the future
development of which was to be the sole and exclusive responsibility of the state.

Soon, after the formation of the Oil and Natural Gas

Directorate, it became apparent that it would not be
possible for the Directorate with limited financial and
administrative powers to function efficiently. So in
August, 1956, the Directorate was raised to the
status of a commission with enhanced powers, although it continued to be under
the government. In October 1959, the Commission was converted into a statutory
body by an act of Parliament, which enhanced powers of the commission further.
The main functions of the Oil and Natural Gas Commission subject to the
provisions of the Act, were "to plan, promote, organize and implement
programmes for development of Petroleum Resources and the production and
sale of petroleum and petroleum products produced by it, and to perform such
other functions as the Central Government may, from time to time, assign to it".
The act further outlined the activities and steps to be taken by ONGC in fulfilling its
mandate.

1961 – 1990

Since its inception, ONGC has been instrumental in

transforming the country's limited upstream sector
into a large viable playing field, with its activities
spread throughout India and significantly in overseas
territories. In the inland areas, ONGC not only found
new resources in Assam but also established new oil
province in Cambay basin (Gujarat), while adding new proliferous areas in the
Assam-Arakan Fold Belt and East coast basins (both inland and offshore).
ONGC went offshore in early 70's and discovered a giant oil field in the form of
Bombay High, now known as Mumbai High. This discovery, along with subsequent
discoveries of huge oil and gas fields in Western offshore changed the oil scenario
of the country. Subsequently, over 5 billion tonnes of hydrocarbons, which were
present in the country, were discovered. The most important contribution of
ONGC, however, is its self-reliance and development of core competence in E&P
activities at a globally competitive level.

1990 onwards

The liberalized economic policy, adopted by the

Government of India in July 1991, sought to
deregulate and de-license the core sectors (including
petroleum sector) with partial disinvestments of
government equity in Public Sector Undertakings and
other measures. As a consequence thereof, ONGC
was re-organized as a limited Company under the Company's Act, 1956 in February
1994.

After the conversion of business of the erstwhile Oil & Natural Gas Commission to
that of Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited in 1993, the Government disinvested
2 per cent of its shares through competitive bidding. Subsequently, ONGC
expanded its equity by another 2 per cent by offering shares to its employees.

During March 1999, ONGC, Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) - a downstream giant and
Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) - the only gas marketing company, agreed to
have cross holding in each other's stock. This paved the way for long-term strategic
alliances both for the domestic and overseas business opportunities in the energy
value chain, amongst themselves.

In the year 2002-03, after taking over MRPL from the A V Birla Group, ONGC
diversified into the downstream sector. ONGC has also entered the global field
through its subsidiary, ONGC Videsh Ltd. (OVL). ONGC has made major
investments in Vietnam, Sakhalin, Columbia, Venezuela, Sudan, etc. and earned
its first hydrocarbon overseas revenue from its investment in Vietnam.

Maha Ratna ONGC is the largest crude oil and natural gas Company in India,
contributing around 75 per cent to Indian domestic production.
ONGC’s quest for energy goes deeper than setting new benchmarks in deep-water
drilling in the Krishna Godavari Basin or finding new frontiers of energy. Global
decline in crude prices notwithstanding, we have taken significant investment
decisions diligently and aggressively, reversing the production trend in offshore.
And now we are venturing into deeper offshore plays in our quest for energy
security. It is this journey that has placed us among Fortune “World’s Most Admired
Companies”.
CONTENT
1) PMCC 13) MDM PUMP

2) APDC 14) LOADING BAY CPCL

3) OEP PLANT 15) FDS AND UPS

4) EACS & EOR 16) BUS COUPLER

5) SCADA BUILD 17) JOCKEY PUMP

6) BGR 18) PLC

7) PSA 19) EOT CRANE

8) FIRE SHIELD 20) BORWEL PUMP HOUSE

9) POWER ROOM 21) OIL RECOVERY MOTORS

10) B&R HEATER 22) AIR BLOWER

11) LIGHTNING PROTECTION 23) AIR COMPRESSER

12) LED CIRCIUIT 24) CONTROL TRANSFORMER

PMCC
A Permanent Magnet Coupled Compressor (PMCC) could be used in ONGC's
facilities for compressing natural gas or other gases extracted during the
production process.

The "permanent magnet" aspect in this context likely refers to the coupling
mechanism between the motor and the compressor. Using permanent magnets
can offer benefits such as improved efficiency, reduced maintenance
requirements, and potentially smoother operation compared to traditional
coupling methods.

Implementing PMCC technology in compressors can help ONGC optimize their

operations, improve energy efficiency, and reduce overall operational costs in
their gas

APDC
APDC Air preheaters are commonly used in industrial processes, including those
in the oil and gas sector, to preheat combustion air before it enters a furnace or
boiler. Preheating the air can improve the efficiency of combustion processes,
leading to fuel savings and reduced emissions.

The drive coupling is the mechanism that connects the air preheater to its drive
source, typically an electric motor or a turbine. The APDC would refer to the
specific coupling system used in ONGC's air preheater applications.

Implementing efficient and reliable drive couplings, such as the APDC, is

essential for ensuring smooth operation and optimal performance of air
preheaters in ONGC's facilities. These couplings need to withstand high
temperatures and provide precise control over the speed and torque transmitted
to the air preheater, contributing to the overall efficiency and reliability of the
combustion process.
Oil and Gas Processing PLANT
OGP Plants are crucial facilities in the oil and gas industry responsible for treating
and refining crude oil and natural gas extracted from wells. These plants
undertake various processes such as separation, dehydration, desalting,
stabilization, and fractionation to convert raw hydrocarbons into marketable
products like natural gas, crude oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and various
other petrochemicals.

ONGC, being a major player in the oil and gas sector, operates numerous oil and
gas processing plants across its production fields. These plants are integral to
ONGC's operations as they play a key role in preparing the extracted crude oil and
natural gas for distribution and commercial use. They ensure that the
hydrocarbons meet quality standards and regulatory requirements before they are
transported through pipelines or other means to refineries or consumers.

Additionally, these processing plants often incorporate advanced technologies

and equipment to optimize production efficiency, minimize environmental
impact, and enhance safety standards in line with industry best practices.

Enhanced Oil Recovery Advisory and Consultancy Services.

Enhanced Oil Recovery refers to techniques used to increase the amount of crude
oil that can be extracted from an oil reservoir beyond what can be extracted
through primary and secondary recovery methods. These techniques are crucial
for maximizing the production of oil fields and prolonging their economic viability.

ONGC, being a major player in the oil and gas industry, may engage in Enhanced
Oil Recovery projects to optimize production from its oil fields. These projects
might involve the implementation of various technologies and methodologies,
such as chemical flooding, gas injection (such as CO2 or nitrogen), thermal
methods like steam injection, or microbial EOR.

EACS could denote a specialized service within ONGC or contracted by ONGC

from external consultants or advisory firms that provide expertise, guidance, and
support in planning, implementing, and optimizing Enhanced Oil Recovery
projects. These services may include reservoir characterization, simulation
studies, feasibility assessments, project management, and ongoing monitoring
and optimization.

Utilizing EACS can help ONGC maximize the recovery of hydrocarbons from its
reservoirs, increase production rates, and extend the life of its oil fields, ultimately
enhancing the company's overall operational efficiency and profitability.

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System

SCADA systems in ONGC are likely custom-built or tailored to suit the specific
needs of their oil and gas production processes. These systems typically consist
of hardware and software components that enable real-time monitoring, control,
and data acquisition from remote sites such as offshore platforms, drilling rigs,
production fields, and refineries.

Key features of SCADA systems built for ONGC may include:

Remote Monitoring: SCADA systems allow operators to remotely monitor critical
parameters such as wellhead pressure, flow rates, temperatures, and equipment
statuses across various production facilities.

Control Capabilities: Operators can remotely control valves, pumps,

compressors, and other equipment from a centralized location using SCADA
interfaces. This enables them to optimize production processes, respond to
emergencies, and ensure safe operations.
Data Acquisition and Historian: SCADA systems collect, store, and analyse vast
amounts of data generated by sensors and devices installed at production sites.
Historical data stored in SCADA databases can be used for trend analysis,
predictive maintenance, and performance optimization.

Alarm Management: SCADA systems generate alarms and notifications based on

predefined thresholds or abnormal conditions detected in the production
process. Operators can promptly respond to alarms to prevent equipment failures
or safety incidents.

Security: Given the critical nature of oil and gas operations, SCADA systems in
ONGC would likely incorporate robust security measures to protect against cyber
threats and unauthorized access.
Baseline Geophysical Report
in the oil and gas industry, a Baseline Geophysical Report (BGR) is a
comprehensive document that provides an overview of the geological and
geophysical characteristics of an area or a specific prospect within an oil and gas
exploration block. This report is typically prepared during the initial stages of
exploration and serves as a baseline for further evaluation and development
activities.

The Baseline Geophysical Report includes data and analysis from various
geophysical surveys conducted in the area, such as seismic surveys, gravity
surveys, magnetic surveys, and electromagnetic surveys. It provides insights into
the subsurface structures, rock formations, potential hydrocarbon reservoirs, and
other geological features that may influence the prospects of oil and gas
exploration and production in the area.

Pressure Swing Adsorption

PSA is a technology used for separating gases from a mixture, typically to purify or
concentrate a specific gas component. In the oil and gas industry, PSA is often
employed in various processes such as gas purification, gas separation, and gas
recovery.

One common application of PSA in ONGC's operations could be in gas processing

plants. For example, PSA units may be used to separate and purify hydrogen from
natural gas streams. Hydrogen is often utilized in various processes within the oil
and gas industry, such as hydrotreating and hydrocracking in refineries, and PSA
technology can help ONGC extract and purify hydrogen efficiently.

Additionally, PSA technology may also be employed in other aspects of ONGC's

operations, such as in gas sweetening processes to remove impurities like
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas streams.
Fire Shield
Fire safety is a critical aspect of ONGC's operations due to the presence of
flammable materials such as crude oil, natural gas, and petroleum products in its
facilities, including offshore platforms, drilling rigs, production fields, refineries,
and storage tanks. The company takes proactive measures to prevent, detect, and
mitigate the impact of fires through various means, which may include:

Fire Detection Systems: ONGC installs sophisticated fire detection systems

comprising smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, and gas detectors
to provide early warning of potential fire incidents.

Fire Suppression Systems: The company utilizes automatic fire suppression

systems such as water sprinkler systems, foam-based systems, dry chemical
systems, and gaseous suppression systems to extinguish fires or control their
spread in the event of an emergency.

Firefighting Equipment: ONGC equips its facilities with firefighting equipment,

including fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, fire hoses, fire blankets, and firefighting
trucks, to enable swift response to fire emergencies and facilitate firefighting
operations.

Emergency Response Planning: ONGC develops comprehensive emergency

response plans and conducts regular drills and training exercises to prepare its
personnel for responding effectively to fire incidents and other emergencies.
Power room
A "Power room" could refer to a facility or area within ONGC's operations
dedicated to housing equipment and systems related to power generation,
distribution, and control.

Generators: Power rooms may house generators, including diesel generators or

gas turbines, which are used to generate electrical power for ONGC's facilities.
These generators ensure uninterrupted power supply, especially in remote
locations or during power outages.

Switchgear and Distribution Panels: Power rooms typically contain switchgear

and distribution panels to control and distribute electrical power to various
equipment and systems within ONGC's facilities, including pumps, motors,
lighting, and instrumentation.

Electrical Control Systems: Power rooms may host electrical control systems,
including motor control centres (MCCs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs),
and distributed control systems (DCS), which are used to monitor and control
power generation and distribution processes.
Emergency Backup Systems: In addition to primary power generation systems,
power rooms may also house emergency backup systems such as uninterruptible
power supply (UPS) units or battery banks to provide temporary power during
emergencies or blackouts.
Safety Systems: Power rooms may be equipped with safety systems such as fire
detection and suppression systems, gas detection systems, and emergency
shutdown systems to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment in the event
of fire, gas leaks, or other emergencies.

Monitoring and Control Equipment: Power rooms may contain monitoring and
control equipment, including meters, gauges, and control panels, to monitor the
performance of power generation equipment and ensure optimal operation.
B&R Project Heater Treater
A "B&R Project Heater Treater" signifies a project involving the installation,
maintenance, or upgrade of a Heater Treater unit by B&R Projects within the oil
and gas industry. The Heater Treater is a crucial component utilized in oil and gas
production processes to effectively separate emulsions and eliminate water from
crude oil. Operating within this context, the Heater Treater undergoes a series of
steps to achieve separation: Firstly, the crude oil mixture, alongside water and
contaminants, enters the Heater Treater, where heat is applied to elevate the
temperature. Subsequently, as the mixture heats up, water and contaminants
separate from the crude oil, with water settling at the bottom, forming a distinct
layer known as "bottom water," while lighter hydrocarbons rise to the top. The
mixture then spends a specific retention time within the Heater Treater, ensuring
thorough separation. Afterward, the clean crude oil is skimmed off from the top,
while the separated water and contaminants are appropriately disposed of or sent
for further treatment. B&R Projects, operating as a contractor or service provider,
may engage in various aspects of Heater Treater projects, including engineering,
procurement, construction, installation, commissioning, maintenance, or
upgrades, contributing to the efficient and reliable operation of oil and gas
production facilities, potentially including those of ONGC.

lighting protection
Lightning protection systems are essential in the oil and gas industry to mitigate
the risk of lightning strikes, which can cause fires, explosions, equipment
damage, and safety hazards. These systems typically include lightning rods or air
terminals installed at strategic locations to intercept lightning strikes and conduct
the electrical energy safely to the ground.
Transformers are often integrated into lightning protection systems to step down
the voltage of the lightning strike before it enters the facility's electrical
distribution system. This helps prevent damage to sensitive electrical equipment
and reduces the risk of electrical surges that could disrupt operations or cause
equipment failure.
The lightning transformer may serve multiple purposes, such as isolating the
lightning strike from the rest of the electrical system, providing surge protection,
and ensuring the safety of personnel and assets within ONGC's facilities.
LED Circuit
In ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited), "LED Circuit" refers to
various applications of light-emitting diode (LED) technology within the
organization's infrastructure or operations. These circuits find wide usage for
lighting purposes in industrial settings owing to their energy efficiency, durability,
and extended lifespan. LED circuits are employed for diverse purposes including
facility lighting, outdoor illumination, hazardous area lighting, emergency lighting,
and process monitoring and control. They contribute significantly to enhancing
energy efficiency, safety, and operational reliability across ONGC's infrastructure
and operations, aligning with the organization's objectives of efficiency
and sustainability.

Multi-Stage Double-Acting Piston Pump

In ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited), the term "MDM pump" likely
refers to a Multi-Stage Double-Acting Piston Pump utilized within their operations.
These pumps are crucial components in the oil and gas industry, serving diverse
purposes such as high-pressure injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR),
hydraulic fracturing, high-pressure pumping, and pipeline pigging. With their
capability to generate high pressures and deliver precise flow rates, MDM pumps
play a vital role in maintaining efficient and reliable oil and gas production
processes across ONGC's operations.

Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited loading bay

CPCL (Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited) is a separate entity and operates
its own refinery complex in Chennai, India. Their loading bays would be part of
their refinery infrastructure for distributing refined petroleum products to various
destinations.

However, ONGC may have loading facilities or terminals at some of its locations,
primarily for the loading of crude oil onto tankers for transport to refineries or
export. These facilities would likely be labelled according to ONGC's name or
terminology rather than referencing CPCL.
Fire detection systems
Fire detection systems (FDS) are crucial components of safety infrastructure in
industrial settings, including oil and gas facilities. These systems consist of
various sensors, detectors, and alarms designed to detect the presence of smoke,
heat, or flames, indicating a potential fire hazard.

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) units are used to provide backup power in the
event of a mains power failure, ensuring that critical equipment and systems
remain operational during power outages.

In ONGC's operations, UPS units may be integrated into fire detection systems to
ensure continuous power supply to critical components such as control panels,
alarm systems, and communication devices, even during power disruptions. This
is essential to maintain the effectiveness of fire detection and alarm systems,
allowing prompt response to potential fire incidents and minimizing the risk to
personnel and assets.

Bus Coupler
A bus coupler is a device used to connect two or more busbars in an electrical
distribution system. Busbars are conductive bars or strips that serve as a
common electrical connection for distributing power to various loads or
equipment within a facility. Bus couplers allow for the parallel operation of
multiple busbars, enabling redundancy, flexibility, and ease of maintenance in the
electrical distribution system.

Redundancy: By connecting multiple busbars with bus couplers, ONGC can

ensure redundancy in their electrical distribution system. If one busbar or section
of the system fails, the bus coupler allows for seamless transfer of power to the
remaining operational busbars, minimizing downtime and ensuring continuous
power supply to critical loads.
Flexibility: Bus couplers provide flexibility in managing electrical loads within
ONGC's facilities. They allow for the addition or removal of busbars as needed,
facilitating changes in the configuration of the electrical distribution system to
accommodate new equipment, expansion projects, or changes in operational
requirements.

Maintenance: Bus couplers simplify maintenance activities by isolating sections

of the electrical distribution system for servicing or repairs without disrupting
overall operations. They allow for the safe disconnection and reconnection of
busbars without affecting the rest of the system.

Load Balancing: Bus couplers can also be used for load balancing purposes,
distributing electrical loads evenly across multiple busbars to optimize system
performance and prevent overloading of individual components.

Jockey Coupler
In ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited), a "jockey pump" plays a
critical role within fire protection systems. This small pump is integral to
maintaining pressure in fire hydrant or sprinkler systems by continuously
circulating water. Operating in standby mode, the jockey pump activates
automatically when system pressure drops below a certain threshold, ensuring
water availability at the required pressure during fire emergencies. Equipped with
pressure switches or controllers, it monitors and adjusts system pressure,
working supplementary to the main fire pump, which provides high flow rates for
firefighting. Jockey pumps are vital components in ONGC's safety infrastructure,
contributing to the reliability and effectiveness of fire suppression measures to
safeguard personnel, assets, and the environment.
Programmable Logic Controllers
In ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited), Programmable Logic
Controllers (PLCs) are extensively used in various aspects of their operations,
primarily in the automation and control of industrial processes related to oil and
gas exploration, production, and refining.

Well Automation: PLCs are deployed in wellhead automation systems to monitor

and control parameters such as pressure, temperature, flow rates, and valve
positions in oil and gas wells. PLCs ensure optimal well performance, enhance
safety, and enable remote operation and control.

Pipeline Control: PLCs are employed in pipeline control and monitoring systems
to regulate the flow of oil, gas, and other fluids through pipelines. They manage
valve actuators, pumps, compressors, and other equipment to maintain desired
flow rates, pressures, and temperatures, while also detecting and responding to
abnormal conditions or leaks.

Process Control: PLCs play a crucial role in controlling various processes within
ONGC's production and refining facilities, including separation, purification,
heating, cooling, and storage operations. PLC-based control systems optimize
process parameters, improve efficiency, and ensure compliance with safety and
environmental regulations.

Safety Systems: PLCs are integrated into safety instrumented systems (SIS) to
monitor and control critical safety functions, such as emergency shutdowns, fire
and gas detection, and blowout prevention. PLCs execute safety-critical logic and
algorithms to mitigate risks and prevent accidents in hazardous environments.

Data Acquisition and Monitoring: PLCs collect real-time data from sensors,
instruments, and control devices installed throughout ONGC's facilities. This data
is used for monitoring process performance, analysing trends, diagnosing faults,
and optimizing operations through advanced control strategies.
Remote Monitoring and Control: PLCs support remote monitoring and control
capabilities, allowing ONGC operators to oversee and manage operations from
centralized control rooms or remote locations. PLC-based control systems enable
real-time decision-making, rapid response to operational changes, and efficient
resource allocation.

Electric Overhead Travelling (EOT) Cranes

In ONGC, Electric Overhead Travelling (EOT) Cranes are essential for heavy lifting
and material handling tasks in various facilities such as offshore platforms,
onshore sites, and refineries. They aid in loading and unloading cargo, supporting
maintenance operations, and providing logistics support. EOT Cranes ensure
efficient and safe handling of equipment and materials, contributing to the overall
productivity and operational effectiveness of ONGC's operations in the oil
and gas industry.

Borewell pumps
In ONGC, borewell pumps are integral for extracting water from deep underground
aquifers to fulfil diverse operational needs. These pumps are vital for supplying
water to drilling rigs, production sites, residential areas, and office buildings. They
facilitate drilling operations by providing water for circulation, cleaning, and
equipment cooling. Additionally, borewell pumps aid in dewatering, irrigation, and
fire protection, ensuring operational efficiency, safety, and sustainability across
ONGC's facilities.

Oil Recovery Motors

In ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited), an "oil recovery motor" is
likely a component used in oil recovery operations, particularly in the extraction
and transportation of crude oil from wells to processing facilities.

Submersible Pump Motor: In many oil wells, especially those with low reservoir
pressure or high depths, submersible pumps are employed to lift crude oil to the
surface. An oil recovery motor, often an electric motor, powers these submersible
pumps. These motors are designed to operate reliably under harsh conditions,
including high temperatures, high pressures, and exposure to corrosive fluids.

Progressive Cavity Pump Motor: In some cases, progressive cavity pumps are
used for oil recovery in challenging well conditions, such as heavy oil or highly
viscous fluids. These pumps typically require specialized motors to provide the
necessary torque and performance for efficient oil extraction.

Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) Motor: ESPs are another common technology
used for oil recovery, especially in deep or offshore wells. ESP motors are
designed to be submerged in the wellbore and provide the power necessary to
drive the pump, lifting oil to the surface. These motors are often customized to
meet specific well conditions and production requirements.

Pumping Unit Motor: In conventional oil wells equipped with surface pumping
units, electric motors are used to power the beam or rod pump. These motors
provide the mechanical energy needed to lift oil from the wellbore to the surface,
where it is then transported to processing facilities via pipelines or tanker trucks.

Air blowers
Air blowers are essential mechanical devices utilized across diverse applications
in the oil and gas industry, including aeration, ventilation, instrumentation and
control systems, pneumatic conveying, cooling, drying, and combustion air
supply. In ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited), air blowers play a
crucial role in maintaining operational efficiency, safety, and environmental
compliance. They are instrumental in ensuring proper aeration in wastewater
treatment plants, maintaining ventilation in enclosed spaces, providing
compressed air for pneumatic control systems, transporting bulk materials
through pneumatic conveying systems, facilitating cooling and drying processes,
and supplying combustion air for efficient fuel combustion. The versatile nature of
air blowers makes them indispensable assets in ONGC's operations, contributing
to the overall success and sustainability of the organization's activities in the
oil and gas sector.
Air Compressor
Purpose: Air compressors are used to compress atmospheric air to a higher
pressure, which is then utilized in various applications across ONGC's operations.
Applications: Compressed air is used for powering pneumatic tools, equipment,
and machinery, as well as for instrumentation, control systems, and process
operations.
Types: ONGC may use different types of air compressors such as reciprocating,
rotary screw, or centrifugal compressors, depending on the specific requirements
of each application.

Air Dryer:
Purpose: Air dryers remove moisture from compressed air to prevent corrosion,
contamination, and operational issues in downstream equipment and processes.
Applications: Dry air is crucial for maintaining the efficiency and reliability of
pneumatic systems, air-operated tools, and instrumentation used in ONGC's
facilities.
Types: ONGC may employ different types of air dryers, including refrigerated
dryers, desiccant dryers, and membrane dryers, based on the required dew point
and moisture removal capacity.

KOD Pump (Knock Out Drum Pump):

Purpose: KOD pumps are used to pump liquids (such as hydrocarbons and water)
from knock out drums, which are vessels designed to separate liquids from gas
streams in oil and gas processing facilities.
Applications: In ONGC's operations, KOD pumps are typically employed in
upstream or midstream processes to transfer separated liquids from knock out
drums to storage tanks or further processing units.
Design Considerations: KOD pumps are designed to handle varying liquid
volumes, pressures, and fluid properties encountered in oil and gas production,
ensuring reliable and efficient operation.
Electric Hoist:
Purpose: Electric hoists are used for lifting, lowering, and moving heavy loads in
various applications across ONGC's facilities, such as material handling,
equipment installation, and maintenance activities.
Applications: Electric hoists are commonly used in workshops, warehouses,
offshore platforms, and drilling rigs to facilitate safe and efficient lifting
operations.
Safety Features: ONGC's electric hoists are equipped with safety features such as
overload protection, emergency stop buttons, and limit switches to prevent
accidents and ensure compliance with safety regulations.

Service Water Pump:

Purpose: Service water pumps are used to supply water for non-process purposes
such as cooling, firefighting, sanitation, and personnel hygiene in ONGC's
facilities.
Applications: Service water pumps provide a reliable and continuous supply of
water for various operational needs, supporting the safe and efficient functioning
of equipment and facilities.
Reliability: ONGC's service water pumps are designed for high reliability, with
redundancy and backup systems in place to ensure uninterrupted water supply,
even during maintenance or equipment failures.
Control Transformers:
The control transformer you mentioned has a power rating of 315 kVA and
operates with an input voltage of 415 volts and an output voltage of 240 volts.

Power Rating (kVA): The power rating of 315 kVA indicates the maximum power
capacity of the transformer. This rating determines the amount of electrical power
it can handle without exceeding its design limits.

Input Voltage (415V): The input voltage of 415 volts refers to the voltage supplied
to the primary winding of the transformer. This voltage is typically derived from the
main power supply or distribution system.

Output Voltage (240V): The output voltage of 240 volts refers to the voltage
produced by the secondary winding of the transformer. This voltage is commonly
used for controlling and powering electrical equipment, instruments, and devices
within control systems or industrial applications.

Step-Down Transformation: The transformer is configured for step-down

transformation, meaning it reduces the higher input voltage (415V) to the lower
output voltage (240V). This voltage reduction is necessary to match the voltage
requirements of the connected loads or equipment.

Control Applications: Control transformers are commonly used in control panels,

motor control centres (MCCs), distribution boards, and other control systems to
provide isolated and stable power for control circuits, relays, contactors,
solenoids, and other control devices. They help ensure reliable operation and
protection of control equipment in industrial settings