Mere Registration Of Will Not Enough To Assign It

Validity: SC

Lawbeat News Desk

01:14 PM, 14 Oct 2023

Read Time: 09 minutes

Synopsis
Court said that it is well settled that mere registration would not sanctify a document by attaching to it an
irrebuttable presumption of genuineness

The Supreme Court has said that mere registration of a Will would not be sufficient to prove its validity,
as its lawful execution necessarily has to be proved in accordance with Section 68 of the Indian Evidence
Act, 1872 and Section 63 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925.

A bench of Justices C T Ravikumar and Sanjay Kumar said that it is well settled that mere registration
would not sanctify a document by attaching to it an irrebuttable presumption of genuineness.
The court cited its judgment in case of 'Janki Narayan Bhoir vs Narayan Namdeo Kadam (2003) wherein
it was held that to prove that a Will has been executed, the requirements in clauses (a), (b), and (c) of
Section 63 of the Succession Act have to be complied with.

It was pointed out that the most important point is that the Will has to be attested by two or more
witnesses and each of these witnesses must have seen the testator sign or affix his mark to the Will or
must have seen some other person sign the Will in the presence of and by the direction of the testator or
must have received from the testator a personal acknowledgment of his signature or mark or of the
signature or mark of such other person and each of the witnesses has to sign the Will in the presence of
the testator.

It was further held that a person propounding a Will has to prove that the Will was duly and validly
executed and that cannot be done by simply proving that the signature on the Will was that of the testator,
as the propounder must also prove that the attestations were made properly, as required by Section 63(c)
of the Succession Act, the bench added.

The top court dismissed an appeal filed by one Dhani Ram, through legal representatives and others
against the Himachal Pradesh High Court's judgment of 2009 restoring the trial court's decision which
disbelieved the Will put forth by the appellants.

Leela Devi, also referred to as Leela Wati, died on December 10, 1987. Her husband, Sohan Lal, had
predeceased her. Dhani Ram, the son of Leela Devi’s brother, claimed that she executed a registered Will
bequeathing to him the properties left by late Sohan Lal. Shiv Singh, the son of Sohan Lal’s brother,
instituted a Civil Suit in Solan, Himachal Pradesh, challenging the Will executed by Leela Devi, under
which Dhani Ram claimed entitlement to the properties that originally belonged to Sohan Lal.

The top court, however, found that Dhani Ram failed to prove the execution of the Will in terms of the
mandatory legal requirements. Thus, court held that Shiv Singh would be entitled to succeed to the
properties by way of intestate succession under Section 15 of the Act of 1956, as rightly held by the
Himachal Pradesh High Court.

In the instant case, Leela Devi allegedly executed the Will on October 27, 1987, got it registered on
November 03, 1987 and expired on December 10, 1987. Therefore, she lived for barely a month and a
half after the execution of the Will.

The bench said that compliance with the essential legal requirements, in terms of Sections 68 and 71 of
the Evidence Act and Section 63 of the Succession Act, was not established in order to prove the
execution of Will.
It pointed out that Section 68 of the Evidence Act required at least one attesting witness to the Will to
prove its execution in terms of Section 63 of the Succession Act, but it was clear that neither witness Lok
Nath Attri nor another witness Chaman Lal passed muster in satisfying this requirement.

In consequence, Section 71 of the Evidence Act had a role to play in the matter, as one attesting witness,
Chaman Lal, denied the very execution of the document in his presence while the other attesting witness,
Lok Nath Attri, did not establish its execution in terms of the legal mandate.

"It was, therefore, incumbent upon Dhani Ram to lead other evidence to prove the execution of the Will
by Leela Devi. However, neither Ghanshyam Dutt Sharma, the document writer who scribed the Will, nor
anyone from the Registrar’s Office at Kasauli were examined to prove its execution", the bench said.