https://youtu.be/L7Kt5oOjqG4?

feature=shared - WATCH (MAKATO AND THE COWRIE SHELL)

LESSON #2

Orphan: A child whose parents are both dead.

Wage: A fixed regular payment, typically paid on a daily or weekly basis, especially to a worker
in exchange for labor.

Sensible: Having or showing good sense or judgment; practical.

Fertile: (of soil or land) producing or capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops.

Frontier: A line or border separating two countries.

Thirsty: Feeling a need to drink something.

Kind Hearted: Having or showing a sympathetic nature; gentle and compassionate.

Mahout: A person who drives and looks after elephants.

Splendid: Magnificent; very impressive.

Attendants: People employed to provide a service to others, especially in a particular place or at

a particular event.

Bow: To bend the body forward as a gesture of respect or greeting.

PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES - LESSON #3

Propaganda - The spreading of information with the purpose of influencing feelings or actions
(always biased and can be negatuve or positive)

TYPE OF PROPAGANDA SMALL DESCRIPTION

NAME CALLING Trash-talking another product or person

GLITTERING GENERALITIES Words of praise towards the product being

advertised

TRANSFER Helps a person imagine themself as part of a

picture

TESTIMONIAL Famous person recommends a product or a

political endorsement (bbm bulok)
PLAIN FOLKS Majority of people has the same ideas
towards the product

CARD STACKING Ignores the negative impact and only

advertises the positive ones

BANDWAGON Pag ni-lleft out ka ng mga friends mo

hahahhahah joke. As to not “miss out” on
what everyone else is doing

EXAMINING BIASES - LESSON #4

BIAS SMALL DESCRIPTION

LOOK FOR LOADED WORDS Words that are charged with emotions
(author’s opinion)

WATH OUT FOR STEREOTYPES Labels an entire group instead of specifying it

NOTICE VAGUE LANGUAGE OR Isn’t using specific language (parang

GENERALIZATION stereotype)

BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR ONE-SIDED One-sided katulad mo hahahahahaha

ARGUMENTS

DOES THE AUTHOR PRESENT FACTS OR What is the author’s point of view on the
OPINIONS? issue?

COMPARING AND CONTRASTING OPINIONS - LESSON #5

OPINION A belief. judgment, or way of thing about

something

FACT Something that truly exist

COMPARE/COMPARISON Similarities (alike, equally, likewise, etc.)

CONTRAST Difference (although, on the other hand,

unlike, etc.)
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CITING SOURCES - LESSON #6
Source - Is the text or other work that provides the information that is being used

PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE

- Is being reported first hand - Describes, interprets, evaluates or

- original sources, not interpretations analyzes information from primary
made by someone else sources
- speeches, philosophers’ essays, diary, - textbooks, documentaries,
letters, etc. encylopedias, etc.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH - LESSON #7

ETHOS APPROACH It appeals to the audience’s ethics and

morals, such as what is the ‘right thing’ to do
for humanity, saving the environment, etc.

PATHOS APPROACH is when you appeal to the audience’s

emotions, such as when you tell a story that
makes them the main character in a difficult
situation.

LOGOS APPROACG to giving a persuasive speech is when you

appeal to the audience’s logic.

CITATION

1. MLA (Modern Language Association):

- In-text citations typically include the author's last name and page number (ex, Smith 123).
- Works cited entries are arranged alphabetically by the author's last name and include the
author's name, title of the source, publication information, and other relevant details.

2. APA (American Psychological Association):

- In-text citations typically include the author's last name and the publication year (ex. Smith,
2019).
- References are listed alphabetically by the author's last name and include the author's name,
publication year, title of the source, publication information, and other necessary details.

These citation styles have specific rules and formats for citing various types of sources,
such as books, journal articles, websites, and more. It's essential to follow the guidelines
of the chosen style consistently throughout your paper or research project.