RENEWABLE ENERGY

ME 409
MD. AHATASHAMUL HAQUE KHAN SHUVO
LECTURER
DEPT. OF ME, SU
 RENEWABLE ENERGY

• The term used to cover those energy flows that occur naturally and
repeatedly in the environment and can be harnessed for human benefit.
• The ultimate source of these energy are the
1. Ocean
2. Gravity and
3. Earth rotation
 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

• The renewable energy sources are

1. Sun
2. Moon
3. Tidal
4. Wind
5. Ocean wave
6. Hydro
7. Geothermal
8. Biofuel
9. Biomass
 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
(CONTD.)
1. Most renewable energy sources are derived from solar radiation.
a) Direct use: heating and energy generation
b) Indirect use: Wind, wave, running water, from plants and animals

2. Tidal sources of energy result from the gravitational pull of moon and
sun
3. Geothermal energy comes from the heat generation within the earth
4. Energy from wastes
 NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

• Non-renewable sources are those sources that don’t

get replenished after consumption. Such as coal
once burnt is consumed without replacement of the
same.
• The non-renewable sources are form very slowly in
nature and which are likely to be exhausted in a
few more decades or centuries.
• The world is presently dependent on such resources.
 COMPARISON BETWEEN NON-
RENEWABLE ENERGY & NON-
RENEWABLE ENERGY

Features Non-renewable energy Renewable energy

Technologies Established Underdevelopment

Plant size Large (MW size) Small (KW size)
Energy density of source High Low
Pollution problems More Less
Limited and will exhaust
Energy resources Will continue to renew
soon

Cost of power generation Low high

 DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY
• Solar energy: The amount of solar incident on earth every year is
 Equivalent to 160 times the energy stored in the worlds proven resources of
fossil fuels.
 Equivalent to more than 15000 times the worlds annual use of fossil fuel and
nuclear fuels and hydro power.
• Of the total solar incoming radiation
 30% reflected back
 47% is used to warm the earth surface
 23% is used by evaporation of water
• Relatively small proportion are used to drive the winds and waves and are
are absorbed by plants in photo synthesis.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY (CONTD.)
• Wind energy: More than 20
thousand wind turbines are in use
around the world for generating
electricity and over a million for
pumping water. Although
experimental wind turbines up to
several MW in size have been
build, the optimum size currently
appears to be 300-500 MW.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY (CONTD.)
• Wave energy: A variety of designs
for extracting energy from waves
have been proposed. Experimental
versions of several have been
tested but the technology has not
yet reached the commercial stage.
Several countries including the UK,
France, Japan etc. have significant
potential for using wave energy.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY (CONTD.)
• Hydro electricity: Hydro electricity is well established as one of the principle
energy producing technologies around the world providing some 20% of
the worlds electricity. In the developing countries, the proportion rises to
around 40%.
• The capacity of large hydro-electric schemes can be several times that of a
conventional power stations
• They highly efficient, reliable and long lasting
• However the dams and lakes of large schemes also have major
environmental and social problems
• There are also numerous devices for extracting energy from small and
medium sized river and streams with and without dams.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY (CONTD.)
• Biomass: Biomass from plants is one of the major world fuel resources
specially in the third world where it provides some 40% of requirements.
It is also important in some of the forest reach parts of the industrial
nations (8% in Sweden, 14% in Canada).
• Wood fuel is a renewable resources if the rate at which it is consumed is
no greater than the rate at which it is renewed.
• Gas and liquid fuels can be derived from biological sources. Over 7
million biogas units have been built largely in china. Most of these are
very small units which digest biological waste producing biogas mainly
methane.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY (CONTD.)
• Biomass (contd.): A major program to produce alcohol from sugarcane
for fuel use in Brazil has been underway since 1970s and alcohol fuel is
now used by more than 11 million cars.
• Initially the alcohol was mixed with petrol but is increasingly used in pure
form in cars converted to burn it.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY (CONTD.)
• Geothermal energy: The interior of the earth is much hotter than its
surface with estimated temp of over thousand degree Celsius. There are
some places where the hot rock is very near or actually on the earth
surface and heats water in underground aquifers. Such places have
provided hot water or steam for centuries. Over 20 centuries (for
example: Italy, Iceland, USA etc.) use geothermal stem to produce
electricity and many others use it to heat water.
 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND
POWER PLANTS
Types Remarks

1.a) Solar thermal • Boilers installed on tall centered tower gets reflected solar radiation from
steam pp sun tracking mirrors on ground level
• Steam from boilers drives steam turbine generator
b) Solar photo- • Solar PV cell panels connected in series/ parallel
voltric cell panel • Direct conversion into electrical energy
2. Wind turbine • Large wind turbine with two/three blades horizontal axis installed on
generator pp needle on a tower the wind turbine gears rotate generators
• Several wind turbine generator units (50 KW to 3 MW) installed in one
wind firm.
3. Geothermal • Heat inside earth extracted in the form of dry steam/ wet steam/ hot
steam pp brine through hot deep well (1.5-3 km deep)
• Heat used for steam turbine and turbine drives generator.
• Large base load power plants rated 900 MW to 1000 MW.
 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND
POWER PLANTS (CONTD.)
Types Remarks

4. Ocean thermal • Heat in the upper layer of water used for driving steam turbine on store
energy conversion or in flowing power plants.
pp • Cold water from bottom of ocean used for condenser.

5. Ocean wave • Power plants are located in location with high waves ( 2 to 4 m).
energy pp • Waves drive hydro turbines in cyclic manner during onward or
forward/reverse wave.
• Bulb turbine generators installed within penstocks located inside long
barrages across the ocean wave.

6. Ocean tidal • During high tide water is accumulated in upper reservoir. During the low
energy pp tide the water from the upper reservoir flows to lower level and drives
the hydro-turbine generators.
 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND
POWER PLANTS (CONTD.)
Types Remarks

7. Waste • Located in large cities where combustible waste from the city (paper,
incrimination pp rags, wood, chips, wood dust, residence waste etc.) is used as fuel.
• The combustion of fuel gives heat which drives steam turbines to drive
steam generators rating 1 to 10 MW.
• Flue gases cleaned before letting into atmosphere.
8. Biofuel pp • Wood, rice husk, wheat husk, bio gas, special form with fuel crops raised
three months etc. are burnt and heat used for steam turbine.
9. Mini, micro hydro • Small hydro electric power plants for villages and farms.