TSPSC Group 1 Prelims

Quick Revision
Material
Aug 2022 Current Affairs
50 Important Topics
Salient Features:
• 50 Important topics chosen from
PIB, Indian Express and The Hindu, etc.
• Topics include major areas like
National and International news,
Science and Technology, Reports and Indices,
Important days, Awards, Persons in News,
Books and Authors, Sports, etc.

Reverse Engineering Technique

for effective preparation

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 TSPSC Group – I | Quick Revision Material

Current Affairs | August 2022

50 Important Topics – August 2022
S No Name of the Topic S No Name of the Topic
01 Electoral Bond Scheme 2018 26 SEBI
02 PESA Act, 1996 27 ESI Scheme and PM-JAY
03 Chenab Rail Bridge 28 Grameen Udyami Project
04 NAMASTE 29 Ethanol Blending in India
05 ECOSTRESS 30 OTEC Plant in Lakshadweep
06 Chabahar Port 31 Arth Ganga
07 44th Chess Olympiad 32 Ramsar Convention
08 Great Barrier Reef 33 CDRI
09 NIDAAN Portal 34 Agasthyamalai Elephant Reserve
10 Jal Jeevan Mission – Har Ghar Jal 35 e-Samadhan portal
11 Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje 36 NPPA
12 Anang Tal lake 37 Tuberculosis
13 Universal Postal Union 38 Small Satellite Launch Vehicle
14 Smart India Hackathon 2022 39 James Webb Space Telescope
15 UNESCO Peace Prize 40 Chandler wobble
16 Indian Antarctic Bill 2022 41 Kala Azar
17 Enforcement Directorate 42 Langya henipavirus
18 Udyam Portal 43 Adichanallur
19 Financial Inclusion Index 44 SMILE-75 Initiative
20 India’s Panchamrit 45 Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0
21 Parliamentary Privileges 46 Atal Bridge
22 President and Vice President of India 47 Operation Skylight
23 Minerals Security Partnership 48 President's Colours
24 START and NEW START 49 Disputed Territories in News
25 World Population Prospects 2022 50 Military Exercises in News

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 TSPSC | Group-I | Quick Revision Material
Current Affairs | August 2022
50 Important Topics
S No Topic Where to Focus?
1 Electoral Bond Scheme 2018 • Under the Electoral Bond Scheme 2018, the eligibility to receive the
News: Electoral bonds: Parties bonds are,
mop up over Rs 10,000 crore ✓ Political Parties registered under Section 29A of the Representation
since 2018. of the People Act, 1951 and
✓ Secured not less than 1% of the votes polled in the last election to
the Lok Sabha/the Legislative Assembly.
• They are available for purchase for a period of 10 days each in January,
April, July and October.
✓ Bonds issued as the multiples of Rs. 1000, 10000, 1 lakh, 10 lakh and
1 crore.
• Validity of the bonds: 15 Calendar Days from the Date of Issue.
• State Bank of India (SBI) is authorized to issue and encash Electoral Bonds
through its 29 Authorized Branches.
2 Panchayat (Extension in • The PESA Act was enacted in 1996 to provide for the extension of the
Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 provisions of Part IX of the Constitution to the Scheduled Areas.
News: Chhattisgarh has ✓ Part IX (Articles 243-243O) deals with the Panchayats.
notified the rules for • PESA Act says that Scheduled Areas are those referred to in Article 244
implementation of the PESA (Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas)
Act-1996 to ensure self- ✓ The Fifth Schedule deals with the administration of the Scheduled
governance through gram Areas and Scheduled Tribes in states other than Assam, Meghalaya,
sabhas. Tripura, and Mizoram.
• At present, 10 States have Fifth schedule Areas. They are,
✓ Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh,
Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, and
Telangana.
3 Chenab Rail Bridge • The Chenab Bridge is the world's highest railway bridge over the Chenab
News: World’s highest single River in the Kouri area of Reasi district, J&K.
arch railway bridge – Chenab • The bridge is part of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla rail link project
Rail Bridge in J&K gets Golden (USBRL).
Joint. ✓ Declared as a Project of National Importance in March 2002.
• The bridge is 1315-metre long; the highest railway bridge in the world
being 359 metres above the river bed level.
• The Chenab River originates in the upper Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh.
✓ It is formed by the confluence of two rivers: Chandra and Bhaga
✓ Mouth: Confluence with Sutlej in Pakistan.
• Important bridges in J&K: Habba Kadal, Amira Kadal and Abdullah Bridge
4 National Action for • NAMASTE is a Central Sector Scheme of the Ministry of Social Justice and
Mechanised Sanitation Empowerment (MoSJE).
Ecosystem (NAMASTE) ✓ A joint initiative of the MoSJE and the Ministry of Housing and Urban
Affairs (MoHUA).

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 News: NAMASTE to help all •
sanitation workers engaged in
cleaning of sewers and septic
tanks. • It aims to provide sustainable livelihood to them and enhance their
5 ECOSTRESS • ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space
News: NASA's ECOSTRESS
detects 'heat islands' in
extreme Indian heat wave.
6 Chabahar Port • The Chabahar Port located in the Gulf of Oman in Iran is the commercial
News: India observed
Chabahar Day on 31st July to
promote Chabahar link to the •
INSTC.
7 44th Chess Olympiad • The Chess Olympiad was hosted in India for the first time. The torch rally
th
News: The 44 Chess Olympiad
2022 was held in Chennai.
8 Great Barrier Reef
News: Coral has recovered
from bleaching to record levels
across much of the Great
Barrier Reef.
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NAMASTE envisages safety and dignity of sanitation workers in urban
India by creating an enabling ecosystem that recognizes the key role of
sanitation workers.
occupational safety through improved access to safety gear and
machines.
Station (ECOSTRESS) was launched in June 2018 by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
✓ It is an ongoing scientific experiment with a radiometer mounted on
the International Space Station (ISS).
• Its primary mission is to identify plants' thresholds for water use and
water stress, giving insight into their ability to adapt to a warming
climate.
transit center for the region and especially Central Asia.
✓ It is very close to the Gwadar port in Pakistan.
The International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) is a INSTC is a
7200 km-long transportation network encompassing sea, road and rail
routes
✓ Established on September 12, 2000, by Iran, Russia and India.
• The agreement has been ratified by 13 countries namely,
✓ Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Armenia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Ukraine.
• INSTC links the Indian Ocean to the Caspian Sea via the Persian Gulf.
• Important Ports in news:
✓ Sittwe Port (Myanmar), Hambantota Port (Sri Lanka), Chittagong
Port (Bangladesh), Lamu Port (Kenya) and Bandar Abbas (Iran).
for the Olympiad was started by PM Narendra Modi.
✓ Torch relay starter: Grandmaster Vishwanathan Anand (Deputy
President of FIDE)
✓ The mascot, a chess knight, was named "Thambi".
• Winners:
✓ Open Category: Uzbekistan (gold), Armenia (silver) and India-2
(bronze)
✓ Ukraine (gold), Georgia (silver), India (bronze)
• The Chess Olympiad is organised by the International Chess Federation
(FIDE), based in Lausanne, Switzerland.
• While the 43rd Chess Olympiad-2018 was held in Batumi (Georgia), the
43rd Chess Olympiad-2024 will be held in Budapest (Hungary).
• Extending to a length of 1931 kilometres, the Great Barrier Reef is the
largest coral reef system in the world.
✓ The reef is located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, in the Coral
Sea.
• India has four coral reef areas: Gulf of Mannar, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, Lakshadweep islands and the Gulf of Kutch.
• Coral reefs are unique and the most diverse marine ecosystems on Earth.
✓ Believed to have existed for about 200 million years.
 • Corals are composed of hundreds of thousands of individual animals
known as polyps.
• They act as barrier against waves and thus prevent coastal erosion.
• Indonesia has the largest coral reef area in the world. India, Maldives, Sri
Lanka and Chagos have the maximum coral reefs in South Asia.
9 NIDAAN Portal • NIDAAN stands for ‘National Integrated Database on Arrested Narco-
News: India's 'NIDAAN' portal offenders’.
gets operational. ✓ It is India’s first-of-its kind database of arrested narcotics offenders.
• The NIDAAN platform sources its data from the ICJS (inter-operable
criminal justice system) and the e-Prisons (a cloud-based application)
repository.
✓ It will be integrated in the future with the crime and criminal tracking
network system or CCTNS.
• The portal was developed by the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB).
✓ NCB was constituted in 1986 under the Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985.
✓ Comes under the Ministry of Home Affairs
✓ Director General: Shri Satya Narayan Pradhan, IPS
10 Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) – Har • Jal Jeevan Mission is a central government initiative under the Ministry
Ghar Jal of Jal Shakti (Minister: Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat).
News: Goa and Dadra & Nagar • Launched in 2019, it envisages supply of 55 litres of water per person per
Haveli and Daman & Diu day to every rural household through Functional Household Tap
became the first ‘Har Ghar Jal’ Connections (FHTC) by 2024.
certified State and UT in the • The Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban) was announced in the Union Budget
country respectively. 2021-22 to provide universal coverage of water supply to all households
through functional taps.
✓ An initiative of the Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (Minister: Shri
Hardeep Singh Puri).
• Major schemes implemented by Ministry of Jal Shakti: Jal Shakti Abhiyan:
Catch The Rain and Atal Bhujal Yojana.
11 Pandurang Sadashiv • Pandurang Khankhoje (1883-1967) was born in Wardha, Maharashtra.
Khankhoje ✓ He was advised by Bal Gangadhar Tilak to go to Japan, which was
News: Lok Sabha Speaker Om then an anti-West Asian imperialistic force.
Birla unveiled statues of Swami • After spending time with nationalists from Japan and China, Khankhoje
Vivekananda and Pandurang moved to the US, where he enrolled in as a student of agriculture.
Khankhoje in Mexico. • Khankhoje was one of the founding members of the Ghadar Party,
established by Indians living abroad in 1914, mostly belonging to Punjab.
✓ Aim was to lead a revolutionary fight against the British in India.
✓ Major leaders: Lala Har Dayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna
• Khankhoje was revered as an agricultural scientist in Mexico. Later, he
returned to India. He died in January 1967 in Maharashtra.
12 Anang Tal lake • The Anang Tal Lake is located near Qutub Minar in Mehrauli in the
News: Anang Tal lake declared National Capital Territory of Delhi.
monument of national ✓ The lake is believed to be created in 1060 AD by Raja Anang Pal
importance. Tomar.
• Anangpal II, popularly known as Anangpal Tomar, belonged to the Tomar
dynasty.

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13 Universal Postal Union
News: Cabinet approves
ratification of the eleventh •
Additional protocol to the
Constitution of the UPU.
14 Smart India Hackathon 2022 •
News: Prime Minister Shri
Narendra Modi addressed the •
Grand Finale of Smart India
Hackathon 2022.
.
• SIH is conducted every year since 2017 in two formats: SIH Software and
15 Félix Houphouët-Boigny- •
UNESCO Peace Prize
News: The 2022 UNESCO
Peace Prize was awarded to Ms
Angela Merkel, former •
Chancellor of Germany, in
recognition of her efforts to
welcome refugees. • The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
16 Indian Antarctic Bill 2022 • The Indian Antarctic Bill, 2022 proposed to set-up the Indian Antarctic
News: Parliament passes the
Indian Antarctic Bill, 2022. •
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✓ He was the founder of Dhillika Puri, which eventually became Delhi.
He was the ruler of present-day Delhi and Haryana in between the
8th-12th centuries.
• Tomara dynasty was one of the early medieval Rajput ruling houses of
northern India.
• Established in 1874, the Universal Postal Union (UPU), with has its
headquarters in the Swiss capital Berne.
With its 192 member countries, the UPU is the primary forum for
cooperation between postal sector players.
✓ India is a member of the UPU since 1876.
• The UPU is one of the oldest specialised agencies of the United Nations.
• The International Telecommunication Union, another is a specialized
agency of the United Nations, was established in May 1865.
✓ It is the oldest UN agency; Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
✓ India is a member of the ITU since 1869.
The Smart India Hackathon (SIH) is a nationwide initiative by Ministry of
Education’s Innovation Cell.
SIH aims to provide students a platform to solve the pressing problems
of the government, ministries, departments, industries and other
organizations.
SIH Hardware Editions for higher education students.
✓ In 2022, SIH – Junior was introduced to build a culture of Innovation
and problem-solving attitude at the school level.
✓ Union Minister of Education: Shri Dharmendra Pradhan
• Major schemes under the Ministry of Education: Rashtriya Ucchatar
Shiksha Abhiyan, PM Poshan Scheme, IMPRESS scheme, etc.
The Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize was established in 1990 by
UNESCO:
✓ Nelson Mandela and Frederik W. De Klerk (both from South Africa)
were the first laureates in 1992
The Prize is intended to honour living individuals and active public or
private bodies that have made a significant contribution to promoting
peace in conformity with the Charter of the UN.
(UNESCO), a specialised agency of the UN, was formed in 1945.
✓ Headquarters: Paris, France
✓ Director General: Ms. Audrey Azoulay (France)
• Other major UNESCO Awards: UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the
Popularization of Science, UNESCO Niels Bohr Gold Medal, etc.
• 2021 Nobel Peace Prize: Ms. Maria Ressa (Filipino-American journalist)
and Mr. Dmitry Muratov (Russian journalist).
Authority (IAA) under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
India today has two operational research stations in Antarctica named
Maitri (Commissioned in 1989) and Bharati (Commissioned in 2012).
✓ Another station, Dakshin Gangotri, was built in 1983-84; but closed
in 1990.

17 Enforcement Directorate (ED) •
News: SC to hear plea against
tenure extension of ED director
Shri Sanjay Kumar Mishra.
18 Udyam Portal • The Udyam Registration Portal was launched on 1st July, 2020.
News: The Ministry of MSME
celebrated the landmark of 1
crore registrations on its •
Udyam Portal.
19 Financial Inclusion Index
News: The Reserve Bank of
India has released the Financial •
Inclusion Index for the year
ended 31st March 2022.
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✓ Indian Arctic station ‘Himadri’ is located at Ny Alesund, Spitsbergen
Island, Norway; since 2008.
• Antarctica is the southernmost continent and does not have any
indigenous population. It is used for scientific and peaceful purposes as
per the Antarctic Treaty that came into force on June 23, 1961.
• Another major convention is the Convention on the Conservation of
Antarctic Marine Living Resources; signed on 20th May, 1980.
✓ Purpose: for the preservation and conservation of marine living
resources in Antarctica.
✓ India ratified the Convention on 17th June, 1985.
Enforcement Directorate or the Directorate of Enforcement is a
specialized financial investigation agency under the Department of
Revenue, Ministry of Finance.
• ED was formed on 1st May 1956 as an ‘Enforcement Unit’. In 1957, it was
renamed as ‘Enforcement Directorate’.
• ED enforces the following laws:
✓ Foreign Exchange Management Act,1999 (FEMA)
✓ Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA)
✓ Since April 2018, ED is also entrusted with the enforcement of
Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA).
• Director: Shri Sanjay Kumar Mishra, IRS
• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), the main investigating agency of
the Central Government, was set up in 1963.
✓ Comes under the administrative control of the Ministry of Personnel,
Public Grievances and Pensions.
✓ It was launched by the Ministry of MSME (Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises).
It’s an online system for registering MSMEs. It is linked to the databases
of the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and Goods and Services Tax
Network (GSTN).
• eSHRAM portal: developed by the Ministry of Labour & Employment.
✓ Aims to create a National Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW)
for optimum realization of their employability.
✓ It is the first-ever national database of unorganised workers
including migrant workers, construction workers, gig and platform
workers.
• Other major e-governance initiatives in news: ICEDASH, ICEGATE, ATITHI,
PARIVESH, SUPACE, FASTER, SUVAS, etc.
• Highlight: India’s Financial Inclusion Index has improved to 56.4 from
53.9 in the previous year 2021.
The FI Index incorporates details of banking, investments, insurance,
postal as well as the pension sector in consultation with Government and
respective sectoral regulators (developed in 2021).
• The index captures information on various aspects of financial inclusion
in a single value ranging between 0 and 100.
✓ While 0 represents complete financial exclusion and 100 indicates
full financial inclusion.
 • FI Index has three broad parameters: Access (35%), Usage (45%) and
Quality (20%)
• Other major index of RBI: Digital Payments Index
20 Panchamrit • India at the 26th session of the COP26 (Glasgow, UK) to the United
News: Cabinet approves India’s Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has
Updated Nationally presented the ‘Panchamrit’.
✓ Panchamrit is the update to India’s existing NDC.
Determined Contribution
✓ India submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
(NDC).
(NDC) to UNFCCC on 2nd October, 2015.
• India’s Panchamrit are,
✓ India will reach its non-fossil energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030.
✓ India will meet 50 percent of its energy requirements from
renewable energy by 2030.
✓ India will reduce the total projected carbon emissions by one billion
tonnes from now onwards till 2030.
✓ By 2030, India will reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by less
than 45 percent.
✓ By 2070, India will achieve the target of Net Zero.
21 Parliamentary Privileges • Parliamentary privileges are special rights, immunities and exemptions
MPs have no immunity in enjoyed by the members of the two Houses of Parliament.
criminal cases during session: • Such privileges are mentioned in,
Venkaiah Naidu. ✓ Article 105: Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and
of the members and committees thereof
✓ Article 194: Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of State
Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof
• Parliament has not made any special law to exhaustively codify all the
privileges.
• Under Article 105, the MPs are exempted from any civil liability (not
criminal liability) for any statement made or act done in the course of
their duties.
• The members enjoy freedom from arrest in any civil case 40 days before
and after the adjournment of the house and also when the house is in
session.
22 President and Vice President • Smt. Droupadi Murmu from Odisha was elected as the 15th President of
News: elections were held to India in July 2022 (defeated Shri Yashwant Sinha).
elect new President and Vice • Shri. Jagdeep Dhankhar from Rajasthan was elected as the 14th Vice
President of India. President of India (defeated Smt. Margaret Alva).
• Electoral College of President of India:
✓ Elected members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State Legislative
Assemblies
✓ No nominated members (MPs/MLAs) are involved
✓ MLCs (Members of Legislative Council) in some States are not
involved.
• Electoral College of Vice-President of India:
✓ Members of both Houses of Parliament (both elected and
nominated)
✓ No role for MLAs and MLCs

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23 Minerals Security Partnership • The Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) is an initiative by the United
News: India is not yet a part of States to bolster critical mineral supply chains.
US-led Minerals Security ✓ Major partnering countries are: Australia, Canada, Finland, France,
Partnership. Germany, Japan, EU, UK, etc.
• MSP aims to ensure that critical minerals are produced in a manner that
supports the ability of countries to realize the full economic
development benefit.
• Critical minerals the building blocks of essential modern-day
technologies such as mobile phones, computers, electric vehicles and
green technologies.
✓ Examples: Nickel, Lithium, Cobalt, etc.
• China is the largest producer of many of the world's critical minerals
(produced a 97.7% share of the world's gallium, 84.2% of the world's
magnesium, and 84.2% of bismuth in 2021).
• In July 2022, India and Australia decided to strengthen their partnership
in critical minerals through the ‘India-Australia Critical Minerals
Investment Partnership’.
24 START and NEW START • The New START Treaty between the United States of America and the
News: Russia halts US Russia aims at the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms.
inspections of nuclear arsenal ✓ Entered into force in February, 2011.
under New START treaty. • The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty-1 (START), signed in 1991, also
limited the number of strategic delivery vehicles and warheads.
• Other major treaties between the US and Russia:
✓ Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
✓ Strategic Arms Limitation Talks-1 (SALT)
✓ Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT)
25 World Population Prospects • The United Nations’ World Population Prospects 2022 was released on
2022 World Population Day (July 11).
News: UN World Population • Major findings:
Prospects (WPP) 2022 says ✓ World population to reach eight billion by mid-November 2022.
that India is projected to ✓ Presently 1.417 billion, India’s population is expected to rise to 1.429
surpass China as the world’s
billion to surpass China.
most populous country in
2023. ✓ India’s fertility rate is expected to dip from 2.01 presently to 1.78 in
2050 and 1.69 in 2100 (global average at present is 2.3).
• Flagship Reports of the United Nations:
✓ Global Environment Outlook: UN Environment Programme
✓ Human Development Report: UN Development Programme
✓ State of the World's Children: UN Children's Fund
✓ State of Food and Agriculture: FAO
✓ State of World Population: UN Population Fund
26 SEBI • Blue bonds are a mode of sustainable finance for various blue economy-
News: Sebi proposes blue related activities, including oceanic resource mining and sustainable
bonds concept for sustainable fishing.
financing activities. • The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was constituted as a
non-statutory body on April 12, 1988 through a resolution.
✓ Established as a statutory body under the SEBI Act, 1992.
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27 ESI Scheme and PM-JAY
News: Union Minister of
Labour & Employment
announces expansion of ESI •
Scheme and convergence with
PM-JAY in all the Districts of •
the country.
28 Grameen Udyami Project
News: Grameen Udyami
Project launched in Ranchi to
promote skill development and •
Entrepreneurship amongst the
tribal youth.
29 Ethanol Blending in India
News: India achieved 10%
ethanol blending target ahead
of schedule.
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✓ Headquarters of SEBI: Mumbai
• Functions: To protect the interests of investors in securities, to promote
the development of, and to regulate the securities market.
• Chairperson: Smt. Madhabi Puri Buch (first woman chair)
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) was launched on 23rd
September, 2018 in Ranchi, Jharkhand by the Shri Narendra Modi.
✓ It is the largest health assurance scheme in the world.
Aim: To provide a health cover of Rs. 5 lakhs per family per year for
secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to 50 crore beneficiaries.
Key Features of PM-JAY:
✓ Covers up to 3 days of pre-hospitalization and 15 days post-
hospitalization expenses.
✓ All pre–existing conditions are covered from day one.
✓ There is no restriction on the family size, age or gender.
✓ Cost of implementation is shared between the Central and State
Governments.
• The Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), formed in 1952, is a
statutory body under the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
✓ Implements the ESI Scheme stipulated in the ESI Act 1948.
• Union Minister of Labour & Employment: Shri Bhupender Yadav
• Maor schemes of the Ministry of Labour and Employment:
✓ Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM- SYM)
✓ Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY)
✓ Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY)
• The second phase of Grameen Udyami Project was launched on 20th
August 2022 by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC).
✓ Launched by Shri Arjun Munda, Union Minister of Tribal affairs.
Grameen Udyami is a unique multiskilling project, funded by NSDC that
aims to train 450 tribal students in Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand.
✓ It is being implemented in six states: Maharashtra, Rajasthan,
Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Gujarat.
• The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is a not-for-profit
public limited company incorporated on July 31, 2008 under the
Companies Act, 1956 (now2013).
• The Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE) holds 49%
of the share capital of NSDC, while the private sector has the balance
51% of the share capital.
• The National Policy on Biofuels 2018, provides an indicative target of 20%
ethanol blending under the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme by
2025.
✓ The original target for India was to raise this ratio to 20% by 2030,
but that deadline was pushed back to 2025.
✓ Notified by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (Minister: Shri
Hardeep S Puri)
• Presently, the target of supplying petrol mixed with 10% ethanol (90%
petrol) was achieved in June, 2022 ahead of the original schedule of
November 2022.
• Related schemes in news:
 ✓ Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN (Jaiv Indhan- Vatavaran Anukool fasal
awashesh Nivaran) Yojana to boost R&D in 2G Ethanol sector.
✓ GOBAR (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources) DHAN scheme of
Jal Shakti ministry to manage and convert cattle dung and solid
waste in farms to useful compost, biogas and bio-CNG.
30 OTEC Plant in Lakshadweep • Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) produces energy by
News: India's maiden Ocean harnessing the temperature differences between ocean surface waters
Thermal Energy Conversion and deep ocean waters.
(OTEC) project is coming up in ✓ India’s geographical advantage: around 2000 kms of coast length
Kavaratti, capital of along the South Indian coast, where a temperature difference of
Lakshadweep. above 20oC is available throughout the year.
• The project is being established by the National Institute of Ocean
Technology (NIOT).
✓ Established in November 1993; Comes under the Union Ministry of
Earth Sciences (Minister: Dr Jitendra Singh)
✓ Aims to develop reliable indigenous technologies to solve the
problems associated with harvesting of non-living and living
resources in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone.
31 Arth Ganga • ‘Arth Ganga’ means a sustainable development model with a focus on
News: Union Jal Shakti Minister economic activities related to Ganga.
Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat • Arth Ganga initiatives were launched during the event ‘Yamuna Par Azadi
launched new initiatives under Ka Amrit Mahotsav’ organised by National Mission for Clean Ganga
Arth Ganga. (NMCG).
✓ NMCG under the Ministry of Jal Shakti is the implementation wing of
National Ganga Council, which implements the Namami Gange
Programme.
• Arth Ganga initiatives includes,
✓ Jalaj initiative: to achieve sustainable economic development by
public participation along the Ganga basin states.
✓ ImAvatar portal to promote livelihood opportunities along the
Ganga basin through tourism.
32 Ramsar Convention • India has added 11 more wetlands to the list of Ramsar sites to make
th
News: 75 Ramsar Sites in 75 total 75 Ramsar sites covering an area of 13,26,677 ha in the country.
Year of Independence. ✓ Now, Tamil Nadu has the maximum number of Ramsar sites (14),
followed by Uttar Pradesh (10).
• The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty providing for the
conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.
✓ Also known as the Convention on Wetlands, it was adopted on
February 2, 1971, in the Iranian city of Ramsar.
✓ Came into force in 1975; India became a party in 1982.
• First sites in India are the Chilika Lake in Odisha and Keoladeo NP in
Rajasthan (both in 1981).
✓ First site in the world: Cobourg Peninsula in Australia (1974).
✓ Maximum sites in the World: United Kingdom (175 sites)
• There are no Ramsar Sites in Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, etc.

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33 Coalition for Disaster Resilient •
Infrastructure (CDRI)
News: Centre signs
headquarters agreement with •
CDRI, enables international
status.
34 New Elephant Reserve
News: Union Minister for
Environment, Forest and •
Climate Change Bhupender
Yadav notified India’s 31st
elephant reserve
Agasthiyamalai in Tamil Nadu. •
35 e-Samadhan portal • A new student grievance redressal platform, "e-Samadhan", is being
News: UGC to launch 'e-
Samadhan' portal.
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• While the largest in India is the Sundarban Wetland (West Bengal), the
smallest is the Renuka Wetland (Himachal Pradesh).
The Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) is a global
partnership to increase the resilience of infrastructure systems to
climate and disaster risks.
The CDRI, an India-led initiative, was officially launched in 2019 at the
United Nations Climate Action Summit in New York by Shri Narendra
Modi.
✓ CDRI Secretariat is in New Delhi
✓ CDRI is India's second major global initiative after the International
Solar Alliance.
• The Infrastructure for Resilient Island States (IRIS), the first major
initiative by the CDRI, was launched on 2nd November 2021 at COP26,
Glasgow, UK.
✓ IRIS aims to support island countries in achieving sustainable
development through a resilient, sustainable and inclusive
infrastructure.
• The Agasthiyamalai ER will be the 31st ER in the country after Singphan
ER in Nagaland was notified in 2018.
The Indian elephant (Elephas maximus) is included in,
✓ Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
✓ Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES)
✓ Endangered in the IUCN Red List.
The Indian elephant is found in 16 states in the country. As per 2017
census, the population of elephants in India is 27,312.
✓ Karnataka had the highest number of elephants (6,049), followed by
Assam (5,719) and Kerala (3,054).
• The ‘Project Elephant’ is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in
February 1992 for the protection of elephants, their habitats and
corridors.
• Project Tiger is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change launched in 1973.
launched by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
✓ This new centralised portal will monitor and resolve all grievances of
students and staff members in varsities.
• The University Grants Commission (UGC) came into existence on 28th
December, 1953.
✓ UGC became a statutory organization in 1956.
✓ Comes under the Ministry of Education (Minister: Shri Dharmedra
Pradhan)
• It aims for the coordination, determination and maintenance of
standards of teaching, examination in university education.
✓ UGS headquarters is in New Delhi. It has six regional centres
including one in Hyderabad.
• Chairman: Shri Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar (former vice-chancellor of the
Jawaharlal Nehru University).
 • Other grievance redressal platforms in news:
✓ Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System
(CPGRAMS)
✓ Integrated Grievance Redress Mechanism (INGRAM)
36 National Pharmaceutical • The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) was constituted in
Pricing Authority 1997 through a Government of India Resolution.
News: Silver Jubilee ✓ It comes under the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of
Celebrations of National Chemicals & Fertilizers.
Pharmaceutical Pricing ✓ Minister of Chemical and Fertilizers: Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya
Authority. • The NPPA is an independent Regulator for pricing of drugs and to ensure
availability and accessibility of medicines at affordable prices.
✓ Chairman: Shri Kamlesh Kumar Pant, IAS
• The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), the Central
Drug Authority, functions under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
(Minister: Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya).
✓ Its responsibilities are entrusted under the Drugs & Cosmetics
Act,1940 and rules 1945.
• CDSCO is responsible for,
✓ Approval of Drugs, Conduct of Clinical Trials, set the standards for
drugs and control over the quality of imported drug.
• The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI), the head of CDSCO is Dr.
Venugopal G Somani.
37 Tuberculosis • Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium
News: WHO releases updated tuberculosis.
guidance on national strategic ✓ The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any
planning for tuberculosis. part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain.
✓ Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine for TB disease.
• Recently, President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu virtually launched the
Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan.
✓ This campaign aims to eradicate TB from India by 2025.
✓ The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals has set a target
for all nations to eradicate TB by 2030.
• Other TB related initiatives in news:
✓ NI-KSHAY is the web enabled patient management system for TB
control; maintained by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
✓ Nikshay Poshan Yojna was launched in 2018 by the Ministry of Health
and Family Welfare to support TB patients through a Direct Benefit
Transfer of Rs 500/month for nutritional needs.
38 Small Satellite Launch Vehicle • The SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission was launched on 7th August, 2022, from
News: The maiden flight of Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota.
ISRO’s newly developed Small ✓ Later, the mission failed to place the satellites in their required orbits
Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) and the satellites were lost.
suffered a setback. • It was the maiden flight of its newly developed Small Satellite Launch
Vehicle (SSLV). It carried an Earth observation satellite EOS-02 and co-
passenger students' satellite AzaadiSAT.
• Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) is a three stage Launch Vehicle
configured with three Solid Propulsion Stages.

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39 James Webb Space Telescope •
News: NASA’s James Webb
Space Telescope has captured
new images of Jupiter.
40 Chandler wobble
News: Earth records shortest
day, completes rotation in less •
than 24 hours.
41 Kala Azar • The World Health Organisation (WHO) Neglected Tropical Diseases Road
News: The Government of
India has set the target to
eliminate Kala-azar by 2023
from the country. • Kala-azar/ Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite of
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✓ It also has a liquid propulsion-based Velocity Trimming Module
(VTM) as a terminal stage.
• SSLV is 2m in diameter and 34m in length with lift off weight of ~120
tonnes.
✓ SSLV is capable of launching ~500kg satellite in 500km planar orbit
from SDSC.
• Major operational launchers of ISRO are: PSLV, GSLV, GSLV Mk III (most
powerful till date).
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST or Webb) is a large infrared
telescope with an approximately 6.5-meter primary mirror.
✓ The telescope was launched on an Ariane 5 rocket from French
Guiana in 2021.
• JSWT aims to study every phase in the history of our Universe, ranging
from the first luminous glows after the Big Bang.
✓ It was formerly known as the Next Generation Space Telescope.
• JWST is an international collaboration between NASA, the European
Space Agency (ESA), and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).
✓ Webb is the largest space telescope ever launched.
• Facts about Jupiter:
✓ Fifth in line from the Sun, Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar
system.
✓ It has big storms like the Great Red Spot, which has been going for
hundreds of years.
✓ Jupiter is a gas giant and doesn't have a solid surface, but it may have
a solid inner core.
• Breaking the record for the shortest day, Earth on July 29 completed a
full spin in 1.59 milliseconds less than its standard 24 hours.
Earth has recently been increasing its rotational speed, as in 2020 the
Earth witnessed its shortest month since the 1960s.
• Before this, the Earth had recorded its shortest day on July 19, 2020,
when it completed a full spin in less than 1.47 milliseconds than the
standard 24-hour duration.
• Some experts suggest that the shortened length of the day could be
related to the ‘Chandler wobble’.
• Chandler wobble (variation of latitude) is a phenomenon that refers to
the small deviation in the movement of Earth’s geographical poles.
✓ Named after Seth Carlo Chandler (1846-1913), an American
astronomer.
map has the target set for Kala-azar elimination is 2030.
✓ Neglected tropical diseases: a diverse group of communicable
diseases that prevail in tropical and subtropical countries.
the genus Leishmania.
✓ It is a neglected tropical disease caused by a parasite called
Leishmania, which is transmitted through the bite of infected female
phlebotomine sandflies.

42 Langya henipavirus
News: Cases of a novel Langya
henipavirus (LayV), a zoonotic
virus, has been reported in
Shandong and Henan
provinces of China.
. following an outbreak of disease in pigs and people in Malaysia and
43 Adichanallur • The diadems (royal headbands) were found in a site located near to the
News: 120 years after British
archaeologist Alexander Rea •
found gold diadems at
Adichanallur, the ASI also
found a similar one.
44 SMILE-75 Initiative
News: The Social Justice and
Empowerment Ministry on •
Friday launched the 'SMILE-75'
initiative.
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✓ In India Leishmania donovani is the only parasite that causes this
disease.
• The parasite primarily infects the reticulo-endothelial system and may
be found in abundance in bone marrow, spleen and liver.
• Government of India has launched a centrally sponsored Kala-azar
Control Programme in the endemic states in 1990-91.
• Major protozoan parasitic diseases in news:
✓ Malaria, Lymphatic filariasis, Toxoplasmosis, etc.
• The shrew (a small insectivorous mammal resembling a mouse) might be
a natural reservoir of Langya virus.
✓ Types of Henipaviruses identified prior to this are Hendra, Nipah,
Cedar, Mojiang and the Ghanaian bat virus.
• Nipah virus (NiV), another zoonotic virus, was first discovered in 1999
Singapore.
✓ Family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus.
✓ The animal host reservoir for NiV is the fruit bat (genus Pteropus),
also known as the flying fox.
• There are currently no drugs or vaccines specific for Nipah virus infection.
• In India, the first Nipah virus disease outbreak was reported in Siliguri in
2001, followed by a second outbreak in Nadia in 2007, both in West
Bengal.
• In 2018, an outbreak was reported in Kozhikode and in 2019, another
outbreak in Kochi, both in Kerala.
bank of the river Thamirabarani.
Adichanallur is an archaeological site in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu. It is
believed to have a civilisation dating between 1000 BC and 600 BC.
✓ Adichanallur is located very near to Korkai, the capital of the Early
Pandyan Kingdom.
• The Thamirabarani River originates in the Pothigai hills (Agasthiyar
Mountain) of the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu and drains into the Gulf
of Mannar.
• Other ancient places in Tamil Nadu in news are: Keeladi, Kodumanal,
Sivagalai, etc.
• Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the premier organization for the
archaeological research, comes under the Ministry of Culture.
• The ASI was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham, the first
Director-General of ASI.
✓ Present Director General: Smt. V. Vidyavathi, IAS
✓ Union Minister of Culture: Shri G. Kishan Reddy
• In the SMILE-75 Initiative, ‘SMILE’ stands for ‘Support for Marginalised
Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise’.
The initiative was launched in new Delhi on 12th August 2022 by the
Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment.
✓ Union Minister: Shri Virendra Kumar Khatik
 • Under the “SMILE-75 Initiative”, 75 identified Municipal Corporations
will undertake comprehensive rehabilitation of persons engaged in the
act of begging.
• Major schemes of Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment:
✓ Atal Vayo Abhyuday Yojana
✓ Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme to promote Voluntary
Action for Persons with Disabilities
✓ Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas Yojana
45 Saksham Anganwadi and • ‘Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0' was approved by the Government
Poshan 2.0 of India for implementation during 2021-22 to 2025-26.
News: Ministry of Women and • Recently, the Integrated Child Development Services and POSHAN (PM's
Child Development issues Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment) Abhiyaan were
Guidelines of ‘Saksham restructured into Saksham Anganwadi and POSHAN 2.0
Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0'. • Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0: Integrated Nutrition Support
Programme to address the challenges of malnutrition in children,
adolescent girls, pregnant women and lactating mothers.
✓ Union Minister of Women and Child Development: Smt. Smriti Irani
• Major schemes of Ministry of Women and Child Development:
✓ National Creche Scheme for Children of Working Mothers
✓ One Stop Centres
✓ Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
✓ Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana
46 Atal Bridge • The Atal bridge, named after former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee,
News: PM Modi inaugurated is a nearly 300m long pedestrian bridge in Sabarmati.
Atal Bridge on Sabarmati River. • The Sabarmati River is a west-flowing river in India.
✓ Origin: Aravalli Range, Rajasthan
✓ Mouth: Gulf of Khambhat of Arabian Sea
✓ Major tributaries: Sei, Wakal, Harnav, Watrak and Hathmati
• India’s Longest River Bridges:
✓ Bhupen Hazarika Setu (Dhola Sadiya Bridge): across Lohit River in
Assam
✓ Dibang River Bridge in Arunachal Pradesh
✓ Mahatma Gandhi Setu across Ganges River in Bihar
47 Operation Skylight • The Indian Army has recently conducted the first of its kind large-scale
News: Skylight: Indian Army’s exercise to boost its space domain capabilities.
space domain exercise. ✓ Codenamed Operation Skylight, it tested the operational readiness
of Army’s satellite communication assets.
✓ The Indian Army is looking to have its own Satellite GSAT-7B by 2025.
• Other major operations in news:
✓ Operation Ganga 2022: Initiative launched by the government of
India to bring back Indians stranded in Ukraine.
✓ Operation Octopus 2022: National Investigation Agency’s operation
on the Popular Front of India
✓ Operation Raahat 2015: Launched to evacuate Indian citizens and
foreign nationals during the Yemen Crisis.
✓ Vande Bharat Mission 2020: Launched to facilitate return of
stranded Indian nationals abroad during Covid19.

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48 President's Colours
News: Shri Venkaiah Naidu
presented President’s Colours
to Tamil Nadu police.
49 Two-state solution
News: Israeli Prime Minister
Yair Lapid has called for a two- •
state solution to decades of
Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
50 Military Exercises in News
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✓ Operation Samudra Setu 2020: Naval operation to bring home Indian
citizens from overseas during the pandemic.
• The President’s Colour is the highest honour given to the military,
paramilitary and police forces of States and Union Territories.
✓ It is given in recognition of exceptional service rendered to the
Nation, both in peace and in war.
• The Indian Navy was the first Indian Armed Force, to be awarded the
President Colour by Dr Rajendra Prasad on 27th May 1951.
• In march 2022, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presented the President’s Colour
to INS Valsura, an establishment of the Indian Navy in Jamnagar, Gujarat.
• INS Valsura, established on 5th December 1942, is a premier training
establishment of the Indian Navy.
• The ‘two-state solution’ proposes resolving the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict by establishing two states for two peoples.
The concept of "one country, two systems", often seen in news, is related
to China’s administration over the regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
• Other territorial disputes in news:
✓ Nagorno-Karabakh dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan
✓ Tigray crisis in Ethiopia
✓ Gibraltar dispute between Spain and UK
✓ Kurdistan dispute in Iraq, Syria and Turkey
✓ Kalapani dispute between India and Nepal
✓ Falkland Islands dispute: Argentina and Sri Lanka
• Exercise AL NAJAH-IV 2022 between Indian Army and Royal Army of
Oman was held in Bikaner, Rajasthan.
• Ex VINBAX 2022, the 3rd Edition of Vietnam India Bilateral Army Exercise,
was held in Chandimandir, Haryana.
• The Indian Air Force participated in Exercise Pitch Black 2022 hosted by
the Royal Australian Air Force.
• Exercise Vajra Prahar 2022, the 13th edition of the India – US Joint Special
Forces exercise, was held in Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh.
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