BC Calc Memorization Sheet

b
V   r 2 Derivatives
dx Integrals Trig Identities Volume
a
d n
x  nx n 1 x n1 tan x 
sin x Disc
 x dx  n  1  C , n  1
n
dx cos x b
V    r 2 dx
d
ln x 
1 sin x  cos x  1
2 2
a
dx x
Washer
 x dx  ln x  C
d 1 1
logb x 
R  r 2  dx
b
dx x ln b V  2
a
d x
e  ex L’Hopital’s Rule Shell
dx Integration Rules f ( x) 0 
 or  , b
d x
b  b x  ln b
If lim
x  a g ( x) 0  V  2  rh dx
dx a
U-Substitution f ( x) f '( x)
 lim Cross Section
 f ( g ( x))dx let u = g(x)
d
sin x  cos x . then lim
x a g ( x ) x a g '( x)
b
V   A dx
dx
d
cos x   sin x a
dx Integration by Parts
 u dv  uv   v du
d
tan x  sec2 x First Fundamental Theorem
dx
f  t  dt  f  g ( x)   g '( x)
g ( x)

d
d
sec x  sec x  tan x dx a
dx Decomposing into P.F.
d 1 1 A B
arcsin x    Second Fundamental Theorem
dx
1  x2 (cx  d )(hx  k ) (cx  d ) (hx  k )
 f t  dt  F (b)  F (a) where F’(x) = f(x)
b
d 1
arccos x   a
dx
1  x2
1
d
arctan x  Position, Vel, Acc Alt. Series Error: error  an1 (the next
dx 1  x2 d d
v(t )  ( pos) a(t )  (v(t )) term)
dt dt Lagrange Error:
Differentiation Rules b
f
n 1
 c  b  a 
n 1
Prod. displacement   v(t )dt
error  where
d
 f  g  f ' g  fg ' b
a
 n  1!
dx
Quot. T .D.T .   v(t ) dt f
n 1
c
d  f  f ' g  fg ' a

   is the maximum value of fn+1(x) on [a,b].

g2 speed  vel
 
dx g

Chain
f  g ( x)   f   g ( x)   g '( x)
d McLaurin Series to have memorized Logistic
dx
k
x 2 x3 xn P  M  P
dP
e  1  x       
x 
Definition of Derivative dt M
2! 3! n!
f ( x  h)  f ( x )
 1 x 2 n 1
M
n
f ( x)  lim x 3
x 5
P
h 0 h sin x  x        1  Ce kt
3! 5!  2n  1! M = carrying capacity
Inv Fun Theorem
 1 x  
2 4 n 2n
x x
f(x) (a,b) slope = m cos x  1     
f 1 ( x) (b,a) slope = 1 2! 4!  2n  ! Pt Slope Form
m y - y1 = m(x – x1)

Taylor Series Euler’s Method

f   a  f   a  f  n
a (x,y) dy x dy (x,y)
f  x   f  a   f   a  x  a    x  a   x  a     x  a   y  x
2 3 n
dx
2! 3! n! dx
Maclaurin Series ( Taylor series with a  0 )
1
 f (b)  f (a)
Average Rate of Change: AROC  (slope between two points)
ba
Inst. Rate of Change: IROC  f   c  (slope at a single point)
f (b)  f (a)
Mean Value Thm Part 1: f (c)  Rolles Thm.: if f(a) = f(b), then f’(c) = 0
ba

 f  x  dx  f  x  dx
b b

 f (c ) 
a a
Average Value of a Function: f avg Mean Value Thm Part 2:
ba ba
Intermediate Value Thm. A function f(x) that is continuous on  a, b takes on every y-value between
f  a  and f  b  .
Extreme Value Thm: If f(x) is continuous on  a, b , then f(x) must have both an absolute min and absolute
max on the interval  a, b .

   
2
b  dy  2 2
Arc Length  
t2
1    dx Arc Length   dx dy
dt
a
 dx  t1 dt dt
cartesian parametric

       
2 2 t2 2 2
Speed =    
dx dy dx dy
T.D.T. = dt
dt dt t1 dt dt
dy d  dy 
1 2 2 d2y  
dt  dx 
 d
dy
Polar Area  r Parametric Derivatives:  dt
dx
,  dx
2 1 dx dx 2
dt dt Area of Trapezoid
Polar Conversions: r  x  y , x  r cos , y  r sin  ,   arctan
2 2 2 y A = 1/2h(b1 + b2)
x

Tests for Convergence/Divergence

th
n term test div. if lim an  0 (cannot be used to show convergence)
n 

a
Geom. series test  ar
n 0
n
r  1  conv. , r  1  div. , S=
1 r

1
p -series n
n 1
p
p  1  conv. , p  1  div.

Alternating series decr. terms and lim an  0  conv.

n 
   
Integral test an  f ( x)  an conv. if
n 1
 1
f ( x) dx conv., a
n 1
n div. if 
1
f ( x ) dx div.

an 1 a a
lim  1  conv. , lim n 1  1  div. , (inconclusive if lim n 1  1)
Ratio test n  an n  a n  a
n n

(works well for factorials and exponentials)

a series with terms smaller than a known convergent series also converges
Direct Comparison
a series with terms larger than a known divergent series also diverges
a
if lim n is finite and positive both series converge or both diverge
Limit Comparison n  b
n

(use with "messy" algebraic series, usually compared to a p-series)