3.6.

Solution
Assumption: isotropic, linear elastic

plane strain condition:

3.9. Solution

Initial state:

150
Shear stress (kPa)

100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250

Normal stress (kPa)

After construction:

The principal stresses

The maximum shear stress

The angle between the major principal stress plane and horizontal plane

150
Shear stress (kPa)

100

(120, 40)
50

2
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
(245, -40)

Normal stress (kPa)

Hence,
the change in magnitude of the principal stresses and maximum shear stress are

and the change in orientation of the principal stress plane resulting from the
construction of the foundation is 16.3 counter-clockwise.

3.10. Solution
Assume specific gravity of the soil Gs is 2.70.

For the soil above GWT,

Using ,

For the soil below GWT,

Using

0m

19x4.5=85.5kPa 19x4.5=85.5kPa
4.5m

9.5m
85.5+5x19.3=182kPa 5x19.3=49kPa 182-4.9=133kPa

Total stress Pore water pressure Effective stress

3.14. Solution

Using
,
and

At point A: =18.5x1+19x2=56.5kPa
u=4x9.81=39.2kPa
=56.5-39.2=17.3kPa
=17.3x0.5=8.65kPa
=8.65+39.2=47.85kPa

At point B: =18.5x1+19x2+17x1.5=82kPa
u=5.5x9.81=53.9kPa
=82-53.9=28.1kPa
=28.1x0.5=14.05kPa
=14.05+53.9=67.95kPa

At point C: =18.5x1+19x2+17x1.5+17x2=116kPa
u=7.5x9.81=73.5kPa
=116-73.5=42.5kPa
=42.5x0.5=21.25kPa
=73.5+21.25=94.25kPa