Speakers: Silla, Valerio, Catungal, and Galvez

Prime Minister:
Deputy:
Member of the Government:
Government Whip:

Notes and Instructions:

● Refrain from relying on information from Wikipedia, as it can be easily changed by anyone
and is not considered a credible source.
● TagLish is allowed.
● Each of us (except from Speakers) is required to provide one pro and one con argument,
along with a question and its corresponding answer. References must be included at the
end of each argument. Please ensure your name is placed at the top of your contribution,
as it will be listed in the final list of members.
○ 1 topic argument for pro, 1 topic argument for con. 1 q&a for pro, 1 question
for con.
○ You can choose as many topics as you want as long as you can provide a good
argument with a solid basis.
○ Minimum of 2 sentences each for arguments and answers.
○ No contribution = No grade
● Identical content is prohibited; you will be needed to redo your task if I find out that your
content matches other members' tasks.
● Deadline: On or before Feb 23, 10 am.
○ Late submission = No grade

PRO SIDE: Topics include but are not limited to:

● RA 1425
○ Discuss the educational value of studying Rizal's life and works in schools.
○ Argue that officially declaring him as the national hero would enhance the
educational system's focus on Philippine history.
● Contributions to Philippine Independence:
○ Analyze Rizal's role in inspiring Filipinos towards the pursuit for independence.
○ Examine his writings, such as "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," and how
they fueled nationalist sentiments.
● Cultural Impact:
○ Evaluate Rizal's influence on Filipino culture, including literature, arts, and
education.
○ Examine how his ideas have shaped the cultural narrative and identity of the
Philippines.
● Global Recognition:
○ Highlight Rizal's international recognition and acclaim for his works and ideas.
● Moral and Ethical Leadership:
 ○ Emphasize Rizal's commitment to non-violence and his emphasis on education
and enlightenment.
○ Compare his leadership style with other potential national heroes
● Inspiration for Future Generations:
○ Argue how Rizal's life story can serve as an inspiration for present and future
generations.
● Symbolic Representation:
○ Discuss the symbolic significance of Rizal in representing the struggle for
Philippine independence.

CON SIDE: Topics include but are not limited to:

● Multiple Heroes Perspective:
○ Argue that officially declaring Dr. Jose Rizal as the sole national hero overlooks the
contributions and sacrifices of other Philippine heroes who played significant roles
in the struggle for independence.
● Ethnic and Cultural Diversity:
○ Highlight that the emphasis on Dr. Jose Rizal may neglect the diverse ethnic and
cultural backgrounds of other heroes who may have equally contributed to the
nation's history.
● Limited Scope of Rizal's Influence:
○ Argue that while Dr. Jose Rizal made important contributions, his influence might
be limited to certain aspects of the revolution, and other heroes may have played
more crucial roles in specific regions or circumstances.
● Political Agenda and Bias:
○ Critique the selection of a national hero as influenced by political agendas or
biases, suggesting that other deserving figures might have been overlooked due to
political considerations.
● Controversial Aspects of Rizal's Legacy:
○ Discuss any controversial or conflicting aspects of Dr. Jose Rizal's life, writings, or
beliefs, and argue that these elements make him a less suitable candidate for the
singular title of national hero.
● Relevance to Modern Society:
○ Contend that the criteria for a national hero should evolve to reflect the changing
needs and values of modern Philippine society, and therefore, Dr. Jose Rizal may
not be the most relevant symbol for today's generation.
Regis, Meg Nadine Allison L.
PRO SIDE: Rizal's role in inspiring Filipinos towards the pursuit for independence.
A1:The phrase "The pen is mightier than the sword" aptly describes Jose Rizal's strategy for
promoting independence and reform in the Philippines in the late 1800s. Rizal, known as the
"Penman of the Revolution," opted to use his pen as a powerful instrument for social revolution
rather than engaging in military insurrection. That is why the Americans proposed to the
Philippine Commission, which was sponsored by the United States, that Jose Rizal be designated
a national hero of the Filipino people. This is through American Governor William Howard Taft.
Because of his execution by the Spaniards and his nonviolent approach to liberty, Americans
embraced Rizal. Unlike Andres Bonifacio, whose desire for independence for his motherland
required the use of force.
Rizal's most significant achievements came via his literary works, notably his novels "Noli Me
Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo." These books revealed the injustices and abuses of Spanish
colonial power, shining attention on the Filipino people's difficulties. Rizal's meticulously designed
characters and storylines aimed to raise awareness and promote a feeling of national
consciousness.
In his vision of reform, Rizal promotes education as a vital instrument for societal and national
progress in the Philippines. His support for education was founded on the notion that an
enlightened and educated people might bring about constructive reforms, social development,
and, eventually, Philippine independence.
Rizal's commitment to nonviolence and nonviolent resistance distinguished him from some of his
contemporaries who preferred armed warfare. He felt that change might be brought about by
awareness, education, and legal methods and using force as his last resort. Rizal's preference for
the pen over the sword reflected his devotion to a more intellectual and diplomatic approach to
obtaining Philippine independence.
A2: Rizal did not urge IMMEDIATE independence because he wanted non-violence and believed
in achieving change through peaceful and intellectual means. While he acknowledged the
grievances against Spanish rule, he did not endorse armed rebellion as a solution. Instead, Rizal
championed education, enlightenment, and diplomacy as tools for societal transformation and
maybe will make this a slow approach to independence to avoid casualties.
However, his thoughts and deeds were mostly focused on his nation. José Rizal's ultimate truth
and purpose were undeniably his beloved Philippines. Rizal's work, including poetry, novels,
essays, articles, speeches, and letters, reflected his deep love of the Philippines. Despite his
limited life, he actively contributed to the nation's progress. The young intellectual opposed
injustice, recognized corruptors, criticized the selfish, and tirelessly urged all of his fellow citizens,
both Spanish and Filipino, to work for the greater good. At the same time, Rizal fought tirelessly
to present the Filipino people with tangible proof of their worth as a national population.Perhaps
the most concise expression of Rizal's notion of ultimate reality and
His final poem, "Mi último adiós" ("My Final Farewell"), written on the eve of his death by a
Spanish firing squad on December 30, 1896, holds significance. Rizal states that he now gives
his life for the Philippines, his ultimate reality and good. Rizal's critical edition of Antonio de
Morga's Sucesos de las islas filipinas (1609) was inspired by his work Noli me tangere. Rizal’s
dedication of his critical edition, “To the Filipinos,” clarifies exactly how Rizal had hoped to free his
homeland from these “stains and stigma of shame”:
For Rizal, love of his Philippine homeland and dedication to its betterment were the unquestioned
ultimate reality and meaning of his life, which he stated in the clearest, yet most elegant of words
in yet another of his celebrated letters: “If one must die, at least let him die in his country, for the
good of his country, and on behalf of his country”

CON SIDE
Q1:Among the most outstanding critics of Dr. Rizal is the revered professor of history, Renato
Constantino. In his book, “Veneration without Understanding,” Professor Constantino advanced
one major argument against Dr. Rizal’s place in the hearts of Filipinos.
He explained that, in contrast to the “national heroes” of other Asian countries, Dr. Rizal did not
lead our fight for independence from colonial masters. He wrote:
“In the histories of many nations, the national revolution represents a peak of achievement to
which the minds of man return time and again in reverence and for a renewal of faith in freedom.
For the national revolution is invariably the one period in a nation’s history when the people were
most united, most involved, and most decisively active in the fight for freedom. It is not to be
wondered at, therefore, that almost always the leader of that revolution becomes the principal
hero of his people.
"There is Washington for the United States, Lenin for the Soviet Union, Bolivar for Latin America,
Sun Yat Sen, then Mao Tse-Tung for China and Ho Chi Minh for Vietnam. The unity between the
venerated mass action and the honored single individual enhances the influence of both.
"In our case, our national hero was not the leader of our revolution. In fact, he repudiated that
revolution. In no uncertain terms he placed himself against Bonifacio and those Filipinos who
were fighting for the country’s liberty.”

Q2: Some have questioned Rizal’s heroism because he was not actually fighting for Philippine
independence but rather for the country’s continuing dependency on Spain as a Spanish territory
or Spanish province. As he wrote his novels directly to the Spanish government because he
wanted reform. The Spanish friars are abusing their power. They used threats, penalties, and
accusations to subdue the Filipinos, who were oppressed. Rizal wants this issue to be fixed. In
his two works, it is highlighted how powerful and abusive the friars are that he relates to what is
really happening and the predicament of the Filipinos.

REFERENCES

Constantino, R., & Constantino, L. (1975). The Philippines: A Past Revisited. Tala Pub.
Constantino, R. (1969). Veneration Without Understanding. National Historical Commission.
Rizal, G. (2024, January). Interview with Dr DNS Dhakal. The Bhutan Journal, 5(1).
https://doi.org/10.55564/tbj51gr24byi
DeStephano, M. (2011, March). José Rizal, the Quest for Filipino Independence, and the Search
for Ultimate Reality and Meaning. Ultimate Reality and Meaning, 34(1–2), 113–129.
https://doi.org/10.3138/uram.34.1-2.113
Ricamata, Clarence R.
RA 1425
Discuss the educational value of studying Rizal's life and works in schools.

PRO SIDE:

I. The academic subject on Jose Rizal's life and works was not required by law for nothing. The
course provides numerous benefits, and some contemporary academicians believe that when
taught properly, the subject is more advantageous in various curricula.
The following is some of the significance of the subject:
● The subject helps us understand ourselves better as Filipinos. The past allows us to
better comprehend who we are. We identify ourselves not just in terms of where we are
going, but also in terms of where we have come from. As a nation, our heredity, past
behaviors, and old habits are all important clues and predictors of our current condition.
Interestingly, the life of a significant historical character such as Jose Rizal sheds
considerable light on our collective experience and identity as Filipinos. This subject's
strong understanding of the past will help us deal sensibly with the present.
● It teaches nationalism and patriotism. Nationalism refers to the desire for freedom and
political independence, particularly by a country under foreign rule, whereas patriotism
expresses ardent dedication and loyalty to one's country. Jose Rizal's works and writings
especially his novels essentially, if not perfectly, radiate these traits.
● It teaches numerous important life lessons. We can benefit from Rizal's experiences with
many adversities during his life. As a controversial person at the time, he faced a number
of major challenges and predicaments, but he answered appropriately and with a clear
head. Through the critical decisions he took throughout his life, we can see his priorities
and convictions, which demonstrate how noble, selfless, and wonderful the national hero
was. For example, his numerous resolutions demonstrated the saying that in his life, there
are things more important than personal feelings and enjoyment.

II. Importance of R.A. 1425 (the Rizal Bill) in the Philippine Education System: Instill in the
thoughts of every Filipino, particularly the younger generation, the fundamental meaning of
nationalism. Set Rizal's life as an inspiration or a role model for all Filipinos. Put into action or
reality the words spoken by Rizal, "Ang kabataan ang pag-asa ng bayan." Give credit to the
bravery of our heroes as they sacrifice their own lives for the freedom of our country and
countrymen. Insights and learnings from Rizal's stories, poems, and novels that may be used as
a basis in current issues, as it is said that "past is the reflection of the future".

CON SIDE:
Q1: Should the government enforce RA 1425, compelling students to study Jose Rizal's works,
despite the potential for limiting educational diversity and stifling critical thinking by imposing a
specific literary canon?
Enforcing RA 1425, while attempting to honor Jose Rizal's accomplishments, risks suffocating
academic freedom and educational variety. Mandating specific texts reduces educators'
autonomy and may prioritize conformity over true participation. Furthermore, it overlooks the need
of introducing students to a variety of literary ideas. Instead, we should promote the voluntary
inclusion of Rizal's works, resulting in a more dynamic and inclusive educational experience that
values both academic freedom and cultural legacy.

REFERENCE:
Ellene Jade 2021 The Importance of Studying Rizal.
nelizadc 2021 Importance of R.A. 1425 to the Philippine Educational System
b. Hau, C. S. (2000). Introduction. In Necessary fictions: Philippine literature and the nation,
1946-1980 (pp. 1–14). essay, Ateneo de Manila Univ. Press.

Toraja, Marvin B.
Cultural Impact
* Evaluate Rizal's influence on Filipino culture, including literature, arts, and education.
* Examine how his ideas have shaped the cultural narrative and identity of the Philippines

PRO SIDE: How Influential was rizal:

Jose Rizal played a crucial role in shaping nationalism and patriotism among the Filipino
people through his writings, speeches, and actions, he inspired a sense of pride, unity, and
determination that continues to influence Philippine society even to this day. His heroism
remains engraved into the minds of the Filipinos to remind them of their Filipino identity and
sense of duty in protecting it. Rizal transcends time, becoming a virtual mentor who helps people
navigate the challenges of the modern day and discover their place in history (Cetenta and
Cetenta, 2020). In his works "Noli me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," Jose Rizal spoke on
social issues that existed in the late 1800s and continue to exist now. Even though Rizal died
almost a century ago, his scathing criticisms of friar control, corrupt governance, and the
participation of some Filipinos in the colonial effort remain relevant today (Aranas et al., 2023).
Even if times have changed, there are parallels between Rizal's life and the present. In addition,
Rizal's advocacy for education as a means of improving society remains pertinent today. As the
amount of knowledge available expands, it is more crucial than ever that individuals are
knowledgeable and capable of critical thinking. Rizal's emphasis on everyone seeking knowledge
for the benefit of society is a timeless lesson on how education can change things and help
society progress (Majul, 1999).

CONS SIDE
Q1: Why is it that the implementation of the Rizal law R.A 1425, adding Rizal Works in the
education curriculum as a symbol of respect and honor for his deeds was not enough to
keep our local filipino culture and identity dominant compared to the foreign cultures that
also reach us? Many filipino's compare their own culture to foreign cultures and generates self
hate towards our own race,beliefs and own culture. Western literature gets more attention in
today's schools, hiding the rich weave of Filipino literary practices. This makes people worry
about how it will affect national awareness since young people may need to learn more about
their culture from reading books. Western literature has had a big impact on reading habits and
social rules and ideals in the Philippines. These facts make me wonder how much Filipino
culture has been shaped by stories from other places, which might make it harder to value
native points of view. Connecting to Rizal's Ideals, As we move through the complicated 21st
century, there is a clear gap between the ideas that Jose Rizal pushed and the current state of
writing and national awareness. Today's world sometimes puts global trends ahead of local
knowledge, which makes Rizal's call for education, pride, and social justice less clear. The
problem is that schools reflect the dominant culture. Back in Jose Rizal's time, his works, as well
as hundreds of other literary pieces by recognized and unknown authors, were burned to the
ground because they spoke about injustices, cruelty, and terrible deeds against Filipinos during
Spanish colonization. The colonizers did this to limit the spread of "propaganda" against them.
Comparable to today, where journalists and campaigners are silenced and slain along with their
souls for practicing proper journalism. Dirar (2007) provides a vivid example of how colonialism
reconstructs a country's national identity, political and social movements. Their articles and
editorials are regularly banned, and there is a non-stop media blackout for coverages that speak
out against and/or expose the country's administrations' corruption and injustices
(Blakemore,2023) which leads peoples to question if our Philippine history was actually real
or is it manipulated by the puppets of our enemies that brainwash today’s generations and
hides the truth about our past.

REFERENCES:
Aleonna Borla (2023) Rizal in the 21st century: The influence of his literary works
Cetenta, D. R. M., & Cetenta, D. R. M. (2020, January 10). ‘Rizal is still relevant in a
modern society.’ Palawan Daily News.
Majul, C. A. (1999). Rizal in the 21st Century: The Relevance of His Ideas and Texts.
Retrieved from https://serp-p.pids.gov.ph/publication/public/view?slug=rizal-in-
The-21st-century-the-relevance-of-his-ideas-and-texts
Aranas, J., & Lardizabal, J. (2023). Rizal’s Novels and Our Continuing Struggle for
Freedom. New City Philippines. https://newcityph.net/rizals-novels-and-our-
continuing-struggle-for-freedom/
Dirar, U. C. (2007). Colonialism and the construction of national identities: the case of Eritrea.
Journal of Eastern African Studies, 1(2), 256–276.
Blakemore, E. (2023, October 19). What is colonialism? Culture.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/colonialism#:~:text=Colonialis
m%27s%20impacts%20include%20environmental%20degradation,outlast%20on
e%20group%27s%20colonial%20rule.

Gallardo, Chris
PRO SIDE: Inspiration for Future Generations
Jose Rizal's life embodies the pursuit of intellectual excellence and lifelong learning. Rizal's
intellectual brilliance and literary achievements, particularly his novels "Noli Me Tangere" and "El
Filibusterismo," showcase the power of critical thinking, creativity, and empathy. Rizal's dedication
to education and his belief in the transformative power of knowledge can inspire future
generations to prioritize intellectual growth, curiosity, and lifelong learning as pathways to
personal and societal advancement.
Despite the injustices he witnessed, Rizal advocated for reforms through peaceful and legal
means, emphasizing the importance of dialogue, diplomacy, and constructive engagement. His
commitment to non-violence and his belief in the power of persuasion and reasoned
argumentation offer valuable lessons for future generations in navigating complex social and
political issues. Rizal's approach to social change underscores the importance of constructive
dialogue, empathy, and compromise in effecting positive transformations within society.
Rizal, a product of Spanish colonial education himself, recognized the insidious nature of colonial
indoctrination and its detrimental effects on Filipino identity and culture. Through his writings and
advocacy, Rizal sought to challenge the hegemony of colonial ideology and promote critical
thinking, enlightenment, and self-awareness among his countrymen.

QUESTION

How does Jose Rizal's life and legacy continue to inspire future generations of Filipinos, and what
lessons can they learn from his experiences and contributions?

Jose Rizal's life and legacy continue to inspire future generations of Filipinos through his
unwavering commitment to education, his advocacy for social reform, and his embodiment of
moral courage and resilience in the face of adversity.

Rizal's dedication to education and knowledge empowers individuals to pursue learning and
critical thinking as tools for personal and societal advancement. His belief in the transformative
power of education encourages future generations to prioritize intellectual growth, curiosity, and
lifelong learning as pathways to success and fulfillment.

CONSIDE: Multiple Heroes Perspective

While Rizal undoubtedly made invaluable contributions through his writings and activism, he was
not the only figure to do so. Other heroes, such as Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, and
Apolinario Mabini, also played pivotal roles in mobilizing the masses, leading revolutionary
movements, and drafting the country's first constitution. By solely focusing on Rizal, the
contributions of these other heroes are marginalized, and their stories are relegated to the
sidelines of history.

The struggle for independence was not solely the work of intellectuals like Rizal but also of
peasants, workers, indigenous leaders, and women who fought for their rights and freedoms.
Figures such as Gabriela Silang, Tandang Sora, and Diego Silang exemplify the diverse array of
actors involved in the resistance against colonial rule. Ignoring their contributions in favor of Rizal
perpetuates a narrow and elitist view of Philippine history, neglecting the grassroots movements
and collective struggles that characterized the fight for independence.

By promoting Rizal as the sole national hero, these elites sought to pacify nationalist sentiments
and suppress more radical movements advocating for genuine independence and social justice.
This selective elevation of Rizal overlooks the revolutionary spirit and sacrifices of other heroes
who challenged colonial domination and sought to build a more equitable and democratic society.
QUESTION

Should Dr. Jose Rizal be officially recognized as the sole national hero of the Philippines, or
should the contributions and sacrifices of other Philippine heroes?

REFERENCES:

https://bangkanixiao.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/renato-constantino-veneration-without-understa
nding.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351624444_The_Philippines_A_Past_Revisited

Codilan, Oeveryll D.

PRO SIDE:

Symbolic Representation:
- Discuss the symbolic significance of Rizal in representing the struggle for Philippine
independence.

JOSE RIZAL AS A NATIONAL SYMBOL

“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”-George Santayana

“I have come to a realization of the different kinds of Rizal. I no longer see Rizal objectively
wherein the main focus is the person who died in Bagumbayan. Rizal, for me, is now a
symbol that now lives in every Filipino. He symbolizes love for one’s country that fervently
burns in every Filipino. He is the epitome of nationalism that further makes me proud of
my heritage. It is through this symbolism that I have realized that the experiences of
Filipinos – the struggles, hardships, and trials – are the common denominator that unites
us into one country. Moreover, through taking this course I have developed a clearer and
better perspective of what it takes to be a Filipino, and how one should take pride in being
one.” – Isagani Marquez

The works of Jose Rizal played an important role in building the nation. Through his works, he
has proven the pen is certainly mightier than the sword. He has relayed his messages to Filipinos
through each word of his pieces, and entailed with them is a step closer to enlightenment.

“Where are the youth who will consecrate their golden hours, their illusions, and their enthusiasm
to the welfare of their native land? Where are the youth who will generously pour out their blood
to wash away so much shame, so much crime, so much abomination? Pure and spotless must
the victim be that the sacrifice may be acceptable! Where are you, youth, who will embody in
yourselves the vigor of life that has left our veins, the purity of ideas that has been contaminated
in our brains, the fire of enthusiasm that has been quenched in our hearts? We await you, O
youth! Come, for we await you!” – Padre Florentino

The passage above comes from Rizal’s “El Filibusterismo”. This conveys Rizal’s call to the youth
to stand up for the nation. He challenges them to rise up from wherever they are and start the
fight against the social cancer happening in the society. He believes that the youth will be the key
towards the emancipation of the country from the hands of its oppressors. He is invested in the
idea that a brighter tomorrow will be achieved if and only if the youth plays their part in shaping its
becoming.

Additionally, Rizal’s ingenuity can also be seen in his other works like: “Noli Me Tangere”, “The
Philippines a Century Hence”, “Indolence of the Filipinos”, “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas”, “Liham
sa Kadalagahan ng Malolos”, and “Religiosity of Filipinos”. These titles deliver a specific message
on different social controversies happening during his time, and also it is through these works that
we are able to come up with our own Rizal. By having our interpretation of his messages, we are
able to formulate our personal Rizal that would help us in facing the current problems of the
society.

A SYMBOL OF THE PHILIPPINE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE

Rizal has become a symbol of the Philippine struggle for independence and is widely regarded as
the national hero. His untimely death only fueled the movement towards revolution, as Filipinos
were outraged and rallied behind the cause of independence. Rizal fearlessly spoke out against
injustice and played a crucial role in shaping a national identity for the Philippines, which was a
novel concept in Asia under colonial rule. His tragic demise was a great loss for his country, as he
had the potential to make significant contributions in establishing independence and recognition.
Rizal was not only an exceptional citizen but also a highly talented individual with a brilliant mind.
Despite his short life span of 35 years, he achieved remarkable feats, and one can only wonder
about the groundbreaking advancements he could have made in ophthalmology and beyond. He
provided sight to his patients and vision to his country.

WHY RIZAL IS THE SYMBOL OF HOPE?

House Speaker Martin Romualdez commemorated the 127th Death Anniversary of Jose Rizal by
urging Filipinos to emulate the national hero. Romualdez described Rizal as a visionary dedicated
to freedom and emphasized that he symbolized hope and love for the country. He highlighted
Rizal's bravery in opposing colonial tyranny and his profound affection for the Philippines as
inspirations for all. Romualdez called for living by Rizal's ideals in the face of new challenges to
sovereignty and national identity. He also encouraged unity and the preservation of cultural
heritage. Romualdez concluded by urging everyone to embrace Rizal's spirit in their everyday
actions and let his courage and wisdom guide decisions for the betterment of the country.

CON SIDE:

THERE IS NO LAW, EXECUTIVE ORDER OR PROCLAMATION THAT HAS BEEN ENACTED

OR ISSUED PROCLAIMING ANY FILIPINO HISTORICAL FIGURE AS A NATIONAL HERO
Jose Rizal, a renowned physician, writer, artist, and scientist, who is considered one of the
country's greatest heroes. Despite his widespread recognition and influence, Rizal has never
been officially declared a national hero by law or executive order. However, two orders have been
issued to honor him as a historical figure: the Decree of Dec. 20, 1898, declaring December 30 as
a day of national mourning, and the organization of the politico-military district of Morong into
Rizal province through Act 137. Filipinos continue to venerate Rizal for his significant
contributions to the country's social transformation.

The Philippines has not officially declared any Filipino historical figure as a national hero, despite
the recommendation of the defunct National Heroes Committee (NHC) in 1995. The committee
recommended at least nine people to be given the distinction, including Dr. Jose Rizal, Andres
Bonifacio, Apolinario Mabini, Emilio Aguinaldo, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Juan Luna, Melchora Aquino,
Gabriela Silang, and Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat. The NHC was created in 1993 by
former President Fidel Ramos to study, evaluate, and recommend Filipino national
personages/heroes in recognition of their sterling character and remarkable achievements for the
country.

Historian Jose Victor Torres gave this explanation in an interview with “The Chiefs” on One News
last Aug. 29, 2022, the last Monday of the month when Filipinos observed National Heroes Day,
an annual regular public holiday to honor the bravery of those who struggled for the country’s
freedom.

“I think, for one thing, the difficulty of having a national hero by proclamation would mean
everyone will jump into the bandwagon and say, ‘hey, please declare my relative as a hero,’ and
so on and so forth’ and anyone can play with that kind of thing,” he said in a mix of Tagalog and
English.

For Torres, who teaches history at the De La Salle University, there is no need to officially declare
anyone as a hero by way of legislation. Instead, the historian emphasized that “we should
properly educate the people on why these people we respect can be considered as heroes.”

“For example, the presidents of the United States don't declare every president of the United
States a hero. But of course, they acknowledge the contributions of these people, which means
acceptance,” Torres said.

QUESTION: Does Rizal's personal background, education, and elite status within colonial society
disqualify him from being considered a true representative of the Filipino and their struggles?

REFERENCES:

Pro Side references:

Mangaluz, J. (2023a, December 30). Romualdez describes Jose Rizal as a symbol of hope.
INQUIRER.net.
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1881393/romualdez-describes-jose-rizal-as-a-symbol-of-hope
Ravin, T. B. (2001, February 1). José Rizal. Archives of Ophthalmology.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/265463#:~:text=Rizal%20has%20
become%20a%20symbol,honor%20in%20Manila%20in%201919.

Mangaluz, J. (2023a, December 30). Romualdez describes Jose Rizal as a symbol of hope.
INQUIRER.net.
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1881393/romualdez-describes-jose-rizal-as-a-symbol-of-hope

Con Side references:

Cabico, G. K. (2019, June 19). Rizal is not a national hero Filipinos believed he was.
Philstar.com.
https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/06/19/1927792/rizal-not-national-hero-filipinos-believed-
he-was

Embudo, F. L. (2022, September 6). The Philippines doesn’t have national heroes, here’s why | ...
OneNews.ph.
https://www.onenews.ph/articles/the-philippines-doesn-t-have-national-heroes-here-s-why

NCAA. (n.d.). National heroes.

https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/selection-and-proclamation-of-national-h
eroes-and-laws-honoring-filipino-historical-figures/

Saavedra, Samantha Margareth:

Pro (Government Side):

- RA 1425
- Discuss the educational value of studying Rizal's life and works in schools. Argue
that officially declaring him as the national hero would enhance the educational
system's focus on Philippine history.
- Contributions to Philippine Independence:
- Analyze Rizal's role in inspiring Filipinos towards the pursuit for independence.
Examine his writings, such as "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," and how
they fueled nationalist sentiments.

Studying Jose Rizal's life and works in schools offers profound educational value by providing
students with a window into the rich tapestry of Philippine history, culture, and the arduous
journey towards independence. Through the exploration of Rizal's literary masterpieces,
particularly "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," students are exposed to the harsh realities
of Spanish colonial rule and the deep-seated nationalist sentiments that these works ignited
among Filipinos. These texts not only serve as historical documents but also as catalysts for
critical thinking, encouraging students to reflect on the enduring relevance of Rizal's messages
about social justice and resistance against oppression. Moreover, the official declaration of Rizal
as the national hero would significantly enhance the educational system's emphasis on Philippine
history, underscoring his pivotal role in galvanizing Filipinos towards the noble pursuit of
independence. Rizal's unwavering commitment to advocating for reforms through peaceful
means and his staunch belief in the transformative power of education resonate deeply with the
core values that the educational system seeks to instill in the youth. By bestowing upon Rizal the
title of national hero, schools can more effectively integrate his teachings into the curriculum,
providing students with a comprehensive understanding of the nation's past and the enduring
principles of freedom, justice, and national identity that he ardently championed.

Cons:

- Multiple Heroes Perspective:

- Argue that officially declaring Dr. Jose Rizal as the sole national hero overlooks the
contributions and sacrifices of other Philippine heroes who played significant roles
in the struggle for independence.

- Relevance to Modern Society:

- Contend that the criteria for a national hero should evolve to reflect the changing
needs and values of modern Philippine society, and therefore, Dr. Jose Rizal may
not be the most relevant symbol for today's generation.

Officially declaring Dr. Jose Rizal as the sole national hero overlooks the contributions and
sacrifices of other Philippine heroes who played significant roles in the struggle for independence.
While Rizal's writings and ideals were influential, heroes like Andres Bonifacio, who founded the
Katipunan and led the revolution against Spanish colonial rule, and Emilio Aguinaldo, who
declared Philippine independence, also made crucial contributions. Bonifacio's grassroots
movement and Aguinaldo's military leadership were pivotal in the fight for freedom, yet their roles
are often overshadowed by Rizal's intellectual legacy. Additionally, figures like Gabriela Silang,
who continued the fight against Spanish oppression after her husband's death, and Lapu-Lapu,
who resisted foreign conquest long before the Spanish arrived, deserve recognition for their
bravery and resistance. And the criteria for a national hero should evolve to reflect the changing
needs and values of modern Philippine society, making Dr. Jose Rizal potentially less relevant as
a symbol for today's generation. While Rizal's advocacy for education and reforms remains
significant, contemporary issues such as social inequality, environmental degradation, and human
rights violations demand heroes who actively address these pressing concerns. Recognizing
heroes who fought for social justice, environmental conservation, and marginalized communities
would resonate more with the current generation. By expanding the definition of heroism to
include modern-day activists, environmentalists, and advocates for social change, the nation can
inspire a new wave of leaders who embody the values and aspirations of present-day Filipinos.
Embracing a diverse range of heroes can foster a more inclusive and dynamic national identity
that reflects the multifaceted nature of Philippine society today.

Question for the Pro & Con Side:

Pro Question: How does studying Jose Rizal's life and works enhance understanding of
Philippine history and inspire values of social justice and national identity?

Con Question: How does declaring Jose Rizal as the sole national hero overshadow other
heroes' contributions, and how can a more inclusive approach to heroism better represent the
diverse narratives of the Philippines' struggle for independence?

References:

Constantino, R. (1969). Veneration Without Understanding. National Historical Commission.

https://bangkanixiao.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/renato-constantino-veneration-without-understa
nding.pdf

DeStephano, M. (2011, March). José Rizal, the Quest for Filipino Independence, and the Search
for Ultimate Reality and Meaning. Ultimate Reality and Meaning, Hau, C. S. (2000). Introduction.
In Necessary fictions: Philippine literature and the nation, 1946-1980 essay, Ateneo de Manila
Univ. Press.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325919379_Jose_Rizal_the_Quest_for_Filipino_Indepe
ndence_and_the_Search_for_Ultimate_Reality_and_Meaning
https://www.collegesidekick.com/study-docs/1714065

Multiple Heroes Perspective and Relevance to Modern Society:

Andres Bonifacio, Lapu-Lapu, Emilio Aguinaldo:
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/philippine-national-heroes-and-rites/
Gabriela Silang: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gabriela-Silang
Social Inequality: https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/215236-fast-facts-philippines-inequality
Environmental Degradation:
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines/publication/philippines-environmental-degradati
on-and-climate-change-assessment
Human Rights Violations: https://www.hrw.org/asia/philippines

Escario, Aen P.

PRO SIDE:

· Moral and Ethical Leadership:

Dr. Jose Rizal studied in Europe, which paved the way for him to be exposed to liberalism
by observing the cultures of different European countries, reading European and American books
and magazines, and meeting fellow Filipinos who wanted reform for the Philippines. With this, he
used his known and best weapon, which was education and a pen, to express his nationalism
and thoughts about independence. Through his works, Filipinos back then were introduced to
liberal ideologies that enlightened them about the grievances and sufferings they were receiving
during Spanish colonialism, especially from the friars. This resulted in the gradual build-up of the
beginning of the bloody revolt of the Filipino people against the Spanish, although at first, he did
not support that kind of approach as he was for non-violence.

Initially, he pushed for the Philippines to be a patria chica, a nation within a larger nation,
just like the other colonies of Spain at that time. However, as time progressed, he was falsely
accused of betraying Spain by awakening the Filipino's consciousness about the abuse and
anomalies of the Spanish government, which led to his receiving a death sentence. Prior to his
death, he wrote in “Mi Ultimo Adios," his last poem, that he finally supported the means of the
Katipunan, which was the bloody revolution, as that was the only clear and tangible hope that
they could hold on to at that time. He wished for the Philippines to regain its independence and
redeem itself from the abuse that it experienced at the hands of the Spanish government.

QUESTION:

How can you say that Rizal’s non-violent approach was a crucial part of the Philippine
Revolution?

- Without Rizal’s works, Filipinos would not have been enlightened about the abuses and
anomalies in society during the Spanish Era, as they had embraced these as a norm in
society due to a lack of education and manipulation. Even so, his death greatly impacted
Filipino lives at that time and inspired the remaining heroes to execute a revolution to give the
country its independence and honor Rizal’s sacrifices.

REFERENCES:

https://offices.depaul.edu/student-affairs/resources/legacy-of-leadership/Pages/details.aspx?dpus
earchbyid=9

https://www.academia.edu/8674734/Rizals_Philosophy_of_Nonviolence_2009_2014_

CON SIDE:

There has never been any law that officially declares Dr. Jose Rizal the national hero of
the Philippines. However, in 1993, an attempt to designate a national hero was initiated when
former President Fidel V. Ramos issued Executive Order No. 75. EO 75 created the National
Heroes Committee, which is tasked with evaluating the capabilities of suggested nominees for the
title. The committee came up with the criteria on how to select the national hero, and they initially
listed nine heroes for preliminary consideration in 1995. These heroes were Jose Rizal, Andres
Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat,
Juan Luna, Melchora Aquino, and Gabriela Silang. However, no further action was taken after
releasing this shortlist, thus, we have no single national hero. With that, the NCCA stated that the
Philippines has no single national hero because if someone were to be designated as one, it
could cause a lot of controversies, debates, and more. With that, the country has proclamations
and laws that honor various heroes for their significant contributions to the history of the country.
Another factor as to why the country has no national hero is politics. Take, for example, the
Tejeros Convention. Andres Bonifacio was criticized by Daniel Tirona for holding a Director of
Interior position due to not having a law degree, despite his major contribution to the Philippine
Revolution during that time.

QUESTION:

What factors were considered as to why Rizal became the face of the Philippine heroes and is
thought by many as the national hero of the country?

REFERENCES:

https://nolisoli.ph/48065/no-official-national-hero/

https://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/tejeros.html

Mangarin, Jowenie Jr F.

Why Jose Rizal on P1 coin

“According to Ocampo (2008) that “Jose Rizal, the national hero, is on the P1-coin not because
he is less worthy than Sergio Osmena who is on the higher denomination, or [Benigno] ‘Ninoy’
Aquino [Jr.] who is on the P500-bill, but Rizal is on the P1-coin because it is the basic unit of
Philippine currency.” In fact, the P1-coin is distributed all over the land and even the less
privileged, the lower class, the middle class of the society have it in hand most of the time.

PRO SIDE QUESTION:

- What are the key benefits or advantages of featuring Jose Rizal’s face on the peso coin,
both in terms of historical significance and cultural representation for the Filipino nation?

Historical Significance:

Enduring Legacy: His presence on the coin since the early 20th century reinforces his
lasting impact on shaping the Philippines' national identity and independence movement.
Daily Reminder: Constant exposure to his image keeps his contributions and sacrifices
fresh in the minds of Filipinos, fostering historical awareness and appreciation.
Educational Tool: Prompts interest and curiosity about his life and works, potentially
leading to deeper historical understanding.

Cultural Representation:

National Icon: Rizal embodies the values of freedom, justice, and equality, serving as a
constant reminder of the nation's core principles.
Unifying Symbol: His image transcends social and economic divides, uniting Filipinos
under a shared sense of national identity and pride.
 Global Recognition: Having him on the currency promotes Philippine culture and identity
on the international stage.
Cultural Heritage: Represents the nation's rich history and struggle for independence,
fostering a sense of cultural continuity and connection to the past.

Additional Benefits:

Accessibility: Placing him on the most common denomination ensures everyone,

regardless of background, encounters his image daily.
Patriotism: Promotes national pride and inspires individuals to uphold the values he
championed.
Symbol of Hope: His image can serve as a beacon of hope for a better future, reminding
Filipinos of their capacity for change and progress.

CON SIDE QUESTION:

- What are the potential drawbacks or criticisms associated with featuring Jose Rizal’s face on
the peso coin, considering factors such as diversity of representation, historical context, and
modern relevance?

Diversity of Representation:

Limited representation: While Rizal is a significant figure, his presence on the coin might
overshadow other important figures from Philippine history, particularly women and individuals
from marginalized groups.
● Calls for broader representation: This could lead to calls for including other heroes or
cultural icons on Philippine currency to reflect the country's diverse history and population.

Historical Context:

Oversimplification of history: Focusing solely on Rizal might risk oversimplifying the

complex and multifaceted history of Philippine independence and national identity.
Critical perspectives: Some may argue that Rizal's privileged background and complex
views on certain aspects of Philippine society should be critically examined, rather than
presented as an unblemished national hero.

Modern Relevance:

Disconnect with contemporary issues: While Rizal's ideals remain relevant, some
might argue that the focus on historical figures can overshadow contemporary challenges
faced by the Philippines.
Need for diverse voices: Featuring solely historical figures might not resonate with
younger generations seeking role models who address current social and political issues.

Additional Considerations:
 Aesthetics and design: The design of the coin itself might be subject to criticism, with
some finding it outdated or lacking artistic merit.
Durability and security concerns: Practical concerns regarding the durability and
security features of the coin, especially with frequent circulation, could arise.

REFERENCES:

https://inleo.io/@psychkrhoz/the-reason-why-rizal-is-in-the-1-peso-coin

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-notes/4258560#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20one%2Dpeso,Jos
e%20P.

https://www.philstar.com/news-commentary/2011/06/19/697364/bsp-rizal-p1-coin-makes-him-acc
essible#:~:text=%E2%80%9CWell%2C%20our%20answer%20is%20simple,BSP%20Governor%
20Amando%20Tetangco%20Jr.

https://ent.abs-cbn.com/justlovekids/articles-news/bayani-on-your-money-3-revolutionary-heroes-i
n-the-philippine-currency-20413#:~:text=His%20patriotism%20and%20intellectual%20and,emulat
e%20his%20brand%20of%20heroism.

https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/03/12/campus-press/rizals-not-forgotten-the-truth-behind-the-v
alue-of-piso/702308

BATIANCILA,EARL

PROS
It is important that the millennials should know more about our national hero. The most important
legacy that Dr. Jose Rizal left to the youth is his statement that the hope of the motherland is in
their hands. Not in the politicians, not even in the businessmen, or social and political leaders.
The question we ask today is whether or not today's youth have proven themselves worthy of the
legacy left by our national hero. Your answer is as good as mine.

Q: Why is it important for millennials to know more about our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal?
A: Understanding the life and legacy of Dr. Jose Rizal is crucial for millennials because he left
behind a powerful message about the responsibility of the youth towards the motherland. Rizal
believed that the hope of the nation rests in the hands of the youth, not in politicians,
businessmen, or other leaders. This message calls upon today's generation to reflect on their role
in shaping the future of the Philippines.
CONS
Exploring Jose Rizal's writings, like "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," can prompt
individuals, especially the youth, to question religious beliefs due to their critique of societal
issues including religion. This may create tensions with deeply held beliefs, but also offers a
chance for growth and critical thinking. While there's concern about potential conflicts,
approaching these works with openness and dialogue can lead to a deeper understanding of
history, social justice, and faith. In essence, reading Rizal's books may challenge religious beliefs
but also fosters intellectual growth and a nuanced understanding of both history and faith.

Q. "Why is the Rizal Law considered important in Philippine education and history, and what
impact has it had on the understanding of Jose Rizal's works and the promotion of national
identity?"
The Rizal Law is considered important in Philippine education and history for several reasons.
Enacted in 1956, it mandates the inclusion of Jose Rizal's life, works, and writings, particularly his
novels "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," in the curriculum of all public and private
schools in the Philippines. This law was introduced to ensure that the youth of the nation are
exposed to the ideas, struggles, and patriotism of Rizal, who is regarded as a national hero.
The law's significance lies in its role in promoting national consciousness, unity, and identity
among Filipinos. By studying Rizal's works, students gain insights into the injustices and abuses
endured during the Spanish colonial era. They learn about Rizal's advocacy for social reforms,
his criticisms of the oppressive colonial regime, and his unwavering love for the Philippines. This
exposure fosters a sense of pride in Filipino heritage and a deeper understanding of the country's
history.
Moreover, the Rizal Law encourages critical thinking and analysis among students. It prompts
discussions on themes such as nationalism, patriotism, social justice, and the struggle for
independence. Through these discussions, students not only learn about Rizal's contributions but
also reflect on their relevance to contemporary society.
REFERENCE:
https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2017/12/30/1773032/how-relevant-dr-jose-riz
al-millennials
https://www.coursehero.com/file/108681604/Pros-and-cons-LWRpdf/

Cait, Anilov

Understanding the Significance of December 30th

PROS
Jose Rizal’s legacy remains a cornerstone of Philippine history, and December 30, observed as
Rizal Day, holds profound significance. On this day, the nation commemorates the life and
sacrifices of Jose Rizal, a national hero whose writings and activism played a primary role in
sparking the flame of independence.

The Rizal Shrine, berthed in the heart of Rizal Park in Manila, is a symbol of his enduring
influence and a testament to his commitment to the country. During Rizal’s birthday, considered a
national day by many Filipinos, the Philippine Flag takes on a special meaning as Filipinos
celebrate this auspicious day.
During the public holiday, a flag raising ceremony is conducted on site followed by a wreath laying
ceremony and a year end address or note usually given by a government official.

As Filipinos reflect on December 30, they are reminded of Rizal’s unwavering dedication to
justice, freedom, and enlightenment.

His ideals inspire generations, ensuring that his contributions to the country remain etched in the
collective memory, shaping the Philippines’ ongoing journey toward progress and identity.

Q: What lessons can be learned from commemorating December 30th?

A: Commemorating December 30th is a reminder of the continuing struggle for freedom, justice,
and sovereignty. It encourages Filipinos to embody Rizal's values of love for country, critical
thinking, and dedication to social reform. This day serves as a call to action for citizens to actively
contribute to the betterment of the Philippines and to honor the sacrifices of those who came
before them.

Cons Religious Critique in Rizal's Works disadvantage

This paper analyzed the themes of Jose Rizal’s critique of the Spanish colonization and religion.
It works on the propositions that Rizal’s writings were intended to emancipate the Filipinos from
the fetters of the Spanish colonization; as such, he provides an analysis on the effects of the
Spanish colonial strategies and policies to the Filipino psyche, and exposes the illnesses that
these caused the Filipino nation. His analysis of the nineteen century Philippine society and its
social, economic and political situations under the Spanish colonial rule is similar to the ideas of
Karl Marx on religion and the human person. Though it was never acknowledge in his writings
that he read Marx’s works, Rizal’s criticisms of religion, education, and government showed
resemblances with Marx’s ideas.

Q: How might the religious critiques in Rizal's works lead to controversy and conflict?

A: Rizal's critiques of the Spanish friars and the Catholic Church in "Noli Me Tangere" and "El
Filibusterismo" could lead to controversy and conflict due to the sensitive nature of religion. In
predominantly Catholic societies like the Philippines, these critiques could be perceived as
attacks on deeply held beliefs, potentially causing offense and division.

Ref
https://www.camella.com.ph/why-we-celebrate-rizal-day/
https://scientia-sanbeda.org/index.php/scientia/article/view/90
Paras, Ellaine

PRO SIDE:

· Global Recognition:
o Highlight
Rizal's international recognition and acclaim for his works and ideas.
Jose Rizal, the Philippines' national hero, is well-known both locally as well as internationally. His
literary works and profound perception have crossed borders, gaining him admiration and acclaim
far beyond the archipelago. Rizal's legacy lives on, not only as a historical character, but also as
a symbol of resistance to colonial oppression, an advocate for education, and a visionary whose
ideas continue to influence individuals and organizations around the world.

· Jose Rizal’s ideals were a product and composite of the teachings of what is known
as the philosophy of Enlightenment. That stage of philosophy marked the dawn of the
eighteenth century in Europe and continued to the 19th century.

· Friar injustices and Spanish misrule. Jose Rizal’s writings transformed his stature
from a writer and propagandist against social and religious injustices of Spanish rule in
the Philippines that made him into a national hero.

The political and social reforms he advocated embody broad principles such as tolerance, more
liberty, and the importance of civil administration.
Readings of Enlightenment thinkers' works could be used to learn directly about them. However,
they might be learned indirectly through public forums, bar debates, coffee cafes, and Masonic
lodges. As a result, there were many possibilities for indirect acquisition.

Rizal was the party type, the debater in public discussions (a mainstay of the propaganda
movement of Filipino exiles who tried to influence Spain’s colonial policies in Madrid), and a
propagator of ideas of his own original thoughts. He was a serious library-museum researcher.
He spent long days transcribing Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in the British Museum.
There was no chance that he would have missed the encyclopedia, the fount of knowledge that
writers of the Enlightenment enlarged.

Rizal's words, beliefs, and sacrifices have inspired people all across the world, sparking
movements for freedom, justice, and national independence. Rizal's influence is recognized
internationally through a variety of outlets, including accolades for his literary works, the
establishment of memorials to him, and the honors showered upon his name.

Rizal's literary classics, particularly "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," have received
widespread global attention and recognition. These novels, which have been translated into
several languages, have struck a profound chord with readers from all over the world.
Rizal, a literary luminary and a universally important voice, has received widespread acclaim for
his ability to captivate audiences with mesmerizing storytelling, provide astute social critique, and
convey profound messages about colonialism, oppression, and the human condition.
Rizal's status as an international emblem of anti-colonial struggle is undoubtedly his most
significant legacy. At a period when many countries were struggling with colonial oppression,
Rizal's beliefs on national identity, self-determination, and the pursuit of justice offered a ray of
hope. His works inspired individuals and movements in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to defend
their cultural heritage and combat imperial oppression.

Rizal's influence on global anti-colonial movements is abundantly documented in historical

records and academic literature. His theories sparked nationalist sentiments and encouraged
independence movements around the world.

CON SIDE:
· Multiple Heroes Perspective:
o Argue that officially declaring Dr. Jose Rizal as the sole national hero overlooks the
contributions and sacrifices of other Philippine heroes who played significant roles in the
struggle for independence.

The Philippines recognizes the collective efforts and sacrifices of many individuals in the quest for
independence and self-determination by honoring heroes such as Bonifacio, Aguinaldo, Aquino,
Silang, and Magbanua, among others, in addition to Rizal. This inclusive approach to heroism
reflects the rich tapestry of Philippine history while also honoring the legacy of all those who
fought for independence.

Rep. Rene Relampagos’ attempt to pass House Bill №3926 in 2014. There is still an ongoing
debate on which between Jose Rizal or Andres Bonifacio deserves to be bestowed the title.
Pro-Bonifacios argue that Rizal was coward for not participating in the revolution, while Pro-Rizals
argue that Bonifacio was violent, vain, and planned the revolution even if they were still not ready.
Now to be fair, both sides have a point to some degree.

President Emilio Aguinaldo declared December 30 as Rizal Day to commemorate his execution.
That’s the first step. It was during the US occupation when campaigns to make Rizal the National
Hero kicked in. He developed a posthumous cult-like status. Americans favored him to become
Philippines’ patriotic figure, since he is supposedly represented as a peaceful political advocate,
in contrast of Andres Bonifacio who was “too radical” and Apolinario Mabini who was “too
regenerate”. Historian Renato Constantino argued in his essay Veneration Without
Understanding that Rizal was not worthy of his high status in our history books, calling him a
“United States-sponsored hero”.

One of the great points that the movie Bayaning 3rd World pointed out is that Rizal’s life is not
movie worthy. It’s not really that exciting. All he did was to travel around the world, write novels
and poems, attend meetings, and flirt with various women. And suddenly, he’s now a hero?

Rizal did condemn Bonifacio’s revolution. This is one of the parts where Rizal’s hero status
becomes more dubious. Nationalist historian Teodoro Agoncillo noted in his book The History of
the Filipino People that the National Hero of the Philippines was not “the leader of its liberation
forces” unlike the heroes of other countries like Simón Bolívar (Venezuela and Colombia) and
José de San Martín (Argentina, Chile, and Peru). By that standard, Bonifacio should have been
the real National Hero instead of Rizal, since the latter is interpreted as someone who demanded
reform in Spanish colonial government but nevertheless still favored their rule, while the former is
the one who actually demanded for independence from the colonizers. Despite of that, Agoncillo
still recommended in his book that we must celebrate Bonifacio alongside Rizal as National
Heroes.
Among the most outstanding critics of Dr. Rizal is the revered professor of history, Renato
Constantino. In his book, “Veneration without Understanding,” Professor Constantino advanced
one major argument against Dr. Rizal’s place in the hearts of Filipinos.
He explained that, in contrast to the “national heroes” of other Asian countries, Dr. Rizal did not
lead our fight for independence from colonial masters. He wrote:
“In the histories of many nations, the national revolution represents a peak of achievement to
which the minds of man return time and again in reverence and for a renewal of faith in freedom.
For the national revolution is invariably the one period in a nation’s history when the people were
most united, most involved, and most decisively active in the fight for freedom. It is not to be
wondered at, therefore, that almost always the leader of that revolution becomes the principal
hero of his people.

"In our case, our national hero was not the leader of our revolution. In fact, he repudiated that
revolution. In no uncertain terms he placed himself against Bonifacio and those Filipinos who
were fighting for the country’s liberty.”

While Dr. Jose Rizal is still an iconic figure in Philippine history, formally identifying him as the
lone national hero conceals the important achievements and sacrifices of other heroes who
played critical roles in the war for independence. Recognizing the various character of heroism in
the Philippines allows for a more inclusive and honest portrayal of the communal effort that led to
the country's independence from colonial rule. The inclusion of varied heroes strengthens the
tale, stressing the collaborative spirit that characterizes the Filipino struggle for freedom.
References:

Pro:

Jose Rizal’s ideals and ideas | Per Se (upd.edu.ph)

Why Rizal? Here Are 10 Reasons (studyrizal.com)

Scholar’s essay narrates Jose Rizal’s work in London (mb.com.ph)

Con:

Dr. Rizal as ‘national hero’ (mb.com.ph)

Did Rizal Really Deserve to be Our National Hero? | by The Zoomer Historian | Medium

ABENGANA, KENT
PRO

Dr. Jose Rizal, a prominent figure in Filipino history, served as a writer, doctor, and national hero,
advocating for independence from Spanish colonial rule. His life and contributions serve as a
source of inspiration for many Filipinos, emphasizing courage and determination. Particularly for
the youth, Rizal stands as a symbol of resilience in the face of injustice, demonstrating the
possibility of making a positive impact. Furthermore, his commitment to education, reflected in his
multilingual proficiency and the establishment of a library in Dapitan, continues to motivate young
people to value learning and leverage their knowledge for positive societal changes.

CON

The Rizal Law, also known as RA 1425, was enacted to require the study of Jose Rizal's life and
works, aiming to boost Filipino nationalism during a period of identity crisis. The law, signed in
1956, originated as a bill proposed by Senator Claro M. Recto and sponsored by Senator Jose P.
Laurel, Sr. The passionate language of the document reflects a desire to revive national pride,
addressing a perceived decline in Filipino identity. The law addressed the lack of priority given to
Rizal's works in the educational system, legalizing translations and mandating educational
institutions to maintain copies of Rizal's works. The context of the law's creation in 1956 during
post-Japanese occupation highlights its relevance in fostering ideals of freedom and nationalism.
Despite being written decades ago, the clause emphasizing the need for re-dedication to these
ideals remains pertinent in a contemporary context where foreign influences and Filipino diaspora
are prevalent.

PRO Q&A

Q: Why is Jose Rizal's inspiration still relevant to present and future generations? How does the
Rizal Law contribute to preserving Rizal's relevance?

A: Rizal's inspiration remains relevant because his advocacy for freedom, nationalism, and
education transcends time, offering timeless lessons. The Rizal Law ensures that Rizal's life and
works are studied, keeping his legacy alive and providing a continuous source of inspiration for
present and future generations.

CON Q

Is it reasonable to argue that Jose Rizal's inspiration may be irrelevant to the present and future
generations, considering the evolving socio-political landscape and the emergence of different
global challenges?

REFERENCES:

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-relevance-of-Dr-Jose-Rizal-in-the-life-of-today-s-Filipino-yout
h
https://www.quora.com/Do-these-issues-about-Rizal-s-law-remain-relevant-in-the-present-Why-or
-why-not

AGUILA ARON MARC

PRO

I.It imparts many valuable life lessons. We can gain from Rizal's experiences overcoming
numerous obstacles in his lifetime. He encountered several significant obstacles and dilemmas
because he was a contentious figure at the time, but he responded wisely and logically. We can
observe the national hero's priorities and convictions via the important decisions he made
throughout his life, which show how amazing, noble, and unselfish he was. His repeated
resolutions, for instance, proved the adage that there are things in life more significant than
happiness and sentimentality.

II. The Value of R.A. The Philippine Education System's Rizal Bill, or 1425, aims to instill in all
Filipinos, especially the younger generation, a basic understanding of nationality. Make Rizal's life
an example for all Filipinos to follow or an inspiration. Embrace the wisdom of Rizal when he
says, "Ang kabataan ang pag-asa ng bayan." Honor the courage of our heroes as they give their
life in defense of our nation and fellow citizens. The saying "past is the reflection of the future"
can be k to current challenges by drawing lessons and insights from Rizal's stories, poetry, and
novels.

CONS

Should the government implement RA 1425, which requires pupils to study the writings of Jose
Rizal, even though doing so could restrict educational variety and impede critical thinking by
enforcing a particular canon of literature?

While trying to respect Jose Rizal's achievements, enforcing RA 1425 runs the risk of stifling
academic freedom and diversity in the classroom. Requiring teachers to read a certain material
limits their autonomy and could make compliance more important than genuine engagement. It
also fails to recognize the need of exposing students to a range of literary concepts. Rather, we
ought to encourage the optional incorporation of Rizal's writings, which would lead to a more
vibrant and all-encompassing learning environment that honors both academic autonomy and
cultural heritage.

REFERENCE

Ellene Jade 2021 The Importance of Studying Rizal.

nelizadc 2021 Importance of R.A. 1425 to the Philippine Educational System

Hau, C. S. (2000). Introduction. In Necessary fictions: Philippine literature and the nation,
1946-1980 (pp. 1–14). essay, Ateneo de Manila Univ. Press.
Prince Elijah Silva

Source: https://opinion.inquirer.net/118510/rizal-the-hero

CONS

Until now, no law has been passed to officially declare any Filipino historical figure as a national
hero. According to the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, there is no law, executive
order or proclamation that has been enacted or issued proclaiming any Filipino historical figure as
a national hero.

A National Heroes Committee was established by an executive order signed by former President
Fidel Ramos. The committee's task is to research, assess, and suggest Filipino heroes based on
their extraordinary moral qualities and noteworthy national accomplishments. Jose Rizal, Andres
Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, Marcelo del Pilar, Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat, Juan
Luna, Melchor Aquino, and Gabriela Silang were among the nine Filipino historical leaders
selected by the committee to be considered national heroes, all of whom lived and died resisting
the Spanish colonial occupation or a few years after. However, since the committee submitted its
findings in 1995, no progress has been done to implement these suggestions.

That is why many questioned the acclaim of Jose Rizal as the Philippine’s National Hero, a
reformist who sought equality over the governance of the Spaniards through diplomacy. The
reason being is they believed that Andres Bonifacio deserved the title better, considering he was
the one who wanted to completely free the Filipinos in the hands of the Spaniards through
revolutions and violence. The inclusion of the Philippines as a province of Spain, representation
in the Cortes, the substitution of Filipino priests for Spanish friars, the freedom of assembly and
speech, and legal equality between Filipinos and Spaniards were all part of Rizal's political
agenda, which did not favor others into thinking whether or not Jose Rizal deserved the title.

Source:

https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/06/19/1927792/rizal-not-national-hero-filipinos-believed-
he-was?fbclid=IwAR3KA8RrLWwL-m1_Ns1LsICKtYQOqBYnRL8C6uGHqDy75GL_i-azmHfJsEE

https://www.onenews.ph/articles/the-philippines-doesn-t-have-national-heroes-here-s-why?fbclid=
IwAR2A02Z0q-oGv5GJ3PhD1lEXqYPc_TY2YyR4BKk1ana-bdkCzjaLCvX7nfA

https://opinion.inquirer.net/135726/rizal-or-bonifacio-there-should-be-no-competition

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Rizal

https://thezoomerhistorian.medium.com/did-rizal-really-deserve-to-be-our-national-hero-d69b211a
3986
QnA: If Jose Rizal was never officially declared a National Hero of the Philippines, then where did
all the acclamation started? How did the Filipinos reach a point where Jose Rizal is accepted and
taught to be the National Hero of the Philippines despite no laws ever stated so?

The acclamation of Jose Rizal as the Philippine’s National Hero took place in the American
colonization of the Philippines. After the Philippine-American War ended in 1904, the US did not
want to make the same mistake as the Spaniards and deprive the Filipino people of their own
country. They determined that the ideal national hero would be a Filipino, possessing a high
regard for the country and, most importantly, a composed demeanor capable of bringing the
Filipino people together without inciting them to engage in violent conflict.

That is why they were led to acclimate Jose Rizal, a reformist who had contributed in nation
building and freedom in a peaceful and diplomatic way, the National Hero of the Philippines
instead of Andres Bonifacio, a revolutionaries who had contributed in nation building and freedom
through violence.

That is why some suggested that the acclamation of Jose Rizal as the National Hero of the
Philippines by the US is simply a strategy. In simple terms, the US is avoiding a scene where the
Filipinos unite as one and start a revolution against the US, the same method Andres Bonifacio
did with the Spaniards. So they made Jose Rizal as the primary role model of the Philippines, to
boost their nation identity and gain their respect and unity.

Source:

https://www.positivelyfilipino.com/magazine/dr-jose-rizal-an-american-sponsored-hero

PRO
Let us first discuss the meaning of National Heroes in different sources:

According to the Department of Culture, a National Hero is a person who is admired and
acknowledged for their courage, outstanding achievements, and noble qualities; and is someone
who has made significant positive contributions to the growth and development of society.
Source: https://culture.bm/events/national-heroes-day

As mentioned before, former president Fidel Ramos established the National Heroes
Commission, which is entrusted with recommending national heroes to be acknowledged for their
character and services to the country. For a person to be considered a National Hero, he/she
must meet the following criteria; (1)Heroes are people who have a sense of nation and strive for
the country’s liberation., (2)They define and contribute to a nation’s freedom and order.,
(3)Heroes contribute to a nation’s quality of life. The NHC ended up with 9 Filipino candidates
earning the National Hero of the Philippines Title and that included Jose Rizal.
Source: https://www.futurelearn.com/info/futurelearn-international/national-heroes-philippines

According to the PNCAN, A Philippine National Hero is defined as a Filipino who has made the
most significant contribution to the country’s sovereignty and independence, and has upheld the
values and ideals of nationalism. He serves as a model of our cultural identity and gave rise to
our freedom as a nation.
Source: http://philncan.weebly.com/who-and-what-is-a-national-hero.html

In conclusion, the criteria of a person to be considered a National Hero doesn’t include it being
declared by law. The NHC came up with 9 candidates for earning the title National Hero due to
the fact that they passed certain criterias, meaning that the Philippines should honor these 9
National Heroes due to their contribution in nation building and freedom.

“This was probably because this might trigger a flood of requests for proclamations. Another
possibility is that the proclamations can trigger bitter debates involving historical controversies
about the heroes,” NCCA wrote. “I think, for one thing, the difficulty of having a national hero by
proclamation would mean everyone will jump into the bandwagon and say, ‘hey, please declare
my relative as a hero,’ and so on and so forth’ and anyone can play with that kind of thing,”
Historian Jose Victor Torres said in a mix of Tagalog and English.
Source:
https://www.onenews.ph/articles/the-philippines-doesn-t-have-national-heroes-here-s-why?fbclid=
IwAR2A02Z0q-oGv5GJ3PhD1lEXqYPc_TY2YyR4BKk1ana-bdkCzjaLCvX7nfA

https://www.onenews.ph/articles/the-philippines-doesn-t-have-national-heroes-here-s-why?fbclid=
IwAR2A02Z0q-oGv5GJ3PhD1lEXqYPc_TY2YyR4BKk1ana-bdkCzjaLCvX7nfA

Santiago, Rezza Mikyle

CONS
Is Rizal really our national hero?
We were all taught in elementary school during our Araling Panlipunan classes (back in my day,
we used to call it “Sibika at Kultura” or “HeKaSi”) about the national symbols of the Philippines.
Mango is our national fruit, Narra is our national tree, the Philippine Eagle is our national bird, the
carabao is our national animal, “Lupang Hinirang” is our national anthem, Filipino is our national
language, and Jose Rizal is our national hero, right? Well, not exactly. You see, various laws and
proclamations were ratified to make the symbols above official but not national heroes.

Rizal isn’t recognized by the state as our official national hero, but why do our elementary schools
still teach that he is? Even now, people in Congress are still struggling to actually make this thing
happen, like Rep. Rene Relampagos’ attempt to pass House Bill №3926 in 2014 (1). There is still
an ongoing debate over which of Jose Rizal or Andres Bonifacio deserves to be bestowed with
the title. Pro-Bonifacios argue that Rizal was a coward for not participating in the revolution, while
pro-Rizal's argue that Bonifacio was violent, vain, and planned the revolution even if they were
still not ready. To be fair, both sides have a point to some degree.

All he did was travel around the world, write novels and poems, attend meetings, and flirt with
various women. And suddenly, he’s now a hero? Five years after his death, there’s already a
freaking province named after him! His face was even on the brands of various products like
cigarettes; directors were racing to make a biographical movie about him; you will never find any
province in the Philippines that doesn’t have any statue or bust of him; and let’s face it, we all
have experienced going on a street called J.P. Rizal Street. Aglipayans even venerated him as a
saint, while Rizalista cult followers worshiped him as a literal deity.That’s one of our faults as
Filipinos. We like to paint our patriots as almost-divine figures that must be idolized without
question, instead of viewing them as human beings who are not perfect.

CONS QUESTION
Instead of asking questions like “Did Rizal write a retraction letter?” or “Why was Rizal
critical of the revolutionary cause?”, how about we ask, “What makes someone a hero?” If
Rizal is the main reason why we developed a united identity and solidarity as a nation,
despite our ethnic differences, isn’t that a more than enough reason to declare him as our
National Hero?

PRO
Even if no existing law officially recognizes Jose Rizal as our national hero, we already
kind of, sort of, collectively agree that he is. On December 20, 1898, President Emilio
Aguinaldo declared December 30 as Rizal Day to commemorate his execution. That’s the
first step. It was during the US occupation that campaigns to make Rizal the National Hero
kicked in. He developed a posthumous cult-like status. Americans favored him to become
the Philippines’ patriotic figure since he is supposedly represented as a peaceful political
advocate, in contrast to Andres Bonifacio, who was “too radical,” and Apolinario Mabini,
who was “too regenerate.”
His writings still made a difference in our history, and no one, not even himself, can take
away that. If not for his two novels, the first successful anti-Western revolution in Asia
would have never been carried out. Guerrero wrote in The First Filipino that “it was Rizal,
as we have seen, who taught his countrymen that they could be something else, Filipinos
who were members of a Filipino nation. He was the first to seek to ‘unite the whole
archipelago’ and envision a ‘compact and homogenous’ society of all the old tribal
communities from Batanes to the Sulu Sea, based on common interests and mutual
protection’ rather than on the Spanish friar’s theory of double allegiance to Spain as
Catholic and the Church as Spanish, ‘the unbreakable keystone of national unity’ in
Despujol’s decree.”
Did Rizal actually condemn the revolution?Yes, Rizal did condemn Bonifacio’s
revolution. This is one of the parts where Rizal’s hero status becomes more dubious.
Nationalist historian Teodoro Agoncillo noted in his book The History of the Filipino People
that the National Hero of the Philippines was not “the leader of its liberation forces,” unlike
the heroes of other countries like Simón Bolívar (Venezuela and Colombia) and José de
San Martín (Argentina, Chile, and Peru).
TRY NYO RING PANOORIN YUNG “BAYANING 3RD WORLD”
Sources:
(1) Relampagos, R. (2014). House Bill №3926: An Act Declaring the National Symbols of the
Philippines. Philippines House of Representatives. Retrieved from
https://congress.gov.ph/legisdocs/basic_16/HB03926.pdf
(2) Friend, T. (1965). Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 1929–1946. Yale
University Press.
(3) Constantino, R. (1970). Veneration Without Understanding. Quezon City: Malaya Books, pp.
125–145.
(4) Tiburcio, N. (2018). Where Jose Rizal is Worshipped as a God. Esquire Magazine. Retrieved
from
https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/where-jose-rizal-is-worshipped-as-a-god-a2190-2
0180614-lfrm2
(5) Agoncillo, T. (1960). The History of the Filipino People. Quezon City: Garotech Publishing Inc.,
p. 160
(6) Guerrero, L. M. (1961). The First Filipino: A Biography of Jose Rizal. Manila: National
Historical Institute of The Philippines (1962); Guerrero Publishing.
(7) Joaquin, N. (1970). A Question of Heroes: Essays and Criticisms on Ten Key Figures of
Philippine History. Manila: Ayala Museum.
(8) Santos, T. (2011). Rizal’s retraction: Truth vs Myth. The Varsitarian. Retrieved from
https://varsitarian.net/news/20111004/rizals_retraction_truth_vs_myth
(9) Pascual, R. (1962). José Rizal Beyond the Grave. Manila: P. Ayuda & Co.
(10) Palma, R. (1965). Rizal’s Retraction: A Note on the Debate. Life and Writings of José Rizal.
Silliman Journal (Vol. 12, №2, April, May, June 1965), pages 168–183.
(11) ibid. (1949). Pride of the Malayan Race. New York: Prentice Hall.
(12) Joaquin, N. (1996). Rizal in Saga. Philippine National Centennial Commission.
(13) Guzman, M. (1988). The Hard Facts About Rizal’s Conversion. Sinagtala Publishers.

Saturno, JA
PRO
Rizal’s emphasis on education left a lasting impact on Philippines society. Rizal’s emphasis on
education left a lasting impact on Philippines society. During his time in Dapitan, he established
his own school in Talisay which is described as “progressive education” or the “alternative school
movement” which historians have divided into the Progressive Movement (1890-1940) and the
Free School Movement (1960-1975). What this school have that differentiate it to other schools in
that time is the idea that education should not be confined within the walls of a classroom, that
children learn best by doing and should be encouraged in their innate desire to discover and
explore their surroundings, that the teacher is most effective when he is a co-learner with his
wards and serves as their role model in the joys and excitement of learning .

According to Asuncion Lopez Bantug, Rizal’s grandniece, Rizal devise his own teaching aids the
older boys were taught the use of the rifle and went hunting with Rizal; the younger ones explored
the forest and seashores with Rizal to collect butterflies and assorted bugs, dig for seashells, and
dive for rare fish—which gave them “fascinating if practical lessons in botany and zoology.”.
There were gym classes for physical fitness and martial arts—weightlifting, wrestling, boxing and
fencing. The progressive school movement deconstructed the taken-for-granted idea that the
school is an enclave where the student learns first and then later, after graduation, gets a job and,
hopefully, becomes a productive member of the community. Against this notion, it advocated and
practiced the principle that the school is an integral part of community life— that education is
most fruitful when students are learning and working and promoting the well-being of the
community all at the same time.

Progressive education is perhaps Rizal’s greatest legacy in Dapitan. In his Talisay school, Rizal
pioneered what are now extolled as “school-based management” and “community-based
education”. “School-based management” is the decentralization of authority from the central
government to the school level wherein responsibility for, and decision-making authority over
school operations is transferred to principals, teachers, and parents, and sometimes to students
and other school community members.

Q&A
Q: What is the significance of Rizal in today’s education system?

A:Jose Rizal's significance in today's education system lies in his enduring influence as a symbol
of national pride, ethical leadership, intellectual inquiry, and social justice to Filipinos. He
pioneered school-based management and community-based education which made us become
more informed, engaged, and responsible citizens for our community.

CON

Glossing over Rizal's image and legacy made some people forget the accomplishment of our
other heroes who fought and sacrificed themselves for our independence. In 1901, Governor
General Howard Taft named Dr. Jose Rizal the National hero For Filipinos because Rizal was an
ideal candidate for his own way of fighting for Filipinos without violence, instead he fought for our
freedom by using his pen. However, Rizal did not advocate freedom for the Philippines either.

Rizal was an ilustrado only fighting on behalf of his fellow ilustrados. With his letter to Blumentritt
states that “…. under the present circumstances, we do not want separation from Spain. All that
we ask for is greater attention, better education, better government employees, one or two
representatives and greater security for our persons and property. Spain could always win the
appreciation of the Filipinos if she were only reasonable! “. With this statement, it is evident that
Rizal only wanted to change the treatment of Spain to his fellow countrymen, also to be equally
treated by them not to be liberated by them. During the revolution of Bonifacio, Rizal said that
“From the very beginning, when I first had notice of what was being planned, I opposed it, fought
it, and demonstrated its absolute impossibility”. This means that Rizal didn’t support the
revolution.

Contradicting what Rizal believes: he believed in freedom but not so much as national right; he
did not consider political independence as essential to have freedom; fear of the violence by his
people’s action; and he wanted to wait for the time that Spain would voluntarily leave us.

Q: How Rizal deserved the National Hero title if he had a narrowed view of freedom and didn’t
support the revolution in the first place with Bonifacio. He may have contributed to our freedom in
his own way but there are other heroes that have more passion and courage to fight our
colonizers for our country’s freedom.

REFERENCES

Baron-Fernandez, J. (1981). Jose Rizal: Filipino doctor and patriot. Manila: Manuel Morato.

Bantug, A. L. (2008). Lolo Jose: An intimate and illustrated portrait of Rizal (2nd ed.). Quezon
City: Vidal Publishing House.

Quibuyen, F. (2012). Rizal’s Legacy for the 21st Century: Progressive Education, Social
Entrepreneurship and Community Development in Dapitan.

Zamora, M. (n.d.) Why Rizal is not considered a national hero in the Philippines

Rizal's life and minor writings, p 187-188, Author: Craig, Austin, Philippine Education Company,
1927, Manila.

Constantino, R. (1975) The Philippines: A Past Revisited

Constantino, R. (1970) Veneration Without Understanding

Evasco, John Vincent

Argument 1.a: Jose Rizal's status as the national hero of the Philippines doesn't hinge on formal
declarations or statutes but rather on the deep-seated reverence and acknowledgment of his
contributions by the Filipino people. Despite the absence of an official pronouncement naming
him as such, Rizal occupies a significant place in Philippine history due to his pivotal role in the
nation's development and his enduring influence on the Filipino identity.

Firstly, Rizal's method of advocating for independence through peaceful means rather than
violence underscores his virtuous character. He exemplified the qualities of a hero by utilizing his
intellect, writing prowess, and diplomatic skills to champion the cause of Filipino nationalism. His
literary works, such as novels, essays, and articles, served as powerful tools to inspire and
mobilize the masses towards the pursuit of freedom.

Moreover, Rizal's profound impact on Philippine society cannot be understated. His ideas and
principles paved the way for socio-political reforms and awakened the Filipino consciousness to
the injustices of colonial rule. By advocating for education, social equality, and national unity,
Rizal laid the groundwork for the eventual uprising against Spanish colonialism and the quest for
Philippine independence.

Furthermore, the ongoing admiration and reverence for Rizal by the Filipino people attest to his
enduring legacy as a national hero. Despite differing opinions on who deserves the title, Rizal's
significance transcends mere titles or official proclamations. He embodies the aspirations and
struggles of the Filipino people for self-determination and dignity.
In conclusion, while Jose Rizal may not have been officially declared as the national hero of the
Philippines through statutes or presidential edicts, his indelible mark on Philippine history and his
embodiment of virtuous ideals make him a worthy recipient of the title. His peaceful yet effective
advocacy for independence, his profound influence on Philippine society, and the enduring
admiration of the Filipino people solidify his status as a national hero, irrespective of formal
declarations.

Questions that can be asked by the con side (Arg 1.a):

1. While Rizal's advocacy for independence through peaceful means is commendable, can it
be argued that his approach was too passive or ineffective in achieving tangible results
compared to more active revolutionary leaders like Andres Bonifacio or Emilio Aguinaldo?
2. Is there evidence to suggest that Rizal's ideas and principles directly led to the eventual
uprising against Spanish colonialism, or were there other factors at play that contributed
more significantly to the Philippine independence movement?
3. How do we reconcile Rizal's portrayal as a peaceful advocate for independence with his
involvement in the establishment of the La Liga Filipina, which some argue was a
precursor to more radical and violent movements?
4. While Rizal may have been revered by the Filipino people, can it be argued that his status
as a national hero is largely based on romanticized notions of heroism rather than
concrete achievements or contributions to Philippine society?
5. Given that Rizal's designation as the national hero of the Philippines lacks formal
recognition through statutes or presidential declarations, how do we justify bestowing such
a significant title on him without official endorsement or consensus?
6. Are there other figures in Philippine history who may be equally or more deserving of the
title of national hero based on their contributions to the country's development and their
impact on the lives of Filipinos?

Argument 1.b: Jose Rizal, often regarded as the national hero of the Philippines, rightfully earns
this title due to his profound contributions to the country's struggle for freedom and his enduring
legacy as a nationalist, physician, and author.

Firstly, Rizal's literary prowess and fearless critique of Spanish colonial governance in his novels,
"Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," served as a catalyst for awakening national
consciousness and galvanizing the Filipino people towards reform. These works not only exposed
the injustices and abuses under Spanish rule but also inspired a sense of collective identity and
unity among Filipinos.

Moreover, Rizal's leadership in the Propaganda Movement, his establishment of the Liga Filipina,
and his advocacy for nonviolent reform initiatives underscore his commitment to effecting change
through peaceful means. Despite facing persecution and eventual exile, Rizal remained steadfast
in his belief in the power of education, enlightenment, and civic engagement to bring about social
transformation.
Furthermore, Rizal's martyrdom, culminating in his public execution in 1896, symbolizes the
ultimate sacrifice for the cause of Philippine independence. His unwavering courage and
selflessness in the face of oppression inspired generations of Filipinos to continue the fight for
sovereignty and dignity.

Additionally, Rizal's legacy extends beyond his lifetime, as evidenced by the enduring relevance
of his literary works and the ongoing scholarly discourse surrounding his ideas and principles. His
writings continue to resonate with contemporary audiences, shedding light on the complexities of
colonialism, identity, and national liberation.

In conclusion, Jose Rizal's multifaceted contributions as a nationalist, physician, and author,

coupled with his unwavering commitment to the Filipino cause and his ultimate sacrifice, make
him a deserving national hero of the Philippines. His enduring legacy serves as a source of
inspiration and pride for the Filipino people, embodying the spirit of resilience, courage, and
determination in the pursuit of freedom and justice.

Argument 1.c: In considering whether Jose Rizal should be the national hero of the Philippines,
one must look beyond mere historical context and delve into the essence of what it means to
embody the spirit of a nation. Rizal, with his unwavering dedication, intellectual prowess, and
unyielding love for his country, undeniably epitomizes the ideals and aspirations of the Filipino
people.

Firstly, Rizal's leadership and influence were evident long before the start of the armed struggle
against Spanish colonial rule. He was chosen by his compatriots both at home and abroad to lead
various organizations aimed at advocating for Filipino rights, justice, and equality. His leadership
roles in groups like La Solidaridad and his involvement in the formation of La Liga Filipina
underscore his commitment to uniting his fellow Filipinos in pursuit of a common cause.

Moreover, Rizal's writings and actions reflect his deep-seated love for his homeland and his
desire for genuine progress and reform. Despite his appreciation for Spanish culture and history,
Rizal recognized the injustices and hardships faced by his fellow Filipinos under colonial rule.
Through his literary works and activism, he courageously challenged the oppressive systems in
place and called for meaningful change.

Furthermore, Rizal's impact extended far beyond the borders of the Philippines. His writings
resonated with people around the world, garnering admiration and respect even from influential
figures in the United States Congress. The recognition of Rizal's contributions to literature and
advocacy for Filipino rights played a significant role in shaping policies such as the Philippine Bill
of 1902, which extended certain rights and representation to Filipinos.

Lastly, Rizal's belief in the potential of the youth as the hope of the nation continues to inspire
generations of Filipinos to strive for excellence and contribute to the betterment of society. His
vision for a future where Filipino children are empowered with knowledge, skills, and values
echoes through initiatives aimed at education and youth development in the Philippines.
In conclusion, Jose Rizal's exemplary character, leadership, and dedication to the welfare of his
country make him a fitting choice for the title of national hero. His enduring legacy serves as a
guiding light for Filipinos in their ongoing journey towards progress, freedom, and national
identity.

Rivera, Josias John

PRO : Symbolic Representation

It was shown how Rizal was recognized as our national hero. Granting that he belongs to the
unofficial national symbols, it cannot be denied that Rizal’s name and memory have long been
representing the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity, symbolizing our country.
Even in the international arena, Rizal’s name elicits the name of our country. In places where he
had been and where his books [and the books about him] are found in foreign libraries, the name
Philippines is necessarily indicated. Indeed, Rizal is unquestionably the greatest hero and martyr
of our nation. Borrowing the words of De Ocampo:
"The day of his birth and the day of his execution are fittingly commemorated by all classes of our
people throughout the length and breadth of this country and even by Filipinos and their friends
abroad. His name is a byword in every Filipino home while his picture adorns the postage stamp
and paper money of widest circulation. No other Filipino hero can surpass Rizal in the number of
towns, barrios, and streets named after him; in the number of educational institutions, societies,
and trade names that bear his name; in the number of persons, both Filipinos and foreigners, who
were named "Rizal" or "Rizalina" because of their parents’ admiration for the Great Malayan; and
in the number of laws, Executive Orders and Proclamations of the Chief Executive, and bulletins,
memoranda, and circulars of both the bureaus of public and private schools. Who is the Filipino
writer and thinker whose teachings and noble thoughts have been frequently invoked and quoted
by authors and public speakers on almost all occasions? None but Rizal. And why is this so?
Because as biographer Rafael Palma said, "The doctrines of Rizal are not for one epoch but for
all epochs. They are as valid today as they were yesterday. It cannot be said that because the
political ideals of Rizal have been achieved, because of the change in the institutions, the wisdom
of his counsels or the value of his doctrines have ceased to be opportune. They have not."

Reference :
The Life and Works of Jose Rizal By: Dr. Imelda C. Nery & Paul John G. Sion

CON : Multiple Heroes Perspective

Why is Jose Rizal the national hero of the Philippines? It is interesting to note that Jose Rizal’s
heroism was recognized first by the colonizing Americans and later on by General Emilio
Aguinaldo.

Recommended by US Governor Taft :

The Americans (through the American Governor William Howard Taft) recommended to the
Philippine Commission, which was sponsored by the US, to declare Jose Rizal as a national hero
for the Filipinos. The Americans recommended Rizal because of the fact that he was executed by
the Spaniards and of his peaceful way to achieve liberty. Unlike Andres Bonifacio whose desire to
achieve independence for his native land required an armed approach. The Americans deemed
this approach to independence of Andres Bonifacio to be unacceptable and may inspire other
Filipinos to rebel against American rule. This is why Jose Rizal was chosen over him as the
national hero. Jose Rizal was declared as the greatest Filipino hero during the American
colonization after the Aguinaldo led armed forces were subdued during the Philippine-American
war.
The Pen Is Mightier Than the Sword :
The Philippine revolution led by Andres Bonifacio was fueled by the writings of Jose Rizal, Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which made a more lasting impression. This is one of the best
arguments of those who believe that Rizal is rightfully the national hero. Rizal was truly an
inspiration to many Filipinos during the Spanish period. According to the historian Rafael Palma,
Rizal was more deserving of the national hero title. Rizal was even thought to have suggested
that Antonio Luna lead the revolutionary forces since Luna has studied military science which was
a brilliant idea to lessen casualties against the powerhouse Spanish militia. Rizal believed that
only an army that was well prepared and had enough arms would ensure victory
Founder of La Liga Filipina :
Jose Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina, a civic organization that led to the creation of the
Katipunan headed by Andres Bonifacio. This fact may already substantiate that Rizal’s title was
deserving since without the La Liga Filipina, Andres Bonifacio and his army would have been
non-existent.
Everything started with Rizal. Philippine Revolution against Spain started what was known as the
First Republic led by Emilio Aguinaldo.
For Rizal, violence or armed resistance only as a last resort and considered the restoration of the
people’s dignity as a justification means of achieving national liberation and self-rule. On the other
hand, Filipinos are also grateful to Andres Bonifacio’s legacy, his advocacy to an armed
revolution. We credit both Rizal and Bonifacio for awakening the patriotic spirit of Filipinos.
Reference :

How Rizal Became the National Hero of the Philippines

joserizal.com/jose-rizal-national-hero/

QUESTION FOR PRO :

How does Rizal symbolize the fight for Philippine independence, and what broader implications
does his representation carry?

ANSWER :
Rizal embodies the aspirations of a nation yearning for freedom, serving as a poignant symbol of
resistance against colonial oppression. His literary works and activism epitomize the Filipino
spirit's resilience and determination amidst adversity. Through Rizal, the quest for independence
transcends historical context, resonating with struggles for sovereignty worldwide.

QUESTION FOR CON :

How does the official declaration of Dr. Jose Rizal as the sole national hero overlook the
contributions and sacrifices of other Philippine heroes in the struggle for independence?

ANSWER :
Officially designating Dr. Jose Rizal as the sole national hero undermines the diverse efforts of
numerous individuals who fought for Philippine independence.
Moreover, it diminishes the recognition deserved by those who made invaluable sacrifices and
contributions beyond Rizal's scope of influence.
Acknowledging the multifaceted roles of various heroes is crucial in honoring the collective
endeavor towards Philippine liberation.

Tibayan, Melvin Jhon A.

PRO SIDE moral and ethical leadership

● Emphasize Rizal's commitment to non-violence and his emphasis on education and
enlightenment.
Jose Rizal’s ideals were a product and composite of the teachings of what is known as the
philosophy of Enlightenment. That stage of philosophy marked the dawn of the eighteenth
century in Europe and continued to the 19th century.
Friar injustices and Spanish misrule. Jose Rizal’s writings transformed his stature from a writer
and propagandist against social and religious injustices of Spanish rule in the Philippines that
made him into a national hero.
Highly intellectually gifted, he came from a well-to-do family that valued education. He was the
only sibling (among 10) to go to Spain for studies. Thus, so much was sacrificed to get him to
achieve.
The Spain of Rizal’s time. The second half of the 19th century – the time when Rizal lived (from
1861 to 1896) – saw Spain experience its continuing decline. A long war of succession in the
kingdom after the Napoleonic era had weakened it. Spain was highly dominated by Church
influence in government. In other parts of Europe, liberal ideas had led the path toward
separating Church and State, though in different forms.
The Philippines remained by far Spain’s most durable colony along with Cuba and Puerto Rico,
the lonely remnants of Spain’s once vast American empire. Perhaps because of more distant
geography, the colonial policies with respect to the Philippines were harsher and more stringent.
Along with other Filipino expatriates of the time, Rizal would be vocal in making the case for the
reform of Spain’s colonial policies. The ideas of Enlightenment had breezed through Europe the
century before, but Spain remained largely less affected by these strong winds of thought.
Rizal’s work comes from the influences of the philosophy of Enlightenment. The political and
social reforms that he espoused embodies general ideas of tolerance, more liberty and the need
for civil government.
Q: How did Rizal's commitment to non-violence influence his approach to advocating for social
and political change in the Philippines?
A: Rizal’s legacy transcends borders, resonating globally through his international connections
and interactions with intellectual circles around the world. He remains an icon of bravery and
resilience, reminding us that one individual’s dedication and sacrifice can spark a revolution and
change the course of history.
CON side
● Ethnic and Cultural Diversity:
Highlight that the emphasis on Dr. Jose Rizal may neglect the diverse ethnic and cultural
backgrounds of other heroes who may have equally contributed to the nation's history.
The emphasis on Dr. Jose Rizal as a national hero might inadvertently overshadow the
contributions of other heroes from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds. While Rizal's role in
advocating for Philippine independence and social reforms is undeniable, it's essential to
recognize that the nation's history is shaped by a multitude of voices and experiences. Neglecting
the contributions of other heroes who may come from different ethnic or cultural backgrounds
risks oversimplifying the complexities of Philippine history and erasing the narratives of
marginalized communities. Therefore, it's crucial to celebrate the diversity of heroes who have
played significant roles in shaping the nation's history and identity.
Q: How does the predominant focus on Dr. Jose Rizal as a national hero potentially overshadow
the diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds of other heroes who have equally contributed to the
shaping of Philippine history?
References:
https://econ.upd.edu.ph/perse/?p=7208
https://sinaunangpanahon.com/the-life-of-jose-rizal/#:~:text=Rizal's%20commitment%20to%20pe
aceful%20resistance,fight%20for%20a%20better%20future.
https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/sunday-life/2012/06/17/818348/dr-jose-rizal-and-other-philippine
-heroes
https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/sunday-life/2012/06/17/818348/dr-jose-rizal-and-other-philippine
-heroes
—------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
jv
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Sustiguer, Christian Rhowen B.

PRO:
A1: Global Recognition
Highlight Rizal's international recognition and acclaim for his works and ideas.

Considering Rizal’s works and ideas Rizal kept himself very busy employing all his talents. He
provided free ophthalmology and general medical services to the residents, while adjusting small
fees based on the financial capabilities of visitors. He invested in land cultivation, established a
school where he personally instructed students, and dedicated efforts to enhance the town's
aesthetics and infrastructure. Additionally, he remained engaged in scholarly pursuits through his
writing.
A2: Moral and Ethical Leadership:
Emphasize Rizal's commitment to non-violence and his emphasis on
education and enlightenment.

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world."
From a young age, Jose Rizal grasped the profound importance of education in shaping lives. He
saw beyond mere knowledge, understanding that education cultivated wisdom and passion,
molding him into a better person and shaping his identity. Rizal believed education could break
the chains of ignorance among Filipinos, elevating his nation to greatness. He advocated for
educational reforms and emphasized its role in societal progress. Rizal's commitment to
excellence was unwavering, and he used his knowledge to advocate for freedom through
peaceful means. He believed that the journey toward goals was as vital as the goals themselves,
defining individuals' essence.

CONS:
Relevance to Modern Society:
Contend that the criteria for a national hero
should evolve to reflect the changing needs and values of modern Philippine
society, and therefore, Dr. Jose Rizal may not be the most relevant symbol for
today's generation.

Q1:
Why Is Rizal needed to be considered as The National Hero in The Philippines even though he
may not be the most relevant symbol of being the national hero in today’s generation?

Jose Rizal earned his status as the Philippine national hero not solely due to American influence
but largely because of his peaceful and intellectual approach to advocating for freedom. He
eschewed violent revolution, instead championing reforms through his writings and intellectual
endeavors. Rizal's fellow Filipinos recognized his patriotic efforts and unwavering commitment to
reform during the Spanish colonial era, particularly his nonviolent struggle for the liberation of his
homeland.

Jose Rizal's name adorns countless places across the Philippines, from roads and schools to a
whole province named after him. His likeness graces currency, and monuments stand in his
honor, notably at Rizal Park in Manila. These serve as visible symbols of the profound respect
Filipinos hold for him as their national hero. Rizal's multifaceted nature, characterized by intellect,
compassion, and a profound commitment to social justice, resonates deeply with his countrymen.
He touched lives, stirred the masses, and faced persecution for his convictions, yet remained
dedicated to advocating for his people through his writings and actions. His legacy continues to
shape Filipino society, cementing his status as an enduring national icon.

Reference :
Tracy B. Ravin, MD | February 2001|
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/265463
Benigno Pagalilauan | May 2015 |
https://www.scribd.com/doc/266294479/rizal-s-education#:~:text=He%20believed%20that%20ed
ucation%20could,through%20writing%20rather%20than%20violence
Lourdes Arguelles | September 2011 |
https://www.scribd.com/document/66881509/Why-is-Rizal-Considered-the-National-Hero-in-the-P
hilippines

MARCUS LOUIS GAITE

Pros
In the Philippines, Republic Act No. 1425, also known as the Rizal Law, provides a legal basis for
considering Jose Rizal as a national hero. Enacted on June 12, 1956, the law mandates the
inclusion of the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal in the curricula of all public and private
schools, colleges, and universities in the country.
Peaceful Resistance: Despite facing oppression and persecution, Rizal advocated for peaceful
reform rather than violent rebellion. His commitment to non-violence and civil disobedience set a
moral example for future Filipino leaders and contributed to the development of a democratic and
inclusive nationalist movement.
Literary Excellence: Rizal's literary works, particularly his novels "Noli Me Tangere" and "El
Filibusterismo," served as catalysts for social awakening and political consciousness among
Filipinos. Through his writings, he exposed the injustices and abuses of Spanish colonial rule,
sparking a sense of unity and resistance among his compatriots.
Cons
Limited Role in Armed Resistance: Some critics argue that Rizal's advocacy for reform through
peaceful means, as opposed to outright armed resistance, may not fully represent the spectrum
of strategies employed by other Filipino revolutionaries during his time. This limitation in his
approach could diminish his significance as a national hero in the eyes of some.
Elitist Background: Rizal hailed from a relatively privileged background, being born into a wealthy
family and having access to quality education abroad. Critics contend that his elite status may
disconnect him from the struggles of the masses and undermine his representation as a hero for
all Filipinos, particularly those from marginalized sectors of society.
Limited Impact on Immediate Independence: While Rizal's writings and activism played a crucial
role in raising awareness and fostering a sense of national identity among Filipinos, some argue
that his efforts did not directly lead to the immediate attainment of Philippine independence.
Critics point out that the Philippine Revolution, which eventually led to independence, gained
momentum after Rizal's execution and was largely driven by other revolutionary leaders.

Reference
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/batangas-state-university/bsa/debate/15763491
https://www.scribd.com › document
The Great Debate: The Rizal Retraction | PDF | Testimony