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PROJECT TOPIC
IMROVING LIVELIHOOD OF BEGGARS THROUGH INCOME GENERATING
ACTIVITIES IN GULELE SUB- CITY OF ADDIS ABABA
 Table of contents

No. Topics pages

1. Executive summary
2. Background and description of the study area
3. Needs and capacity assessment
4. Problem analysis
5. Stakeholder analysis
6. Target population
7. Objective of the project
8. Goal, purpose, outputs, and activities
9. Risks and assumptions
10. Implementation strategy of the project
11. The logical frame work of the project
12. Action planning
13. Activity schedule
14. Financial plan
Executive Summary
Project title – Improving the Livelihoods of Beggars through Income Generating Activities
Area coverage- Gulale sub-city, Addis Ababa.
Beneficiaries- 270 able bodied beggars are direct beneficiaries and 1080 are indirect \
beneficiaries.
Commencement time- 2010
Proposed period-February, 2010 to January 2013.
Proposed total budget-3,273,240 Ethiopian birr.
 Background and Description of the Project area
As it is a common phenomenon of many developing countries, Ethiopia is facing different
social and economic problems. High degree of poverty, rapid spread of HIV/AIDS infection,
unemployment, rapid population growth and high migration rate are some of the serious
problems in the country. Poverty and the societal changes resulting from urbanization have
produced further social problems, of which begging is the most serious and visible one.
Though the exact time and place of emergence is not indicated in written documents, the
practice of begging is believed to have existed for centuries in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, the
growth and expansion of beggary is attributed to different reasons. An old age religious
teachings and practices of almsgiving to the poor, poverty and its related impacts, the
recurring drought and famine together with internal conflicts in the country greatly
contributed for the expansion of beggary in the country. According to the Ministry of Labour
and Social Affairs report of 2007, the estimated number of beggars in Ethiopia reached up to
200,000. Of this number, 50,000 of them are living in Addis Ababa. And 50% of these are
believed to be able bodied and capable of working. As it is a case in other sub cities of Addis
Ababa, there are many beggars in Gulele sub city. Though begging is a chronic problem in
Addis Ababa in general and in Gulele in particular, little attention is given to the problem of
beggary. It is by considering this problem that this project is planned to be implemented it in
Gulele sub-city.
Gulele sub-city is one of the ten sub-cities in Addis Ababa and has an estimated total
population over 300000. This sub-city is one of the areas where high incidence of urban
poverty and migrants are observed. In addition to this, the sub-city is among areas having
poor social services. That means, there are severe socio-economic problems which include
unemployment, poor living conditions, low income as well as poor sanitation.
Needs and Capacity Assessment
It is obvious that the first step in developing a project is conducting need assessment. To
identify the needs of the community, interview, focus group discussion and observation were
used. The interviewees include kebele leaders, health workers students, religious person,
teachers and key community elders identified and listed poor housing, poor sanitation, high
living cost, unemployment and increasing number of beggars in the area as the major
problems they are currently facing. Larger number of beggars residing in old and small
houses, lying and walking on streets and poor drainage systems were also observed. To
supplement and strengthen the information obtained though the other methods, focus group
discussion was carried out with the groups from elders, beggars, sub-city’s administrators,
chairmen of the kebeles and women affairs.
During interview and focus group discussion the community prioritized the problems and
forwarded what they think will be solution for the problems. Accordingly, begging which
resulted from unemployment, lack of vocational training and handicappers is mentioned by
majority of the area’s dwellers as the main problems of the area. As a solution, improving the
income of the beggars has got a high emphasis. If the income of the beggars is improved,
other problems like residence problem, food shortage, health problems, illiteracy and the like
will be solved. So, creating income generating activities for beggars is what is agreed on to be
addressed by the project.
Regarding the capacity assessment, available resources for the implementation of the project
are identified. For instance, land for the construction of buildings that serves as training
centre, market centre, store and office for the staff will be provided. Kebele houses will be
rented for the beggars as a residence after incorporated in the project. Moreover, there are
artisans and craftsmen in the sub-city who can provide training for the trainees of the project
after they will be given a short training. In the community, there are also labour forces who
can serve in the cafeteria which will be built by the project.
Problem Analysis
Ethiopia is one of the countries seriously affected by the spread of beggary. With a
population of 77.4 million, Ethiopia is also one of the poorest countries in the world. The
country’s poor socio-economic status has been further exacerbated by emergence and
expansion of beggary. Nowadays, the condition of the poor in Addis Ababa is the social in
general and Gulele sub-city in particular begging is one of the major social problem.
The beggary problem has a lot to do with the country’s socio-economic and historical aspects
characterized by low income, high unemployment rate, and fast rising cost of living, high rate
of population growth, and continuous rural-urban migration. Added to this, internal conflicts,
drought and famine have led many vulnerable people into urban centre and in particular to
streets of Addis Ababa. Having no alternative means of survival, many of these vulnerable
people turn to begging on streets, around church or mosque compounds, at traffic lights and
commercial areas. With the obvious persistent poverty, the existence of large number of
beggars put further social constraint to the already existing problems. The general living
condition of the beggars in the area is beggars is one of the striking and irritating scene for it
vividly reveals all sorts of multifaceted evils bestowed up on them in terms of material as
well as social aspects of life.
The beggars, as impoverished underclass, find themselves in multifaceted and extreme
impoverishment which can generally be characterized by chronic food shortage and
insecurity, illiteracy and insecurity, homelessness or poor housing often on unsuitable land,
disease, unsanitary living conditions and above all marginalization and exclusion.
If it continues unchecked, begging will alter the country’s development by retarding growth
(due to loss of productive group) weakening tourist attraction of the country, Social
instability due to crime and exacerbating poverty and in equality. For this reason, the problem
of beggary is one of the competing priorities on the country’s development. Thus, improving
the life of the beggars is one of the preconditions of the country’s development efforts. In
order to solve the prevailing problems of beggars, it is mandatory to promote income
generating activities so as to improve the income of able bodied beggars with their families
living in Gulale sub-city.
To show the beggars problem in reality it is analyzed in relation to causes and effects in the
following problem tree.
 Death

Unwanted pregnancy Sexually transmitted diseases

Exposure to unsafe sex Inability to buy Starvation Disease Death

food

Poor housing Spread of crimes Isolation from Stress Hopelessness

disturbance the social ties

Less tourist Less hard currency

Low income Bad image of
attraction
the country

Begging
Migration
Physical disabilities Low income to the city
Destitution during old age
Inability to Natural Diseases War
Lack of income Lack of land
Lack of children who support work & feed
themselves or
Lack of health care
Death Lack of money
Because of low Large family
Health problems to set up their
income unable size
own work
War Epidemic to support their
parents Illiteracy
diseases Lack of
saving Unemployment
High living practices
Shortage of Little
cost
food Lack of attention
Illiteracy opportunity from gov’t
to training or NGO’s
 Stakeholder Analysis
As the project is a community participatory approach, the interests and influences of different
individuals and groups will be addressed by the project. As such, project has likely impacts
on different groups or individuals across different social strata. As able bodied beggars are
the target population of this project, they are the direct beneficiaries of the project and
therefore categorized under primary stakeholders. In addition to this, the families of these
beggars will be benefitted primarily from the project in the way of nutrition, education and
other social services improvement.
On the other hand, craftsmen and artisans’ community, local inhabitants, NGOs, credit and
saving associations and sub-city’s kebele officials are the secondary stakeholders of the
project. The inhabitants are those benefited from the project through the provision of market
accessibility because the establishment of the market centre for the sale of the products of the
target population. The project also has influences on craftsmen and artisans both positively
and negatively, because it creates job opportunities in giving training for the target population
of the project on one hand and it increases competition for on their products on the other
hand. The government sectors such as sub-city’s kebeles officials will be benefited since the
project objectives coincided with the government policy on poverty reduction. They are also
benefited from the prevalence of peace and security when the beggars are incorporated in the
programs of the project. Churches are also among those who are negatively affected by the
project, since they raise most of their incomes by begging and most of their servants get their
livelihood from believers in the form of almsgiving.
The project also works towards the fulfilment of some NGOs vision working on humanitarian
actions by improving income and living conditions of beggars. In general, the project
prioritized primary stakeholders’ needs than that of secondary ones. Therefore, the project
stakeholder analysis is summarized in the following stakeholder analysis matrix.
Stakeholders Interest Likely Priority
Impact of
the Project
 Primary
 Able bodied beggars  Income + 1
 Vocational skills + 1
 Household + 2
consumption

 Families of able bodied  Education + 2

beggars  Residence + 2
 Nutrition + 2

 Local community + 3
 Market
accessibility
 Secondary +`
 Craftsmen and artisan + 3
community
- 3

 Sub-city’s kebele officials + 3

+ 5

- 5

 Credit and saving associations + 5

+ 4

 NGOs working on + 4
humanitarian action + 4
 Sub city Labour and Social
Affairs + 4

 Religious organizations
- 5

*Formal beggars-those who beg money in the name churches and these include church
students, priests and nuns.
NB: project priority scale decreases from the lowest number to the highest, i.e. number is the
highest prioritized while number 5 is the lowest.
As we observed, the participation of stakeholders in the project implementation, the influence
that stakeholders have over the project and the priority given by the project in satisfying the
needs and interests of the stakeholders can be analyzed by the following diagram.
High 9 8
Importance 1
Medium 2 6
5
3 4
7

Low Medium High

Influence
1. Able-bodied beggars
2. Families of able-bodied beggars
3. Local community
4. Ministry of labour and social affairs
5. Craftsmen and artisan community
6. Sub-city’s kebele officials
7. Churches
8. NGOs working on humanitarian action
9. Credit and saving associations
Target Population of the Project
The direct target population of this project will be 270 beggars identified as able bodied and
capable of working in Gulele sub-city of Addis Ababa. The indirect target population will
be the families of those trained under the project program. The project will benefit the direct
beneficiaries in providing them with employment opportunity which is the means of income
generation. Moreover, the indirect beneficiaries get support from those directly involved in
the programs of the project.
Objective of the Project
The objective of this project is to improve the livelihood of 270 beggars who are capable of
working in ten kebeles of Gulele Sub-city of Addis Ababa from the year 2010-2013 through
establishing income generating activities. This can be represented by the following objective
tree.

Improved income of able-bodied beggars

Improved saving practices

Created employment opportunity in
the form of IGA

Provided skills training for income Provided training for

generating activities saving practices

Improved Social networks to Wisely used resource

facilitate IGA

Established working places

Constructed training and Built Market centre

production centre

Goal, Purpose, Outputs and Activities

Goal-Reducing the incidence of beggar in Addis Ababa
Purpose-Improved livelihood of 270 able bodied beggars in Gulale sub-city by
Increasing their levels of income
Outputs-Established income generating activities for able bodied beggars with their
families who are engaged in begging in Gulele sub-city of Addis Ababa.
Activities
The activities of the project focus on the promotion of income generating activities through
various skills and vocational trainings that are stated as follows.
 Selection of beneficiaries.
 Constructing training centre which later used as production centre.
 Identification of craftsmen and artisans and then train them as trainers of the trainees.
 Provision of vocational training for 270 beggars
 Formation of 3 cooperatives having 30 members after each turn of training
completion
  Constructing market centre where the products will be sold
 Provision of material support to the cooperatives
 Training in documentation, credit and saving.
 Continuous supervisions and quality control

Risks and Assumptions

Though there is no major risk encountering during the implementation of the project, the
possible risks are the following.
1 The target group will be unwilling to cooperate all throughout the of the project
2 The fund will not be available on time
3 The price of input materials will be fluctuated
4 There will be fierce competition over the market
5 The trainees run away for begging leaving the training

High
4
1
Probability
Medium 3

Low
Medium high

Impact

Assumptions
It is assumed that the project will be funded on time and the target groups will be cooperative
throughout the project. It is also assumed that price fluctuation will be solved though
contingency fund and competition over market will be solved through producing quality
goods and services in addition to price flexibility. Moreover, restrict follow up technique
keeps the trainees on the whole training programs.
Implementation strategy of the project
By taking into consideration the nutrition, residence and other social services, the following
implementation strategies will be conducted to realize the improvement of the livelihood of
the beggars through income generating activities in kebeles of Gulale sub-city.
The identified beneficiaries will be provided with houses rented from kebeles in Gulale sub-
city at lower price. Training centre that will be used later as production centre will be
constructed. The training centre will have different sections. In the same compound there will
be cafeteria service. From the cafeteria beneficiaries get food with low cost during the
training program. Moreover, market centres will be constructed in the project area in
collaboration with the kebeles’ officials.

After selecting able bodied beggars from the kebeles of Gulale sub- city, counselling and
guidance will be provided for those who involved in the income generating program of the
project. Then trained artisans and craftsmen will be identified from the localities. These
artisans and craftsmen will be trained to train them as trainers for the target population of the
project. Then the trained trainers will start providing vocational skill training in pottery,
weaving and embroidery. In order to upgrade the trainers and improve the quality of products
different on job training will be provided on regular basis.
After the trainer’s skills and vocational training, the beneficiaries will form legal cooperatives
in the sub-city. In addition to this, these trainees will be provided with credit and saving
services as well as material supports. The course of the project checked up through the
products quality control and supervision activities.
The logical framework of the project
Summary Indicators Evidence Assumption
Goal Reducing incidence of Beggary reduced by Government
beggary 1.5% at the end of statistics
year 3
Purpose Improved livelihoods of Each beneficiaries Documents Begging is due
270 beggars who can earns 540 birr per from market to lack of
work in 11 kebeles of month at the end of centre income
Gullele sub-city year 3
Output 1. Improved skill of All beneficiaries Report from Adequate skill
making pottery, accepted trainings the project’s and vocational
weaving and involved in income office training
embroidery generating activities Evaluation available
of their own by the of the
end of year 3 participants

2. Raised awareness At least 5% of their Report from Saving practices

for good saving income saved at the saving and are culturally
practice end of year 3. credit acceptance
association

Activity 1.1. Beneficiaries are 270 beneficiaries are Registered The

selected based on the selected to be names of beneficiaries are
pre-set criteria of the engaged in the actual beggars willing to be
project implementation of integrated
the project by the end (trained)
of the first month

1.2. Establish training One large training Field survey Construction

centre centre developed by materials are
the end of month 2 available

1.3. Select craftsmen and 10 artisan and Agreement Craftsmen and

artisan. craftsmen are file artisan are ready
selected by the end of to be trained as
week 2 (in two weeks trainers
duration)
1.4. Train them as
The selected trainers Attendance Craftsmen and
trainers
trained for a month artisans develop
confidence in
training the
trainees
1.5. Provide training for 270 beggars (able- Training The trained
the able-bodied beggars bodied) received report trainees
in Gullele sub-city training by the end of Participants acquired
year 3 evaluation sufficient skill
in IGA
1.6. Form cooperatives 90 trained Observation The trained
of 30 members after each beneficiaries Report trainees ready to
training organized into three work together
groups by the end of
month 6
1.7. Establish market A market centres Field survey Access to
centre having sections for market and
different products proper storage
and store room are of product
developed
1.8. provide initial 9 cooperatives of Report from Beneficiaries
capital and material beneficiaries received credit and directly
support to the initial capital and saving involved in IGA
cooperatives material support by association
the end of year 3
2.1. select professional A professional trainer Training Professional
trainer on saving is selected at the end report trainer is
of each training year available to
deliver training
2.2. provide training on 9 cooperatives of Training The trainees
training on saving beneficiaries received report apply the
training on saving Attendance training they
practice at the end of have received.
year 3.
 Action planning
Activity Starting and Personnel Materials Responsible
completion needed needed

person
Construct February Constructor Metal Project manage and coordinator
training and 2 1-May 21 and daily sheets, nails,
market centres labourers cement,
wood, stone,
gravel
Train 10 March 10- Vocational Note books, Project coordinator
craftsmen and 30 and skill pens
artisans so as supervisor
to train
beneficiaries
Provide May 4-19 Counsellor Project coordinator
counselling to
90
beneficiaries
Train 30 May 20 – Pottery Clay stone, Vocation skills supervisor
beneficiaries November trainers (3) potter
in pottery 20 wheel,
making grinding
machine,
decorating
materials
Train 30 May 20 – Weaving Cotton, Vocational skills supervisor
beneficiaries November trainers (4) weaving
in weaving 20 machine,
threads
Train 30 May 20 – Embroidery Sewing Vocational skills supervisor
beneficiaries November trainers (3) machine,
in embroidery 20 threads,
garments,
iron
Train 90 November Credit and Note books Project coordinator
beneficiaries 21 – 26 saving and pens
in trainer
documentation
and saving
Organize 90 November Project Project manager
trained 27 -31 coordinator
beneficiaries and kebele
into three officials
cooperative
groups
Provide December 1 Manager, Materials Project manager
materials – January 1 coordinator and
support and and equipments
initial capital supervisor needed for
to making
cooperatives pottery,
weaving and
embroidery.

Activity schedule
The activities which are going to be carried out in the project are scheduled as follows-
Activities F M A M J J A S O N D J
set up project team
Prepare training and market
centre
Select the beneficiaries
Select craftsmen and artisans
Train craftsmen and artisans as
trainers
Group selected beneficiaries
under three categories
Provide counselling service to the
trainees
Provide training for 90
beneficiaries
Form three cooperatives of 30
trained members
Give training on saving practices
to cooperatives
Provide material support and
initial capital to cooperatives
Continuous supervision and
quality control

Financial plan of the project

The budget for the project implementation is proposed in the following tables. In the first
two table detailed budget showing costs of human power and material resources are presented
for year one.
A. Man power
Position Quan Qualific Experienc Transpo Salary/ Total Total
tity ation e rt month/ET salary/mon salary/yea
(minimu allowanc B th/ETB r/ETB
m) e/month/
ETB
Manager 1 Degree 10 years 280 4,500 4,780 57,360
Project 1 Degree 5 years 250 4,000 4,250 51,000
coordinator
Vocational 1 Diploma 3 years 150 3,000 3,150 37,800
skills
supervisor
Legal officer 1 Diploma 3 years - 3,000 3,000 3,600
Accountant 2 Diploma 2 years - 2,500 5,000 60,000
Cashier 1 Diploma 2 years - 1,000 1,000 12,000
Secretary 2 Diploma - - 900 1,800 21,600
Store keeper 1 10th - - 600 600 7,200
Guards 3 6th - - 250 750 9,000
Credit and 1 Degree 3 years - 450/3 days 450 450
saving
trainer
Vocational 10 Well - - 2,200 22,000 132,000/si
trainers experien x months
ced
Janitors 2 - - - 250 500 6,000
Counsellor 1 Degree 2 years 150 3.500 3,650 43,800
Cafeteria 5 - - - 200 1,000 12,000
workers
Total 32 453,810

B. Materials and equipments list

Description Quantity Unit cost/ETB Total cost/ETB
Computer 5 7,000 35,000
Printer 2 1,000 2,000
UPS 1000 5 5,000
Tables 600 10 6,000
Chairs 120 30 3,600
Filing cabinets 1000 5 5,000
Folders 200 10 2,000
Stationary materials 8,000
Office rent 60,000

House rent 18 20 4,320

Telephone 6,000
Materials for pottery 14,100
Materials for 5,000
weaving
Materials for 11,450
embroidery
Cost for Training, production 210,000
construction and market centers
Kitchen and dining 10,000
materials
Cost for food 90 trainees 240 129,600/ six months
Mattress, blanket. 90 trainees 500(twice a year) 90,000
Bed sheets and
clothing
Initial capital for 90 trainees 1000 90,000
Each trainee
Total 787,070

The total cost of the project is the expenses of the whole project time. For year two and three
some existing materials are transferred from year one. As such the total costs for of each of
these two years is less than that of year one. For instance, the costs for office equipments like
folder, filing cabinet, chairs, tables, computers, printers, UPS are exempted. Therefore, as it is
summarized by the following table the total cost of the project is 3273240ETB.
Summary of the total project’s budget
Costs Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Staff salaries 321,360 321,360 321,360
Training 132,450 132,450 132,450
Administration 383,920 383,920 383,920
Activities 210,000 210,000 210,000
Training equipments 21,150 21,150 21,150
Office equipments 66,600 - -
Total 1,135,480 1,068,880 1,068,880